Economic Policy in the Peruvian Amazonian

22 Pages·2015·7.43 MB·English

ADLAF JAHRESTAGUNG 2014
Globalisierte Naturen –lateinamerikanische Perspektiven
INCIDENCE OF ECONOMIC POLICIES IN
TRANSFORMATION OF THE PERUVIAN AMAZON
IN AN INDUSTRIAL LANDSCAPE
Lucila Pautrat 2014
Berlín, Germany
THE CONTEXT: PERÚ
• Economic Growth (June 2014): 4 % of GDP
• Main Activities: Oil & Metal mining
• 30 % of the population live in poverty and
12 % in extreme poverty
• One of the 8 mega-biodiverse countries in
the world
• 70 millions hectares of tropical forests in
the Amazon Basin
• 3.5 million inhabitants in the Amazon
(13% of the country population)
• 1,509 indigenous communities
THE AMAZON BASIN High global importance. 7 millions km2
(40% South America’s area)
The largest tropical rainforest on
the planet, and the most important
river system in terms of flow
Provides livelihood to 30
million people in 8 countries,
including more than 350 ethnic
groups and indigenous peoples
Food and energy for
more than 60% of the
Amazon population
The main global system of carbon
Environmental goods and services of sequestration, and a megabiodiversity
economic, industrial, commercial, social, areas. Regulate ecological and large-
cultural, ethical and aesthetic value scale climate processes.

OTHER CAUSES:
•Increase in global demand for natural resources and energy sources by
industrialized countries and emerging economies
• Weakness of environmental regulation and social standards
• Fluctuations of international prices of metals and hydrocarbons
• Consolidation of a primary exports-based market economy,
•Inefficiency of public administration to promote equitable and sustainable
development at regional and local levels;
•Financial speculation and money laundering from narcotraffic and other illicit
activities
•Influence peddling from business groups and corruption regarding the economic
occupation of the Amazon territory
MACROECONOMIC AND INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS IMPLEMENTED
BETWEEN 1990 – 2000:
• Sought to pacify the country, stabilize the economy, build trust and promote a
favorable climate for investment
• The Peruvian State adhered to the guidelines of discipline and fiscal reforms of
the Washington Consensus
Institutional Reforms:
• Adoption of a new Political Constitution of Peru (1993).
• The creation of the National Tax Administration - SUNAT, and reform the tax
system
• The reform of the Comptroller General of the Republic, the Constitutional
Tribunal, the Judiciary, among others.
International financial institutions (IMF, WB and IDB) prioritized lines of credit
and assistance in infrastructure and energy projects.
From small-scale concentrated deforestation
Slash & burn Illegal logging Soil and slopes erosion,
To Large-scale industrial deforestation
FUEL GAS PROJECT
DEFORESTATION
2005: 7’171,554 ha
2014: Unknown
-Informal settlement
-Illegal crops of coca leaves
- Illegal gold mining
- Oil and energy infrastructure
PROJECTED INVESTMENT POLICIES: 2012 - 2016
PERÚ: ECONOMIC GROWTH (% GDP) - 2014