Effect of controlled atmosphere on the activity and kinetics of three detoxification enzymes in Araecerus fasciculatus (Coleoptera: Anthribidae)

2012·1.2 MB·

by  Can, Li

1 mW ttn Sir, oe 12 5H AT ss ate

Effect of controlled atmosphere on the activity and kineties
of three detoxification enzymes in Araecerus fasciculates
(Coleoptera; Anthribidae)
1 Gan!? 1 Zi 7. 2? WANG Jindun!

2. Guns Hie Cale Ky Spel Lm Ine ea Cla gel Naa, Deatae,o Bislog

Abatraet; To vhf the eft of corte! emghem {13 $m stoma! pots al orga asin
tell tothe devel of sishawary He elfen of with eile! Clk FSEE yy SOE Oy
26 Na) sm the any vides uf wososewrace (Cat Fy sel phvarlaae CCP) an! eh

canter | GBte2 lan an rapier gpl of Aounarin fesse {Mh Che
fvestigated, Ue xeuka showed that Carl actides wete siguienaly asetd by CA with sxpowune
sine, meoneed by 3 415: 58 O26 aud 68,965 ox 0. 6b ad 9 hy rapeeticl. afer mpocure
gmp ih che emia, The C4 tort: inno the Michacis Monten ¢ MY) kre conan
Soe GarF. 26.198 5 41-7795 coal ST. 1296, remotes 3 fy 6 lk 9 Haier ese, bat
vl edo Lie MAW eesti, Bye A wie a 3 6 Il Bl ial he soi ey
AEAGE Ly 340518, 72.4550 god 126. 37%, capurdaly. Computed in Be ead. the apoeie
‘etios of USte bz ddute expeeed ta CA tar 3 0. 6 band b wouearesascd bs just 5.408. 6. 40M
aod 17.2956, cesponively. these seats sugges that. festtafres cap adjust the setity of sexe

Aetoationtinn agra nid ve Kites of Car bleed soem andor the sina a CA. Thaler CA
ori, the sali setiviy af ne leet eney nee ts ir ata weve ene,
Patel piling he i br a peat saline sey again mere crains
Thin sacy prvi ip enced steps by CA busta sd he anlaeiaa CA ane ve
lesa

Key words; stowed oduct cost; meson fascicles; conzolled atuosphore {0A : rsitame te
fortmlld semephineg croton orm erm ae nis tes

A sotion fe tangle, insuving slesivaton,

1 INTRODUCTION reirain, energy mellivny aelniie
perc amo vxpoxia Ofae ad Reicha

Contd steeper (CAY wut lw D, ane HS, Cee ot ade 21g dene at le 2MNYg
tested CU, iy inertial sat He bree one Cling ote, 2005) “Toe relation ie elaine
Coun inerially to vor inl sonal alt ase prs “evar the peeues om the sania to dni

‘hy comedies. Station have rhonn that ineirts sbaerebio aceholia., ako Irae ty a medueton ia

te CA. for anorvesie gennations ap ATP prudnetion (itebam et af, 2006). Redazed
tlevelop vositance in a sinuloe annex te neecticides OG, vonanaiptin louss ts a drevomed rato of ATT
coxl fusignnts (Bond ead Bueklind. 1979: Nacano —pradvtion. The ell and mischuniol membrsce

oF a. IBS Bung et al, 1998, 2000 3, owe mons porte, ang to 62 rng 9
Lolerstting ne rvtsasan a 24 meine fy adh (Hhurha sn, TOR}. Minne aller Inne
seme lo ly susie His ered Toric. alle asin, ATP hve seine anal ADD, AMP,
amelie of tne snake cri flr Tedie taal IMP Cine annals? Teele irre
linet: tho mechaniew of slesaace of vesistaneo, —(Hdbach al Sohy 20M 1 Ply suds

Shdics have indicated thet the inscti-dal CA rede Wsinian (apielotons; Tonividwe) pupae al

REO EPR IP NEN BH, PRA ITEC My APPRRIEMBM ENDL LON
FASO Fo Nes RA FM ALC 98 O22 ra ae
AL S845, RASTA. RE UR A TRIH CURT, SUSHI: So Hen OE a

mate:
Nim 6
Raa

Drdande, BEER any
ructubulie urtst as a unyjor scepine to lyponie
(Chow 4 acy 2R }. Hise the han
odslying aurival i eush cxtne conditions axe
rot vaeently thew (Yuan a¢ ray 2008). Leer
hove! U0 anlar Toy rion

Tate of wvetkaliem sad ntiation of anaarahie
repinnion ano steeeul to inscets ( Theloeble
TR

fs lkele to depend on their telermoo ander the
bili, ts sles oie amtalinie eel
Chenninton and) Cand, 1987 2 umlsing the
Ingemunve of devdieaton cgi,

Adaptations Io hypuia ‘weld tee lilly
svt tt oni atiembie mite poteape,
the obiliy wy dastally aneonvetsIysalevtalc
rites, altel behaviors and enaeged tell sytem
voluoe {Tisback and Stanley, 2001, Youg 2 a,
2011}. This ie a diflerat sespousiee mechan
‘hou “caxpas apavan fanetin of poet
ticidee | Manon, 300). Garboaleaenne
(Coatys acid plnaphaaee £ACP) and latins
Sanam CCST Yan Uno lon
fee i inne Sere rane sage He
the autvty of sume enzriey in insoets could be
allctal by CA womente. knproved aetiote at
shared instcs index of acrozal dotiioator
feunrmed in stoied porte may result fom stands
fxg OA ach a Carl Lio a, 208),
ACHE (Live oil, 2000) "ACP CL etd, 20081)
ESTE Li aad His IR Vous can Me esta
Ax ne insides ig ome in aon, earl
Ding eal. 2008}

The coos hou wownl, racers facteneeus
(De Goce) , is a widely distcutod inasct pom thet
star ws variety gira pnt ba i
Te fel mal in aloege, elec cin Lear,

ori sale, anal sly rae, sieeve
Sind ii cS and Sen, 9735~ Tw Chins
this esi ig were pest ata Faits tr
fmvbtoual Chasse mediems atedale EMBL)
which ace mowle dned acths (Li a. 20099)
De to tho. intended ace of CMM (far hina
consunytion), CA ie ao appoeing mses of inset
Centil for lure Failte, beer C3 ino ale
‘id sigaltoe allemeion. Inthis say ning
Feito tel vg e esi le
‘le lw GA {18% 5% CO. gud 3S
percal atmusplero} on cae spite acorics of
Ga, ACF oud G3T¢, and smdiod the effort om the
insti paraveara af ark. The welts promide
ini i emt enya iy CA Ie sal te
tte lass of C4 coin

The aural fete ler 64 Ie

2 MATERIAL AND METHODS

21 treats

A laboutory vole ob A, _feeiodoens ne
cotublshe Ta 200 laeee welled atm lal
CHM rate in
April, DOR, Te note
snoring ihe dria! Chine das
Sophve|, psckagi ow anes i am geome
ial wring chinar a BASING, 785+ 5
rola: hung (RAY or phopeed of 141 190
bof the tot
22 Controlled simogphere and bioassay

Ie urdor io tenn te eet C3 ot eal
Aevoiiaton vale

ping. shy Pasi, Chit,
reared ae ®
(sighs

cease pierton,
aioli with 25% (0, 8% 1, and 208%
Treated by a vata atmnsghene grote {Bn
Changi SCT Ui, Charging China C14 et ay
2u, 200b 3

se devia sing sll igh plans ao (20
se rn 20 a

the CA were texte ui sats nat ange
(355-909 } man ave Leta MND Si

sym peal wee wea ie fl nase

Heels EA sgn Ue Ie

arian vaytesir pee hr

ont lwo ose of calli aa

sym poate C31. by 9 bey 12 fy HE sel
ThE. Canlnd gompy wore espinal kt sonal
awl vali, Metall wae angrces alo
tends wenn Inalnnal lo ual aed

titi Tor ees ha ll sven alle
Frding pal wil carol” Iie Iona we sa
seal istry 20091). All eds wore pra

ear

Ths, Woralile slabs was romeo ih

‘nt explicate ns ile

Alda
£1925 } thee al sr ey roi anayie
(Rayeneal, 1985 Unable the main etait
Fr (1g)

Tle lat of Ue CA ae eisten of Three
Altice vogue al te Kiveie ras
vee eoalalnd be sng all yeaa Tn
fined alle dete va fT
31, 6h mal bh, mpertivdy
peri aiid Ll al erate ative sl

The ivelic aunmmeemm eve aaa al ngs
“xi Thane ot the rated. Time splice were
poesia fn le Unadvedaid Ue sn

2.3 Enzyme extraction

DORA Coulee pbuh in ere a
ve (2001) eam llowel Tor Uae alr
prepevation. Beefy, 0 adale (3 ~3 dol) wore

Frei iho rvngeniaes iA ee
sohd nxn ena bl (0.098 nL PS AD
7.0} an fi, “allel by akin of 7.6 rt PS.
The henner ales xe divide spealle inl eight
venoms ase han 1.3 rh} aed sourigeh a
TW U0 weinin thy ronnie, 3KS0. Siam, Se
oe nase

Luis, BO. USA}, at 4G for 1S aia, Tho
omermalants wsntsning CaF wens called me
tenetl ingress
2.3.2. ACIP, Baas won ropa by bain
Thrills iO, me old seta Buller (0,2
eleT pI a. 11 Jam is vt bath, The
uhsogvent soe wore the sia or Cae.
3 GSTs; Thing 3-5 d old aduky wow
hemingnivel ith Od n PTS. AU sen exon
soared CA Ilan ee tae se 8 Te Ca

imrgme assis
2AL CHF sutra Kine; Pater ents
‘af emyme carats sure quae) with 4 alan
cure gumaraeal usig Lovine in bai

ERoehsh) he ewmasio ballon be (6284.
Signa? (CBeallanl, 1936 4

ality svn asain uscurding wo Tho wl
Byres CHIL) sing oe NA (Signs 5
sabsiate, Reine bing Ist, wraps eerie ee
Cliath PRS tn a voaventeainn wit hil

sata stern

‘hn, £101) range Iter 0.2 al 4"

rection spouts aired Sale NA (3.2 HE
fey fete), LAB seri Fleks®3
CUA molt in steams ane Dh BL Ry
HS, I7 Os Lib rleol the salads, The Fisk

tole se asta a

lilly PRS Al
saliong sere ile 32. wae dh 3

tin, Tm sn iow ms leruntedl Fs of 1
Fas Ml ll isan sary sala sie
ler HE in niiteainn sacra
lemperalurs, tle eau wis ens ll

via eoales (Sunnie "ia Cogs 1d}
AOR nan. Spi tly may wale a

spiral a tl»
The Vickelv-Weulew (MM) kine oe ae
comsbeal, Faye and WAT coasts By ah tak
‘Mle meu A ey een So
le Linmoaver-Bunk pl. The al ein ee
ween GAR nl, ealsiniag 0. 6 lo eave
extra, OL QS wa seine (1 30 19 wali
Soot! and cra fine conceatasone aust’
10,025 041,08, 0.1, B24 8 0° 1.0m
ah. 1M)
24.2 ACP seins,
Fran lailee’ ures gener ning priplona
(Vian Chie).
U3 mk 4-xinoplenn] shwaphate aaadium alt
(Aimer) CCT all, fan awtane a
vwata) and 0, 0.1,0.2,0.3, 04, U.S a 0-6 mL,
sf erneet, ho ttl aeton volun ts aut to
Sets veh 3 mle atte fer sur. AT
felatiens wee inubated i 4 37% waa bath for 30
‘nin, The vateton war tennnated ith 2D en. of

VA { Ua
AUP arin woe donnie

lee ration sahara

After 10 nin of
eageratare. he

NuOM sation (0, 2 aulL)

“anilibeain wees som
ahoraime mas eat IK) can < Shure "su
Cong th

2G3 NTs vit, OTe aasity nae eemeunal
ving Veblen 2, dliiinbeserne (CONE,
Signi Yas bale flowing the lb
Alserilnal by Chery (2016). Prey the maton
system af 3d tonsighal oP 81 al CDNB ESM
fl'L, A Lm, male ghataione «08H
fmil/Ly fms}, 2.8 a evn eels
aml 0.3 vale PBS (0. 1 ankle, pH 6.8}. The
fanloa sinple vonsiied of 0. Tol, CNH. (3H

roan’ DET al 8H Grama, 2.38 al BBS
GUT al, pH 6.5) with a arco exact. The

stray woe sama st 3A on Foy nb 35°C
Till we reins, Tie sti as raed
ts fellows

GST antsy = AODyy x WF Gu xb
el ind
ena
cm (ciation oc of the wearton tot, and
ee)

Data anys
Ainear nyqescon equations wae gavaated io
M5 roel” (version Mieaosot Oitico! Exel 2003)

Coie

fr at) standacd cues and avaction sures ta
Aatemmins corsa actits (elope 3. Ons-eay
ANOVA wat perked to cralnito the eet ofthe

CA mecmext am the epcitie actirity aud kinctis
potenotere of CatE, followed ar Daan" 2 wlaple
ange tet ter man separtica, All aataeal
protedues were perborned using SPSS 15.0,

3 RESULTS.

3.1 innscaps
He ve alls map the CA wae
1.85 1 0.76 W Cu = 5, y= 150) a the
ri ili af pt nally pene a Hes CT 3
Goh and 8 hese 7. SER, A ad HD. BEE,
repr ely (Tae
5.2 Effect of CA treatment on Cart,
Kegomane Hine sigs alla
speitiestiily (Fy = 516.51, 0.41 aul
rear rersnios nites Tal pcan seily wo

ve Cok

fs cated with he CA. vale. Hine
(PHL OUR). he ayes arts ee Cart gone
(0.424, 0.429, 0. a 612 en ak
3h, 61 aml 9h ater GA toeatnant, nesperivele
‘eis roe invreaoal by 35.418 53. 1D ad
BHLOKGE agetivels, runneth pe endl
(0 Wamposine evi $24 ramen able
2 Ato2.622 eml’ng + min, 3.361 eam “ia
CA stm signialy inert Ng Heal AAT rly vir a 3, GB ae 9h le
Crh hy 2 135, TPS anal ST. IS lier payne to CA, enemepuraing ben siy inane
cipro OCA Tir 3h, eed 9 I peelively, PRT SBS 72.455 al 12H. 37% pepe ele
iting that we vats aity wee higher veer (able 1}
CA treet CP 2 0.1. Thaeener, tle CA Sed EAfeet of CA treatment on CSTs uetivity
Unter Tad rill ont het =O. TH ST tsity we sight alee by CA
fsyuriting that eabstats afte “an unalfotor —catanet woth dilaran eapoause tine CF, ~652.9.

(Table 33 Fo — 0, O18}. The setivitios weno incroased ar
3.2) Mifeet of CA treutmeat on ACP uelisity 5.40%. 8.4056 ane 17. SOG, teapocsively, aftr
ACP ecuts from both CA teatod ane conmol — eapoenee to CA for 7b. 6 Ean 9 he Liueur
ponps suse very you our reatimaivs bercocr. regression aul nceat’s a vgn-Evantseatoxship
sisal ony om artsy. The slog (P-=A, D3 Hwee CA mated time ant FST

Ai the eegvasiar lies preva the spel avtty (Table ©¥~ Whe elles af CA gn ts
lily, spose nung. (CA Iressa eile Hanon Cc nal ly spear ith
inna ACP ye ific arlivis Fo 1.938 willow! gar ayveure li (9B

‘eile | Wey oe for he peal af An of ene ered the C8.

Tube Eek CA apwoin on Caeh wut ol Arasora: clas
’ at 40.978 (8 0.959 Les etd or

abet of C4 on sete parameter of Ca eu ater aendtas

onl _efet of C8. Ace aed af Aer cot

FRESE
om "hav seston Bom

Table Sie of Ca uo 8 set of Aracer fit

4 DISCUSSION

63 tuts ave eet ae cmt ike
rings of ermine ord atmage pte Caldari
NMevatte. WM, VEO; Gacarcharan ace sjcadsan,

inzetiides sa been vall doucalad (Weng ¥ 0.
1990, 2000, Te wea. 2008), Te he Anstrlne shee
body, doer caprina (Mev ot of 198, the
varlesrhtwe evi, I CEC SLL) we
flogclp ated tm OFS Csadh a. prewrcon and
‘kite oniabie) aie, Ura omve spate Ua

21S}. C8 insunerh slr amaiptin a0 C2. the unhueva eva onl thy eo fying nen
Gand M, omertations inthe scaosphcte —excomlesinae woe one af the afr Moeasoieal
simuling the sural mshi al gis ann ter kates trspsalie for the Hevea vn
‘acide is a9 import fctor wfontng tho ofcaer of alchigrweszonen in Dipekra Kesatanon ro
EA estnents shears beat lig (Hara unig se calorie faerie ithe

Burkl, 1979, Cashme ant Honaeve, 1999, 198s
vas ab SEOLY. CA alse Jot Ws at

Fe wr Lannins nr hy pit a ft
op gooey which eaeotee a eaibensleleaes,

Femling sey al delay velit af vee at ala everett cin (Cheapo a
Inuchids (azga , 20093. Feeding sctity aclly 2001}. 1 bas bosn dauionatated that the Is sone
levis the tosh be it Lie eer Tell, ateracice eatlis lint ised (reine

sete a comorntan Tresaae inch Tel of oythor

rls. pas cooye Uva sa ay le
Dmbuntions of axygor wad rors lined
cmecunstions (Mareen, 2009), the redaction 0

rd ahora ponte rein 1 Wang ca, 1999
20H). Ea wuss aneoura asuvsenant vas List
thugs tn utiortnnd the sarge howto
resparsct of 2. fase t contoled atmeephts

eli Incrs he prema ui ie “The CA trentnent cranes ACP ant the
‘zero wcacolism, which would sequse very high post to ectain enter. Ae a owl cozy. ACD
rales of are lvoe ne thu al rape nay he lei atepige aid ell true ell

ebuueiie af eile sere hl tie

te defonces Se evogerat rho, sche Wh

wali wus Uhwharlia, 86: Dhue anes orale of Aki, vu lel a wdc ae
Redslmal 199K). ‘Swe —evilernw lathe pier Iincendtl wnicn eros ot ACD wha,
hysilogical peseay was Zesood in enjerinces i, 2005}, ACP acy alae dressed i: th beeoolrmph

Eivsnoras
‘Acridise
Tin ca ancy chara el shy sang
3 denier enzyme fn A. fnernloton
lunler tbe illause of 4 eabetbal CA ueetect wil
eh (0.
ofall th thee tee eumrae semen
68 setaat of wai el CO, ine Le pil
ey oF a 0.8286 with OF
cpm, Thee rollers ta dae CA brain
ite erruled CP ince CF apes
Tovaude ve, aa tbe
cesta ne a se
bea deasieation exgano and ie cukanoeucat ex
oP),

‘ensewit Fora ) One

The trates invesand te ten

Specialy

Fats Ing = 1

sr inltin with he we krpathogen Fang
fniapies va, acid {Sino a. 2000), tobi,
UT plist elvly in ty igri sd exenrs
seg mony seems far men ein
phoepbublaed daialives ou ehuee aaleguce ln
Mi ed avin us ssi (Ren a
196. Lwever. afer etndsing tho relaonsip
teres ACD or ALP ari aed vsiuine in F
feampoplo Wang ote. 2000) mpomed ac ACP
for SUP srs nl vail ho CA sora Ue spin
a evil bythe

Tnogse estat ne <b
2 wise mons i hic
‘ovary lly it

Se aye

lees but Si
Tle vue coe sine

pscelacior of Cn: ard 401

ream go wee st inale eaqarad ta asia. Lvl of GST
avhamuye and pret sacterdes mn wmty of ucinty, Tceer, ey es er smalls oor
fuses ov alle (List ah, 2003), Lucseaval Cac bnpaia, Uae eaarons talabse oma.

fahity ie ineets rin tn guinghnsghans

reihierd ghittbiow ai 4 aallgdegioyy
imam terion mt ile wis af subteden
‘This sty roe ory detlfog cenobte, at 3
wore ngnas ti dealing eens retive
goygen ROX) epocies, ESTE genom pte
rg inane ative Ls. Mau, ren ts
loneation fe ved en eros nn canon 0
oy ujcspaion ol Re vas us si le,
lt cine al atin sie wove
aly foe ozgce capostae yotiode <b ax axe)
Paste GST aber Inston tn fad al eae
mote is capable Er Ui beanie in lao
the potialg elas af CSTs prsent ta mets
feuded. Rowe revarch sald Le encod ot Ue tee tbe
Iypalvers rgunting te inleauhr a
sipnalog uschinicve undidlsing wsltoos or
eer ts sp

A high

ili aie fasxeane the 6,
‘atalienn ste} of CAeF, but ha Tle lle in
iki suuabs (4,5. Pest tsstarze te UA sas
Frlated 19 a hange ihe ecw erin af eine
(Wang o af, SUUD. ‘he Ltiezousceieney of CL
be etry hela uc the ae ae
Insts pacts of Cael, Thos: raul sadiomes
bat a sal doe abil bs liane in
dletaticston erate ests dcr tbe sues of big
0, on

Cupared vith « muber of emdies devatod othe
seonlitg vt tins C3

‘renmuerts. eudies ob muoe of actin of US. and tape
ruin charges are hives see < Miho
ff, 2UN8 Howcrer, some anvdice hago somes

that mers van decry koe or rear,

treamirt hp otetentin (Dowd ard ook,
We Navies el, IES, Wang oe al. 10,
2000; tor canmple. ACL aetniie wero baer i &

{Even hl ree ee cage Bo

Son senile tin ong 10872. The tal
ciliewsy uf GA lneaale pete appar Le be ehols
Tels toh change in Gn wey 4 mem
Cul aeiny ae aacrted ab ples a0 “poet
rele CO, tae of J loetyshaple 2 Ramee
fe 1999, HU, se Tascam Car. alii ler
{rmamgent was ab snr wih yard,
ecm in Skgobiie puaioute (Lt (Li rw
28h). Tahrame tested staph
Tadueed In peaasry were gal ~letal bv
Lohman eles ste pot bees | Min
ati, MU}. The labasaleryseloted aaice of 1
Fase hr niet to iter yperenn o ona
Hyslop adaption via aczeral Ioseiag af
reall ite or plan evap el
‘he modbansms a aesenee eto the redwood e
tee ral ab its hr tn vate sw sien
slovated U0, alawapbecs ant Ue abil te toa
verb tse Oya spheres

ridley

{Dune 1992)
lars eee portly me ally eo mnt

Hsiao make mas Ie
sei tae i, see ourvval ment ede
lzhewml levels { Donde and ner,
Tie cuest wrk eugacae tba cxpnate bo CL

ievimtone CarF cuticts in 4. fiaiotans. Theor
vomits dider tout chose sing comeenional
nanan, biel wow Tal te alee Car

sctinty 0 senp le nats, ABRs, mena
Fee (ac ler aa sari, ee
gest that Give ol rae te prods
ealiag i te CA

The ineisteniels

Aevwatentinn ons
seliviy fans bo lll Ly ou ie ed
shine lita Tw ablpr to iva vais,

biote fects inde fe stages. body pats and beet.

bind fstony inay ines slate ert
cxstooucaal con:itiens and experimsaal procedase
reeling the ceil dea GA ined inna

Sivrheaam sume actly in mote appar
Ler Hi 0, Cyc nn 35 ca

seth the UN ol

sires hy inwasieg be
Staication eae

“The ware earch cst or we ron de
iavalig aly huge talon age ia
A facts. Wie ar pela a ae the aoe
tho A, the eta active of ome detest,
tases ons torte ore gue hich

tilly adorn wy for peat toate
tctiviing ws eae oration Ue oesuts the

te ml a heel
‘sjasling CA silanes avelaniioe acd. pide a
Tafa hss aahsing 24 resin ses
pene, he puseal wah abe provide tunlaowota
Fart othe sone deviation ernest
thai induction y a CA fo eored product pest. "his
se alt a elites a hei
tdedpirg the slecmace of CU,-cmicked ctmaophese

taxa

SSGan a kal wnsoaiemae Samer
Gioege, HEE ID-BD. thse. The MEM. 2
UCR SARE AP TIIC TE RSET

Sei an BEahy a SH VEO ahs He
Ree truer een rorce rs
eer ee
lseie snes eine cael ence De

fF acie neonce Botan fecrsen,

Ti teW Eat, Sa ea oe font
une Rermdedtc en Ce eer tione
veins)

Ciena sud ue seated ts fume Foto

Seu 30) ca ice ata ae

ace

Etinine SPE
Thad VR ace ad
Pecan ra EE, GaeeL, Loak IE, 6
eens ttried tae SRE

Eero

eit a Race

FUSER We, Lae AF.
ebay ak OSS RRE om, AER
pian ms
rsp ttn pte rama
enn LR aa SeaNL He, BHO.
psc egal Tea armatoneoaL VB
Bohan it a

sn Sas) kL
SLaghze ROMRA
BL En, Wiss 3

inpesaie nf cues ch te fee

Seat Bost Ram ene gee es
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