Economic History of Ulster, 1820-1939

264 Pages·1986·10.453 MB·English

by  Liam Kennedy (editor), Philip Ollerenshaw (editor)

NUNC COCNOSCO EX PARTE
THOMAS J. BATA LIBRARY
TRENT UNIVERSITY

Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2019 with funding from
Kahle/Austin Foundation
https://archive.org/details/economichistoryo0000unse_w1b3
AN ECONOMIC HISTORY OF ULSTER,
1820-1940
To the memory of
E. R. R. GREEN
AN
ECONOMIC HISTORY
OF ULSTER, 1820-1940
EDITED BY
Liam Kennedy and
Philip Ollerenshaw
m
V
Manchester
University Press
Copyright © Manchester University Press 1985
Whilst copyright in the volume as a whole is vested in
Manchester University Press, copyright in the individual
chapters belongs to their respective authors, and no chapter
may be reproduced whole or in part without the express
permission of both author and publisher.
Published by
Manchester University Press
Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
and 51 Washington Street, Dover, N.H. 03820, U.S.A.
British Library cataloguing in publication data
An economic history of Ulster, 1820-1939.
1. Northern Ireland — Economic conditions
I. Kennedy, Liam II. Ollerenshaw, Philip
330.9416’08 HC257.N58
ISBN 0-7190-1750-5
Library of Congress cataloging in publication data
The economic history of Ulster, 1820-1939.
Bibliography: p. 241
Includes index.
1. Ulster (Northern Ireland and Ireland) —
Economic conditions — Addresses, essays,
lectures. 2. Northern Ireland — Economic
conditions — Addresses, essays, lectures.
I. Kennedy, Liam, 1946- . II. Ollerenshaw,
Philip (Philip Gordon), 1953- .
HC260.5.Z7U474 1985 330.9416 84-26079
ISBN 0-7190-1750-5
Printed in Great Britain
by Bell & Bain, Glasgow
CONTENTS
1 THE RURAL ECONOMY, 1820-1914 page 1
IJam Kennedy, Lecturer in Economic and Social
History, The Queen’s University of Belfast
2 INDUSTRY, 1820-1914 62
Philip Ollerenshaw, Lecturer in History, University
of Ulster
3 TRANSPORT, 1820-1914 109
W.A. McCutcheon, Former Director, Ulster Museum,
Belfast
4 POPULATION CHANGE AND URBANISATION,
1821-1911 137
L. A. Clarkson, Professor of Social History, The Queen’s
University of Belfast
5 INDUSTRIAL LABOUR AND THE LABOUR
MOVEMENT, 1820-1914 158
Henry Patterson, Lecturer in Politics, University of
Ulster
6 THE NORTHERN IRELAND ECONOMY, 1914-39 184
D.S. Johnson, Lecturer in Economic and Social
History, The Queen’s University of Belfast
7 THE ECONOMIC HISTORY OF ULSTER:
A PERSPECTIVE 224
John Othick, Lecturer in Economic and Social
History, The Queen’s University of Belfast
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY 241
INDEX OF PLACES 243
INDEX OF SUBJECTS 246
TABLES AND MAPS
Tables
1.1 The spatial distribution of the Ulster textile labour force, 1821 1901 page 12
1.2 The swing from tillage to pasture in Ulster, 1851-1913 19
1.3 Landholding in Ulster and Ireland, 1851 and 1911 21
1.4 Forms of payment for labour in Ulster, c. 1834 34
1.5 The absolute size and proportion of the male labour force in
agriculture in the years 1851, 1881 and 1911 45
2.1 Flax-spinning mills in Ulster, 1839-71 71
2.2 Power-loom weaving factories in Ulster, 1850-75 75
2.3 Spinning mills and power-weaving factories in the Irish linen
industry, 1859-68 78
2.4 The Belfast Flax Spinning Company, 1886-97 81
2.5 Registered tonnage and vessels cleared at Belfast, 1840-1900 89
2.6 Approximate output of two Belfast shipbuilders, 1885-1912 95
2.7 Northern Bank deposits and current accounts, 28 January 1860 100
4.1 Population change in Ireland and in Ulster, 1821-1911 138
4.2 The population of Ulster by counties, 1821-1911 139
4.3 The urban population of Ulster, 1821-1911 140
4.4 Demographic variables, Ulster, 1851-1911 145
4.5 Recorded and estimated emigration rates from Ulster counties,
1851-1911 146
4.6 County and urban death-rates in Ulster, 1864-1911 148
4.7 County and urban birth-rates in Ulster, 1864-1911 149
4.8 Births per thousand married women aged 15-44 150
4.9 Proportion of Roman Catholics and other denominations, 1861 - 1911 155
4.10 Components of population change in Ulster, 1841-51 156
5.1 Proportionate distribution of population by general occupational
category, northern and southern Ireland, 1881 159
5.2 Employment in certain Belfast metal trades, 1851-1911 164
5.3 Average earnings of operatives working full time in the last pay
week of September 1906 165
5.4 Some weekly wage rates in Belfast, 1886 167
6.1 Prices and the cost of living in Ireland, 1914-29 186
6.2 Output, exports and employment in the linen industry, 1912-51 195
6.3 The main farm products in Northern Ireland, 1924-35 198
6.4 Indices of numbers of insured persons aged 16-64 in employment,
1923-37 200
6.5 Persons per room in the United Kingdom, 1926-37 210
Maps
1 The province of Ulster viii
2 Canals and navigable waterways of Ulster 116
3 Railway network of Northern Ireland at its greatest extent (1922) 119
4 Urban population change in Ulster, 1841-1911 141