Edg AAH 112

2020·160 MB·English

FRONTIER

HOW A J JURNEY INTOUNKNOWN LAND SHAPED THE UNITED STATES

a Ne ia, Reick

oe

EDITION
Ahh hhh
A4A44444
VVIVIVVIIT
AAAsAAAAA

VV VVVVVVVVVV VV
VVVVVVVVVVVV VV
LAAAAAMMAAAAAMAAAA A,
AMAMAAAMAMA MMA MMA A Me,

AAsAAAd
4444444
AAAAAAA

VV VVVVVVVVVV VV
VV VVVVVVVVVV VV VV
LAAAAAMMAAAAAMAAA A,
AMAMAAAMAMAAMAA Mh Ah Me

VV VVVVVVVVVV VV

AAAAAAAMAAAAA AAA A,

AAMAAAAMAAAALAAAAA A,

AAAAAMAAAAAAMAAAA A,

rV VV VV
AALAMAALAA
7 Vv Vy
TV VV VV

AMAMAAMAMAAAAAMAAA A,
AMAAMAMAMALMA MAA A.
AAAAAAAAALAAAAL A,
AMAAMAAMAAAAAMAA A A,

Mh hh he he
rVvVVVvvvV

AMAMAAMAMAAAAAMAAAA A,
TV VVVVVVVrVVVVvvVvr Pe
WELCOME

NS
OO

As the American Revolution drew to a close and the colonies
claimed independence from Britain, the United States’ gaze
turned west to the vast expanse of land that was seemingly ripe
for the taking. After all, according to their Manifest Destiny, it
was their God-given right to expand.

In the Book of the American Frontier, uncover the resistance
that these enterprising settlers faced, from the Native Americans
to the unforgiving terrain. Discover the reality of what life was
like on the frontier, and meet some of the key figures in creating
the legend of the Wild West, including Billy the Kid and Wyatt
Earp. Elsewhere, find out how the Native Americans suffered at
the hands of the settlers, from wars and legislation that stripped
them of their rights, to attempts to crush existing cultures.
ae

This bookazine is printed on recycled paper. It’s important that
we care about our planet and make a difference where we can,
for us and every generation that follows.
2 Ow

AMERICAN
FRONTIER

Future PLC Richmond House, 33 Richmond Hill,
Bournemouth, Dorset, BH2 6EZ

Bookazine Editorial
Editor Philippa Grafton
Designer Perry Wardell-Wicks
Compiled by Dan Peel & Adam Markiewicz
Editorial Director Jon White
Senior Art Editor Andy Downes

All About History Editorial
Editor Jonathan Gordon
Designer Kym Winters
Editorial Director Timothy Williamson
Senior Art Editor Duncan Crooks

Cover images
Getty, Alamy

Photography
All copyrights and trademarks are recognised and respected

Advertising
Media packs are available on request
Commercial Director Clare Dove
[email protected]

International
Head of Print Licensing Rachel Shaw
[email protected]

Circulation
Head of Newstrade Tim Mathers

Production
Head of Production Mark Constance
Production Project Manager Clare Scott
Advertising Production Manager Joanne Crosby
Digital Editions Controller Jason Hudson
Production Managers Keely Miller, Nola Cokely,
Vivienne Calvert, Fran Twentyman

Management
Chief Content Officer Aaron Asadi
Commercial Finance Director Dan Jotcham
Head of Art & Design Greg Whitaker

Printed by Williarn Gibbons, 26 Planetary Road,
Willenhall, West Midlands, WV13 3xT

Distributed by Marketforce, 5 Churchill Place, Canary Wharf, London, E14 SHU
www.marketforce.co.uk Tel: [phone]

All About History Book of the American Frontier Third Edition (AHB2965)
© 2020 Future Publishing Limited

We are cornmitted to only using magazine paper which is derived from responsibly managed,
certified forestry and chlorine-free manufacture. The paper in this magazine was sourced
and produced from sustainable managed forests, conforming to strict environmental and

socioeconomic standards. The manufacturing paper mill and printer hold full FSC and PEFC
certification and accreditation,

All contents © 2020 Future Publishing Limited or published under licence. All rights reserved.
No part of this magazine may be used, stored, transmitted or reproduced in any way without
the prior written permission of the publisher. Future Publishing Limited (company number
2008885) is registered in England and Wales. Registered office: Quay House, The Ambury,
Bath BAT 1UA. All information contained in this publication is for information only and is, as far
as we are aware, correct at the time of going to press. Future cannot accept any responsibility
for errors or inaccuracies in such information. You are advised to contact manufacturers and
retailers directly with regard to the price of products/services referred to in this publication. Apps
and websites mentioned in this publication are not under our control. We are not responsible for
their contents or any other changes or updates to them. This magazine is fully independent and
not affiliated in any way with the companies mentioned herein.

F U T U R E Connectors.

Creators.

Experience

Makers.
Future plc is a public Chief executive Zillah Byng-Thorne
company quoted on the Non-executive chairman Richard Huntingford
London Stock Exchange Chief financial officer Penny Ladkin-Brand

(symbol: FUTR)

wwwfuturepic.com Tel [phone]

Dp

ALL ABOUT

CT

ook

For press freedom

with responsibility

Widely
Recycled
]

J

08s

22

28

34

38

42

50

How was the
West won?

From Jefferson to Geronimo,
discover the wars, people and
events that moved the American
frontier to the west

From revolution
to rebirth

The American Revolution turned
a group of strong-willed European
colonies into a federation of
(largely) independent states

Discovering the
American West

They ventured across the country
through unknown terrain, facing
danger and discovery at every
turn. This is the vast journey of
Lewis and Clark

Mountain men
Join the hardy pioneers who lived
and died in the wilderness beyond
the western frontier

eo
A promised land
During the days of westward
expansion, a Great Awakening of
religious fervour swept through
the American frontier

From sea to
shining sea

After the Treaty of Paris ended
hostilities with the British in 1783,
Americans looked West to expand
their new nation

The Indian
Removal Act

President Andrew Jackson's
controversial legislation removed
tens of thousands of Native
Americans from their own land.
The exodus became known as the
Trail of Tears

56

60

66

72

78

80

86

es oe e
Riding the trail
Journalist and politician Horace
Greeley famously stated “Go West,
young man.” He had no idea just
how arduous and dangerous a
trip he was suggesting

American
conqueror

Meet the forgotten eleventh
president who shaped the United
States into a continental giant —
but hastened its fall into civil war

The state made
of gold

How one man’s accidental
discovery of gold would go on to
change the face of the Californian
landscape forever

How the path
to the West led
to war

As the United States spread
westward, one question divided
the nation: would the new states
be Slave States or Free States?

The Homestead
Acts

The Homestead Acts hastened the
settlement of the American West,
creating new opportunities for
some and issues for others

Fight for
survival

Native Americans fought
desperately to retain their way of
life in the face of encroachment
onto their lands by white settlers

The taming
of the West

Discover how railways and barbed
wire transformed the frontier into
America's heartland

ye
92

The hunt for
Billy the Kid

The iconic Wild West story is
fraught with embellishment and
myth. What was the real history of
the hunt that made the legendary
lawman Pat Garrett?

100 Wyatt Earp’s

112

120

128

132

136

138

e
wild west
Wyatt Earp took the law into his
own hands and became a hunted
outlaw himself

Closing of
the frontier

When the director of the US
Census Bureau announced the
‘closing of the frontier’ in 1890, the
Wild West lost its wildness

Dealing with the
Native problem

The frontier had a problem - Native
Americans. But Richard Henry
Pratt had a plan: turn them into
white Americans

Was the West
so wild?

Over the past 150 years, the Wild
West has been depicted as a
lawless, violent place - but why,
and was it really so bad?

The original
wolves of
Wall Street

The USA has always held
competitive capitalism in high
regard, but at one time its entire
economy was taken hostage by a
few opportunistic men

FJ Turner

Frederick Jackson Turner argued
that the Frontier was to thank for
forming the character of America
and its people

“Other Wests
than ours”

The Wild West is more than an
American phenomenon: from
Russia to Canada, vast landscapes
and greed have shaped identities

al

mms =
—— a =

HOW WAS
THE WILD |:
WEST WON?”

From Jefferson to Geronimo, discover the wars, people
) | and events that moved the American frontier west
- sr) during the 19th century
° ie oa
1 Ae ees ie

HOW WAS THE WILD WEST:WON?

hi

a

i 8May1820

24 August 1812
12 February 1809

O ‘
"| 23September 1806 | | 16September1810 & SSS SS SSS SS SSS SSS

20 June 1819

A ee

27September1821 >%..
L

- Bonneville on

Washington, DC St Louis, Missouri

President Andrew Jackson was an ardent believer Benjamin Bonneville left Missouri in May 1832 with 110 men and orders from John
in manifest destiny, the idea that the USA should Jacob Astor to establish a new fur trapping operation to rival the Hudson's Bay
expand into the west, but the inconvenient truth Company. The expedition trekked across present-day Wyoming, Idaho, Nevada
was that Native American tribes already occupied and Oregon and a secondary party discovered a route along the Humboldt River
much of the land he coveted. His solution was and across the Sierra Nevada to California. Bonneville may have been laying the a
the Indian Removal Act, which allowed the groundwork for a possible invasion of California, then part of Mexico, and the path
president to negotiate with tribes to move west he discovered was eventually used as the primary route to the gold fields during
of the Mississippi in exchange for their ancestral _ the California Gold Rush. However, the expedition failed in its primary aim to
lands in the east. The act was controversial and trap beaver fur - the Hudson's Bay Company refused to allow their traders to do
narrowly passed the House of Representatives; it business with Bonneville and many Native Americans also refused them.

was particularly opposed by Christian missionaries. ‘ ;
However, Jackson was blunt - he saw the demise p 5

of the Native American tribes as inevitable, a |

| Davy Crockett loses his seat in the Congressional ee

judgement sadly proven true. ;
Election after opposing the Indian Removal Act

Tennessee ©
_ ThomasJeffersondies : ae
onIndependenceDay _ Trail of Tears
Monticello, Virginia Wiice issippi
er ae The first tribe displaced by the Indian
I » Removal Act was the Choctaw nation,

q who agreed to give up 11 million

i acres of ancestral land in Mississippi
in exchange for 15 million acres in
Oklahoma. It was agreed that the
Choctaw would gather in November
1831 at Memphis and Vicksburg to
be relocated. However, conditions
“4, were harsh and the US government

. did little to relieve Choctaw suffering.

Flash floods prevented any travel by
wagon and rivers were clogged up
with ice. Rations were limited toa
handful of boiled corn, one turnip and
two cups of heated water per day, and
incompetent guides got the Choctaw
lost in the Lake Providence swamps. Of
17,000 Choctaws who left Mississippi,
up to 6,000 died en route on a trek
described by a tribal chief as a “trail of
tears and death”. However, few lessons
were learned and the removals of
the Chickasaw, Creek, Seminole and
Cherokee tribes would also turn into
death marches.