Table Of ContentLecture Notes in Computer Science 7714
CommencedPublicationin1973
FoundingandFormerSeriesEditors:
GerhardGoos,JurisHartmanis,andJanvanLeeuwen
EditorialBoard
DavidHutchison
LancasterUniversity,UK
TakeoKanade
CarnegieMellonUniversity,Pittsburgh,PA,USA
JosefKittler
UniversityofSurrey,Guildford,UK
JonM.Kleinberg
CornellUniversity,Ithaca,NY,USA
AlfredKobsa
UniversityofCalifornia,Irvine,CA,USA
FriedemannMattern
ETHZurich,Switzerland
JohnC.Mitchell
StanfordUniversity,CA,USA
MoniNaor
WeizmannInstituteofScience,Rehovot,Israel
OscarNierstrasz
UniversityofBern,Switzerland
C.PanduRangan
IndianInstituteofTechnology,Madras,India
BernhardSteffen
TUDortmundUniversity,Germany
MadhuSudan
MicrosoftResearch,Cambridge,MA,USA
DemetriTerzopoulos
UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,CA,USA
DougTygar
UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,CA,USA
GerhardWeikum
MaxPlanckInstituteforInformatics,Saarbruecken,Germany
Kurt Vanmechelen Jörn Altmann
Omer F. Rana (Eds.)
Economics of Grids,
Clouds, Systems,
and Services
9th International Conference, GECON 2012
Berlin, Germany, November 27-28, 2012
Proceedings
1 3
VolumeEditors
KurtVanmechelen
UniversityofAntwerp
DepartmentofMathematicsandComputerScience
Middelheimlaan1,2020Antwerp,Belgium
E-mail:[email protected]
JörnAltmann
SeoulNationalUniversity,CollegeofEngineering
DepartmentofIndustrialEngineering,
TechnologyManagement,Economics,andPolicyProgram
599Gwanak-Ro,Gwanak-Gu,Seoul151-744,SouthKorea
E-mail:[email protected]
OmerF.Rana
CardiffUniversity
SchoolofComputerScience
Queen’sBuildings,NewportRoad,Cardiff,CF243AA,UK
E-mail:[email protected]
ISSN0302-9743 e-ISSN1611-3349
ISBN978-3-642-35193-8 e-ISBN978-3-642-35194-5
DOI10.1007/978-3-642-35194-5
SpringerHeidelbergDordrechtLondonNewYork
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2012952398
CRSubjectClassification(1998):C.2.4,K.4.4,H.4,H.3,H.5,J.1
LNCSSublibrary:SL5–ComputerCommunicationNetworksandTelecommuni-
cations
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Preface
The way in which IT resources and services are being provisioned is currently
in flux. Advances in distributed systems technology have allowed for the provi-
sioning of services on an unprecedented scale and with increasing flexibility. At
the same time, business andacademiahavestartedto embracea modelwherein
third-party servicesthat canbe acquiredwith minimal service providerinterac-
tion replace or complement those that are managed internally.
Organizations have only started to grasp the economic implications of this
evolution.As a globalmarketfor infrastructure,platform, andsoftwareservices
emerges, the need to understand and deal with these implications is quickly
growing. In addition, a multitude of new challenges arise. These are inherently
multidisciplinary and relate to aspects such as the operation and structure of
the service market, trust, the alignment of cost, revenue and quality-related
objectives when taking on a service consumer or provider role, and the creation
of innovative business models and value chains.
The 9th International Conference on Economics of Grids, Clouds, Systems,
and Services, which has been held in Berlin, brought together researchers and
practitioners in the areas of economics, business administration, and computer
science who have thoroughly investigated the economics-related issues and so-
lutions associatedwith these developments and challenges.This volume collects
the detailed reports on their findings.
For this year’s event, we received over 36 submissions, showing the grow-
ing success of GECON and its solid position in this interdisciplinary research
landscape. Each submission was assessed by three to five reviewers of the In-
ternationalProgramCommittee. The structure of this volume follows the seven
sessions that comprised the conference program (two of which comprise work-
in-progress papers):
– Session A: Market Mechanisms, Pricing, and Negotiation
– Session B: Resource Allocation, Scheduling, and Admission Control
– Session C: Work in Progress on Tools and Techniques for Cost-Efficient
Service Selection
– Session D: Market Modeling
– Session E: Trust
– Session F: Cloud Computing in Education
– Session G: Work in Progresson Cloud Adoption and Business Models
For these seven sessions, 18 contributions were selected from all submissions.
Twelve of those 18 contributions were marked as full papers. Six papers were
integratedinthevolumeasshorterwork-in-progresspapers.Theacceptancerate
of full papers was 33%.
VI Preface
SessionAcomprisedthreepapersonmarketmechanisms,pricing,andnegoti-
ation.ThefirstpaperbyEdwinYaqub,RaminYahyapour,PhilippWieder,and
KuanLuentitled“AProtocolDevelopmentFrameworkforSLANegotiationsin
CloudandServiceComputing”presentsadomain-independentframeworkbased
on a protocol development lifecycle, comprising four phases (modeling, verifica-
tion, rule-based implementation, and generic execution). The authors demon-
strate the workings of their framework by introducing a bilateral negotiation
protocol, showing that it is well-formed, deterministic, and deadlock-free, and
analyzing its correctness and state space scalability. The second contribution,
“The Use of ProvisionPoint Contracts for Improving Cloud Infrastructure Uti-
lization,” by OwenRogers and Dave Cliff focuses on a pricing method for cloud
computing that allows providers to schedule virtual machines more efficiently
through the use of provision point contracts (PPCs). They demonstrate an in-
crease in server utilization and a reduction of costs that arise from the use of
such contracts. The final contribution of this session is by Felipe D´ıaz, Elias
Doumith,SawsanAlZahr,andMauriceGagnaireentitled“AnEconomicAgent
MaximizingCloudProviderRevenuesUnderaPay-as-you-BookPricingModel.”
It offers a solution to the resource provisioning problem for advance reservation
under the pay-as-you-book pricing model by handling the extra time required
by some jobs at a higher price on a best-effort basis.
Session B is centered on papers that deal with resource allocation, schedul-
ing, and admission control. The first of the three papers is by Wim Depoorter,
Kurt Vanmechelen, and Jan Broeckhove entitled “Economic Co-Allocation and
Advance Reservation of Network and Computational Resources in Grids.” It
presents ENARA, a novel economic resource management system with advance
reservation and co-allocation support for both network and computational re-
sources. The authors demonstrate that ENARA can significantly increase the
user value realized by the infrastructure compared to traditional resource man-
agementsystems,andpresentnovelapproachestopricingbothnetworkandcom-
putationalresources.ThesubsequentcontributionbyRafaelTolosana-Calasanz,
Jos´eA´ngelBan˜ares,CongducPham,andOmerF.Ranaentitled“QoS-adaptive
ResourceManagementonSharedCloudsforHeterogenousBurstyDataStreams”
describes an infrastructurefor supporting QoSfor concurrentdata streams.Us-
ing profitmaximizationas the provider’sobjective,streamsare only acceptedif
they improve the overall revenue. The last contribution, “The ISQoS Grid Bro-
kerforTemporalandBudgetGuarantees,”whichhasbeenauthoredbyRichard
Kavanaghand Karim Djemame, introduces a broker for ensuring completion of
jobswithintimeandbudgetaryconstraints.Theauthorsalsoanalyzethestabil-
ityofpricesinsuchascheme,focusingontheimpactofreschedulingapproaches
in this regard.
Session C, which comprises work-in-progresspapers on tools and techniques
for cost-efficient service selection, starts with the contribution of Ulrich Lampe,
Melanie Siebenhaar,RonnyHans,Dieter Schuller,andRalfSteinmetz. “Letthe
CloudsCompute:Cost-EfficientWorkloadDistributioninInfrastructureClouds”
proposesanexactandaheuristic-basedoptimizationapproachtocost-efficiently
Preface VII
allocate resources for task execution across different cloud providers.The paper
quantifiesboththeperformanceoftheseapproachesandtheircost-efficiency.The
second contribution by Miranda Zhang, Rajiv Ranjan, Surya Nepal, Michael
Menzel, and Armin Haller entitled “A Declarative Recommender System for
Cloud Infrastructure Services Selection” presents a declarative approach for se-
lecting cloud-based infrastructure services. The authors analyze the effective-
ness and scalability of their approach, presenting a service configuration selec-
tion experiment incorporating offerings from Amazon, Azure, and GoGrid. The
third and last contribution in this session is authored by Spyridon V. Gogou-
vitis, Gregory Katsaros,Dimosthenis Kyriazis, Athanasios Voulodimos, Roman
Talyansky,andTheodoraVarvarigouandisentitled“Retrieving,Storing,Corre-
lating and Distributing Information for Cloud Management.” This contribution
describes a service management architecture and focuses on the corresponding
information model that supports this architecture.
Session D consists of two papers on market modeling. The first contribution
byJo¨rnKu¨nsem¨ollerandHolgerKarlentitled“OnLocalSeparationofProcess-
ingandStorageinInfrastructure-as-a-Service”investigatesthemarketsuccessof
separateprocessingandstoragefacilitiescomparedtoacombinedapproach.The
resultsshowthatstablemarketconstellationswithseparateservice-specificfacil-
ities arepossible.The secondcontributionbyNetsanetHaile andJo¨rnAltmann
entitled “Value Creation in IT Service Platforms Through Two-Sided Network
Effects” analyzes the value creation through service platforms for application
users,servicedevelopers,andasingle-platformprovider.Theirsimulationresults
demonstrate that the profit of service developers is relatively low compared to
the profitofaplatformprovider,indicatingthe riskthatservicedevelopersstop
using the service platform for offering their services.
Session E focuses on trust in cloud computing markets. Mario Mac´ıas and
Jordi Guitart first propose a decentralized approach to the realization of a rep-
utation system for cloud environments. In “Cheat-ProofTrust Model for Cloud
Computing Markets,” they apply statistical analysis to detect dishonest behav-
ior in peers andvalidate their model in different settings throughsimulation. In
“Trust Factors for the Usage of Cloud Computing in Small and Medium-Sized
Craft Enterprises,” Holger Kett, Harriet Kasper, Ju¨rgen Falkner, and Anette
Weisbecker subsequently report on the importance of different factors of trust
fromanSMEbusinessperspective.Theiranalysisisbasedonaliteraturereview
and a survey-based study among SMEs with over 350 respondents.
Session F deals with the adoption of cloud computing in education. “A Cost
Analysis of Cloud Computing For Education,” by Fernando Koch, Marcos As-
suncao,andMarcoNettofocusesonthecostefficiencyofthreedifferentresource
allocationstrategies,with one strategyspecifically tailoredto the domainofed-
ucation. The authors analyze these strategies in terms of quality-of-service and
cost metrics and the interrelation between both. A second contribution in this
session“DeliveringCloudServiceswithQoSRequirements:An Opportunityfor
ICTSMEs,”byAlfonsoQuarati,DanieleD’Agostino,AntonellaGalizia,Matteo
Mangini,andAndreaClematis,evaluatestheperformanceofabrokerforhybrid
VIII Preface
clouds in the context of serving e-learning coursesin virtual classroomsand the
deliveryofarisk-assessmentservice.The advantagesanddisadvantagesofthree
allocation policies are evaluated in this regard.
Thefinalsessionoftheconferenceprogramincludesworkinprogressoncloud
adoption and business models. Francesco Novelli reports on the phases that
software companies go through when transitioning from an on-premise to on-
demand delivery model, the organizationalissues raised as a result of that, and
the advisability for such a transition. Although the paper, entitled, “A Mixed-
Methods Research Approach to Investigate the Transition from On-Premise to
On-Demand Software Delivery” is currently based on a limited number of real-
worldprovidersthatwenttothistransition,itprovidesavaluableinsightinthese
issues.In“TowardsaFederatedCloudEcosystem:EnablingManagedCloudSer-
viceConsumption,”DirkThatmann,MathiasSlawik,SebastianZickauandAxel
Ku¨pper report on the adoption of cloud computing in the health sector. They
describe an architecture and proof-of-concept implementation of a cloud proxy
to deal with the strict compliance constraints and trust issues that are preva-
lent in this sector. Finally, Monika Kaczmarek and Agata Filipowska present
“BusinessModels for Semantic ContentProviders,”in whichthey reportonthe
differentoffering,revenue,andcustomermodelsthataretobe consideredinthe
semantic content domain.
As we received a significantly higher number of submissions this year, the
reviewing process was backed by a reinforced Program Committee. Therefore,
we would especially like to thank our long-term committee members, as well as
ourtennewcommitteemembersforcompletingtheirreviewsontimeandgiving
valuablefeedbacktotheauthors.Wewouldalsoliketoextendourthankstothe
TechnicalUniversity of Berlinfor hosting this edition of GECON. Furthermore,
wewouldliketoexpressourgratitudetowardAlfredHofmannfromSpringerfor
his support in publishing the GECON proceedingsunder this year’schallenging
time constraints.
November 2012 Kurt Vanmechelen
Jo¨rn Altmann
Omer F. Rana
Matthias Hovestadt
Organization
GECON 2012 was organized by the Technology Management, Economics, and
Policy Program at Seoul National University, the Department of Mathematics
and Computer Science at the University of Antwerp, the School of Computer
Science at Cardiff University, and the Department of Complex and Distributed
Systems at the Technical University of Berlin.
Executive Committee
Chairs
Jo¨rn Altmann Seoul National University, South Korea
Matthias Hovestadt Technical University of Berlin, Germany
Kurt Vanmechelen University of Antwerp, Belgium
Omer F. Rana Cardiff University, UK
Program Committee
Ashraf Bany Mohammed University of Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
Hermant K. Bhargava UC Davis, USA
Ivona Brandic Technical University of Vienna, Austria
Rajkumar Buyya University of Melbourne, Australia
Jeremy Cohen Imperial College, London
Gheorghe Cosmin Silaghi Babes-BolyaiUniversity, Romania
Costas Courcoubetis Athens University of Economics and Business,
Greece
Karim Djemame University of Leeds, UK
Torsten Eymann University of Bayreuth, Germany
Thomas Fahringer University of Innsbruck, Austria
Saurabh Garg IBM Research, Australia
Wolfgang Gentzsch DEISA, EU
Thomas Hess Ludwig-Maximilians-Universita¨tMu¨nchen,
Germany
Chun-Hsi Huang University of Connecticut, USA
Bahman Javadi University of Western Sydney, Australia
Odej Kao Technical University of Berlin, Germany
Kibae Kim Technical University of Braunschweig,Germany
Stefan Kirn University of Hohenheim, Germany
Tobias A. Knoch Erasmus University, The Netherlands
Bastian Koller HLRS, Germany
Harald Kornmayer DHBW Mannheim, Germany
X Organization
Dimosthenis Kyriazis National Technical University of Athens, Greece
Richard T.B. Ma National University of Singapore, Singapore
Jysoo Lee KISTI, South Korea
Dan Ma Singapore Management University, Singapore
Steven Miller Singapore Management University, Singapore
Marco A.S. Netto IBM Research, Brazil
Dirk Neumann University of Freiburg, Germany
Karsten Oberle Alcatel-Lucent Bell Labs, Germany
Dang Minh Quan CREATE-NET, Italy
Rajiv Ranjan University of Melbourne, Australia
Peter Reichl Telecommunications Research Center Vienna,
Austria
Rizos Sakellariou University of Manchester, UK
Satoshi Sekiguchi AIST, Japan
Arunabha Sen Arizona State University, USA
Katarina Stanoevska University of St.Gallen, Switzerland
Burkhard Stiller University of Zurich, Switzerland
Bruno Tuffin IRISA/INRIA, France
Dora Varvarigou National Technical University of Athens, Greece
Gabriele von Voigt University of Hannover, Germany
Stefan Wesner HLRS, Germany
Phillip Wieder GWDG, University of Go¨ttingen, Germany
Ramin Yahyapour GWDG, University of Go¨ttingen, Germany
Wolfgang Ziegler Fraunhofer Institute SCAI, Germany
Steering Committee
Jo¨rn Altmann Seoul National University, South Korea
Kurt Vanmechelen University of Antwerp, Belgium
Rajkumar Buyya University of Melbourne, Australia
Thomas Fahringer University of Innsbruck, Austria
Hing-Yan Lee National Grid Office, Singapore
Jysoo Lee KISTI, South Korea
Steven Miller Singapore Management University, Singapore
Dirk Neumann University of Freiburg, Germany
Omer F. Rana Cardiff University, UK
Sponsoring Institutions
Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
University of Cardiff, Cardiff, UK
University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
Technical University of Berlin, Germany
Springer LNCS, Heidelberg, Germany
Table of Contents
Session A: Market Mechanisms, Pricing and
Negotiation
A Protocol Development Framework for SLA Negotiations in Cloud
and Service Computing ........................................... 1
Edwin Yaqub, Ramin Yahyapour, Philipp Wieder, and Kuan Lu
The Use of Provision Point Contracts for Improving Cloud
Infrastructure Utilisation.......................................... 16
Owen Rogers and Dave Cliff
An Economic Agent Maximizing Cloud Provider Revenues under a
Pay-as-you-BookPricing Model.................................... 29
Felipe D´ıaz Sa´nchez, Elias A. Doumith, Sawsan Al Zahr, and
Maurice Gagnaire
Session B: Resource Allocation, Scheduling and
Admission Control
Economic Co-allocation and Advance Reservation of Network and
Computational Resources in Grids ................................. 46
Wim Depoorter, Kurt Vanmechelen, and Jan Broeckhove
Revenue-Based Resource Management on Shared Clouds for
Heterogenous Bursty Data Streams................................. 61
Rafael Tolosana-Calasanz, Jos´e A´ngel Ban˜ares, Congduc Pham, and
Omer F. Rana
The ISQoS Grid Broker for Temporal and Budget Guarantees ......... 76
Richard Kavanagh and Karim Djemame
Session C: Work-in-Progress on Tools and Techniques
for Cost-Efficient Service Selection
Let the Clouds Compute: Cost-Efficient Workload Distribution in
Infrastructure Clouds............................................. 91
Ulrich Lampe, Melanie Siebenhaar, Ronny Hans,
Dieter Schuller, and Ralf Steinmetz
