Table Of ContentEconomic and
Management Perspectives
on Intellectual Property
Rights
Edited by
Carine Peeters and
Bruno van Pottelsberghe de la Potterie
Applied Econometrics Association Series
General Editors: Jean H. P. Paelinck, Emeritus Professor, Erasmus University,
Rotterdam; and Henri Serbat, University of Paris 2.
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Titles include:
Françoise Bourdon and Jean Bourdon (editors)
WAGE ECONOMETRICS AND MODELLING
Fabrizio Carlevaro and Jean-Baptiste Lesourt (editors)
MEASURING AND ACCOUNTING ENVIRONMENTAL NUISANCES
AND SERVICES
Arthur Getis, Jesús Mur and Henry G. Zoller (editors)
SPATIAL ECONOMETRICS AND SPATIAL STATISTICS
Siv S. Gustafsson and Danièle E. Meulders (editors)
GENDER AND THE LABOUR MARKET
Econometric Evidence of Obstacles to Achieving Gender Equality
Hans Heijke and Joan Muysken (editors)
EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN A KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMY
Pavlos Karadeloglou (editor)
EXCHANGE-RATE POLICY IN EUROPE
Sandrine Lardic and Valérie Mignon (editors)
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS ON EXCHANGE RATES
Danièle Meulders, Robert Plasman and Francois Rycz (editors)
MINIMUM WAGES, LOW PAY AND UNEMPLOYMENT
Carine Peeters and Bruno van Pottelsberghe de la Potterie (editors)
ECONOMIC AND MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVES ON INTELLECTUAL
PROPERTY RIGHTS
Emile Quinet and Roger Vickerman (editors)
THE ECONOMETRICS OF MAJOR TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURES
Philippe Thalmann and Milad Zarin-Nejadan (editors)
CONSTRUCTION AND REAL ESTATE DYNAMICS
Applied Econometrics Association
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Economic and
Management Perspectives
on Intellectual Property
Rights
Edited by
Carine Peeters
and
Bruno van Pottelsberghe de la Potterie
© Applied Econometrics Association 2006
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2006 978-1-4039-4963-9
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Contents
List of Tables viii
List of Figures xi
Notes on the Contributors xii
Introduction: Advanced Research Findings and Fields for
Further Research in Economics and Management of
Intellectual Property 1
Part I Patent Value
1 The Battle for Patent Rights 21
Dietmar Harhoff
1.1 Introduction 21
1.2 Patent Opposition at the EPO 23
1.3 Theoretical Considerations 25
1.4 Empirical Results on the Determinants of
Opposition Activity 28
1.5 Organizational Capabilities and Patent
Documentation – the Internationale
Dokumentationsgesellschaft für Chemie GmbH 34
1.6 Implications and Further Research 37
2 Intellectual Property, Competition and the Value
of UK Firms 40
Christine Greenhalgh and Mark Rogers
2.1 Introduction 40
2.2 Data Overview 41
2.3 Competitive Conditions 47
2.4 Conclusions 52
3 Business Method Patents and Venture Capital
Investment Decisions 58
Robert H. Pitkethly
3.1 Introduction 58
3.2 Methodology 62
3.3 Data Collection 65
3.4 Discussion 74
3.5 Conclusion 77
v
vi Contents
Part II Knowledge Transfer and Intellectual
Property Systems
4 Open Science and University Patenting: A Bibliometric
Analysis of the Italian Case 83
Stefano Breschi, Francesco Lissoni and Fabio Montobbio
4.1 Introduction 83
4.2 The Relationship Between Patenting and Publishing
at the Individual Level 84
4.3 Data and Descriptive Evidence 85
4.4 A Panel Data Analysis of Scientists’ Publication
Activity: The Effect of Patenting 93
4.5 Conclusions 98
5 Brain Drain and R&D Activities of Multinationals 104
Michele Cincera
5.1 Introduction 104
5.2 R&D Activities of MNEs 105
5.3 Data and Hypotheses 108
5.4 Empirical Findings 112
5.5 Conclusion 123
6 Do Stronger Intellectual Property Rights Induce
More Patents? 129
Sung Jin Kang and Hwan Joo Seo
6.1 Introduction 129
6.2 Empirical Evidence 131
6.3 Model Specification and Descriptive Statistics 132
6.4 Estimation Results of the Baseline Model 137
6.5 Estimation Results of the Extended Model 141
6.6 Conclusion 144
Part III Innovation Management and Intellectual
Property Rights
7 What Is Different about Innovation in Asia? 151
Arnoud De Meyer and Sam Garg
7.1 Introduction 151
7.2 The Research Project 152
7.3 What Did We Learn From the Case Files? 153
7.4 Confirming These Hypotheses Through
Large-Scale Survey 159
7.5 What Do We Do with These Results? 168
Contents vii
8 How Do the Speed, Science Linkage, Focus and
New Entry Matter in IT Inventions? 171
Sadao Nagaoka
8.1 Introduction 171
8.2 Overview of the Firm-level R&D Performance
and its Determinants 174
8.3 Econometric Specification and Data 179
8.4 Estimation Results 181
8.5 Evaluation of the Sources of the Invention
Performance of Firms by Regions 189
8.6 Conclusions 191
9 Complex Innovation Strategies and Patenting Behaviour 199
Carine Peeters and Bruno van Pottelsberghe
de la Potterie
9.1 Introduction 199
9.2 Literature Background 201
9.3 Theoretical Framework 203
9.4 Empirical Implementation 208
9.5 Empirical Results 213
9.6 Concluding Remarks 218
10 On the Relationship Between Patents and
Venture Capital 222
Astrid Romain and Bruno van Pottelsberghe de la Potterie
10.1 Introduction 222
10.2 Literature Review 223
10.3 Modelling the Amount of Venture Capital 226
10.4 Empirical Results 230
10.5 Concluding Remarks 233
Index 238
List of Tables
I.1 Disciplines and geographical scope of the ten chapters 2
1.1 Frequency and duration of EPO opposition
and appeal proceedings by technical area 24
1.2 Outcomes of opposition and appeal proceedings
by technical area 24
1.3 Patenting and opposition activity in cosmetics 30
1.4 Patenting and opposition activity in detergents 31
1.5 Summary of opposition performance measures
in cosmetics and detergents 33
2.1 Pavitt technological sectors 43
2.2 Market value regressions, by Pavitt category 46
2.3 Competitive conditions and the return to R&D,
by Pavitt sector 49
2.4 Market share and IP activity 51
3.1 Levels of finance 65
3.2 Stages of finance 66
3.3 Industry sectors 67
3.4 Significance of IPRs in investment decisions
by sector 69
3.5 Significance of lack of patent protection in
investment decisions by sector 70
3.6 Significance of patent applications in
investment decisions by sector 71
3.7 Significance of BMPs in investment decisions
by sector 72
4.1 University professors in Italy and academic
inventors in the selected fields 86
4.2 Distribution (%) of academic inventors by
number of patents and field 87
4.3 Ownership of academic inventors’ patents by type
of applicant and field; number of patents 88
4.4 Academic inventors, by frequency of invention
and field 90
4.5 Inventors versus control sample, publications
(mean values and distribution skewness);
by field and type of inventor, 1975–2003 91
viii
List of Tables ix
4.6 Results of the estimation of specification (1)
and (2), 1980–99 96
4.7 Results of the estimation of specification (3),
1980–99 98
4.A1 Disciplines (SSD) and fields; conversion table 100
5.1 List of variables for patent data 109
5.2 Hypotheses 110
5.3 Patents with Belgian inventors, share of foreign
applicants, 1983–99 112
5.4 Patents with Belgian inventors: origin of foreign
applicants (in %), 1983–99 113
5.5 Patents with Belgian inventors by technology
class, EPO applications by foreign
companies, 1983–99 114
5.6 Patents with Belgian inventors by technology
class, USPTO applications by Belgian subsidiaries
of foreign MNEs, 1983–99 114
5.7 Patents with Belgian inventors by technology
class, USPTO applications by foreign
companies, 1983–99 115
5.8 Scientific revealed comparative advantages based
on scientific publications and citations
per paper (1993–2003) 117
5.9 Patents with Belgian inventors: average number
of claims, average number of citations received
and number of self-citations 118
5.10 Emigration rate of population with tertiary
education (1990 and 2000) and EPO patents
(1987–9/1997–9) with domestic inventors
applied for by foreign applicants; EU-15(cid:2)100 120
5.11 Relationship between emigration rate of people
with tertiary education and internationalization
of R&D activities (share of foreign applicants in
patents with at least one domestic inventor) 121
5.12 Number of ‘new’ inventors in US patents applied
for by Belgian and foreign firms (1983–99) 122
5.13 Share of co-inventors by country of residence and
by type of applicants (Belgian firm, foreign subsidiary
and foreign firm), USPTO, 1983–99 122
6.1 Summary statistics 134
6.2 Correlation coefficients 137
