Effect of Loading Angle on the Behavior of Fillet Welds

175 Pages·2010·19.6 MB·English

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:E EFFECT OF LOADING ANGLE
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ON THE BEHAVIOUR OF
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Effect of Loading Angle on the Behaviour of Fillet Welds
by
KamDeng
Gilbert Y. Grondin
and
Robert G. Driver
tructural Engineering Report 251
Department of ivil and Environmental Engineering
University of Alberta
Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
June 2003
AB TRA T
The fillet weld design equation in the North American standards predicts that fillet weld
strength increases as the angle between the weld axis and the loading direction increases.
An increase of up to 50% is predicted as the loading direction increases from zero
(longitudinal welds) to 90 degrees (transverse welds). However, because the results upon
which the equation is based were obtained from tests of specimens prepared using
shielded metal arc welding, a process that generally produces fillet welds with relatively
high toughness levels, the equation may not be suitable for welds deposited using other
welding processes. Therefore, the effect of toughness on fillet weld strength and ductility
was investigated. Tests were conducted on longitudinal and transverse fillet welds and
fillet welds oriented at 45° to tJle loading direction. The specimens were prepared using
the flux cored arc welding process, a process more commonly used in high production
shop welding, and filler metals with and without a specified toughne . Higher toughness
was found to improve fillet weld ductility and to decrease longitudinal fillet weld
strength. A reliability analysis of the test data collected in this test program and a number
of other test program indicated that the current North American design equation provides
a sufficient safety index.
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A KNOWLEOGEMENT
This research project was funded by the American In titute of teel Construction
and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.
The work presented in this report was conducted with the assistance of
Mr. Anthony Ng, Mr. Logan allele, and Mr. Cameron Franchuk, M c students, and
Mr. Mohammad Behbahanifard, PhD student in the Department of ivil and
Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta.
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TABLE OF CONTE TS
ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................... i
ACKNOLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................. iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................... v
LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. ix
LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................ xi
LIST OF SYMBOLS ....................................................................................................... xiii
1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... I
1.1 Background .................................................................................................... I
1.2 Objectives and Scope .................................................................................... I
1.3 Units Used in Report ..................................................................................... 2
2. LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................. 5
2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 5
2.2 Research on the Effect of Loading Angle on Fillet Weld Behaviour ............ 5
2.2.1 Archer el 01. (1959) ....................................................................... 5
2.2.2 Higgins and Preece (1969) ............................................................. 6
2.2.3 Butler and Kulak (1971) ................................................................. 6
2.2.4 Clark (1971) ................................................................................... 6
2.2.5 Swannell and Skewes (1979) ......................................................... 7
2.2.6 Mansell and Yadav (1982) ............................................................. 7
2.2.7 Pham (19830, 1983b) ..................................................................... 7
2.2.8 McClellan (1989) ........................................................................... 8
2.2.9 Miazga and Kennedy (1989) .......................................................... 8
2.2.10 Lesik and Kennedy (1990) ............................................................. 8
2.2.11 Bowman and Quinn (1994) ............................................................ 9
2.2.12 Ng el ai. (2002) .............................................................................. 9
2.3 Summary ...................................................................................................... 10
3. EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM ............................................................................... 13
3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................. 13
3.2 Filler Metal .................................................................................................. 13
3.3 Base Metal ................................................................................................... 13
3.4 Specimen Design ......................................................................................... 14
3.5 Specimen Designation ................................................................................. 15
3.6 Specimen Fabrication .................................................................................. 15
3.7 Ancillary Test Specimens ........................................................................... 15
3.7.1 Base Metal Tension Tests ............................................................ 15
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3.7.2 Chemical Analysis of Weld Metal .............................................. 16
3.7.3 Weld Metal Tension Tests ........................................................... 16
3.7.4 Charpy V-Notch Impact Tests ...................................................... 16
3.7.5 Diffusible Hydrogen Tests ........................................................... 16
3.8 Test Specimen Preparation ......................................................................... 16
3.9 Instrumentation and Test Setup .................................................................. 17
3.10 Testing Procedure ........................................................................................ 18
3.1 I Fracture Information ................................................................................... 18
4. TEST RESULTS ........................................................................................................ 29
4.1 Ancillary Test Results ................................................................................. 29
4. I. I Base Metal Tension Tests ........................................................... 29
4. 1.2 Weld Chemical Analysis ............................................................. 29
4.1.3 Weld Metal Tension Tests ........................................................... 29
4.1.4 Charpy V-Notch Impact Tests ...................................................... 30
4.1.5 Diffusible Hydrogen Tests ........................................................... 30
4.2 Fillet Weld Test Results ............................................................................... 30
4.2.1 Test-to-Predicted Ratio ................................................................ 31
4.2.2 Weld Fracture Stress .................................................................... 32
4.2.3 Weld Strain ................................................................................... 32
4.2.4 Fracture Angle .............................................................................. 32
5. ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION .............................................................................. 37
5.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 37
5.2 Weld Strength and Ductility ........................................................................ 37
5.2.1 Effect of Filler Metal Classification and Toughness ................... 37
5.2. 1.1 Effect on Fillet Weld Strength ......................................... 38
5.2.1.2 Effect on Weld Ductility .................................................. 39
5.2.2 Effect of Weld Orientation ........................................................... 40
5.3 Fracture Surface Observations ..................................................................... 41
5.4 Comparison with Other Studies ................................................................... 42
5.5 Comparison with Design Standard Predictions ........................................... 44
5.6 Reliability Analysis ...................................................................................... 45
6. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ......................................................................... 59
6.1 Summary ..................................................................................................... 59
6.2 Conclusions .................................................................................................. 60
6.3 Recommendations for Future Research ...................................................... 62
REFERENCES ................................................................................................................. 63
APPENDIX A - Welding Procedures Specification ........................................................ 67
APPENDIX B - Weld Measurements and Weld Profiles ................................................ 73
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APPE DIX C - Material Tension oupon Test Results ............................................... 115
APPE DIX D - Test Results ......................................................................................... 123
APPE DIX E - Fillet Weld Stress vs. train Response ................................................ 131
APPENDIX F - Photomicrographs of Weld Fracture urface ...................................... 151
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