Ecological Footprints: Management, Reduction and Environmental Impacts

144 Pages·2022·5.87 MB·English

by  Armano Den Hartogh

Environmental Science, Engineering
and Technology

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Environmental Science, Engineering
and Technology

Ecological Footprints
Armano den Hartogh (Editor)
2022. ISBN: 978-1-68507-548-4 (Hardcover)

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Armano den Hartogh
Editor

Ecological Footprints

Management, Reduction and Environmental Impacts
Copyright © 2022 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52305/KJOY6010

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ISBN: (cid:28)(cid:26)(cid:27)(cid:16)(cid:20)(cid:16)(cid:25)(cid:27)(cid:24)(cid:19)(cid:26)(cid:16)(cid:25)(cid:19)(cid:28)(cid:16)(cid:21)(cid:11)(cid:72)(cid:37)(cid:82)(cid:82)(cid:78)(cid:12)

Published by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. † New York
Contents
Preface .......................................................................................... vii
Chapter 1 Applicability of the Ecological Footprint
to Urban Planning through the Analysis
of Urban Form Indicators .................................................1
Marisol Ugalde Monsalvo
and Claudia Yazmin Ortega Montoya
Chapter 2 Municipal Waste Reduction in a Third World
City with Special Emphasis on Organic Waste
Management through Anaerobic Biogas
Production in the Household Level:
A Case Study in Kochi City ............................................33
Athira Ravi and Subha Vishnudas
Chapter 3 Multi and Cross Spatial Scale Analysis
of Urban Ecological Footprints and Its
Application to Advance Urban Sustainability...............55
Meidad Kissinger
Chapter 4 Life Cycle Ecological Footprint
Reduction for a Residential Building .............................79
Dilawar Husain, Ansari Abu Usama,
Ismail Ansari A. S. A., Manish Sharma,
Akbar Ahmad and Ravi Prakash
Chapter 5 Ecological Footprint of Jatropha
Biodiesel Production at Low Scale ............................... 109
Dilawar Husain, Akbar Ahmad, Manish Sharma,
Kirti Tewari and Ravi Prakash
Index ......................................................................................... 127

Preface

In the present scenario of global climate change, ecological footprint analysis
is necessary for the development of more sustainable and environmentally
friendly ways of living. This book includes five chapters that explore various
aspects of ecological footprint analysis. Chapter one provides a platform that
relates and compares principles oriented towards reducing environmental
urban impacts through the analysis of urban form and empirical knowledge
about the applicability of ecological footprint as a tool for urban planning and
design. Chapter two focuses on the societal need to keep cities livable and
sustainable through appropriate waste management. Chapter three illustrates
how city authorities and residents can better understand their rate of
dependence upon and impact on the environment at various scales, realize
their vulnerability to overseas environmental changes, and suggest local action
or policy guidelines that may increase their urban sustainability. Chapter four
explores means for reducing the lifecycle ecological footprint of residential
buildings. Finally, chapter five includes an ecological footprint analysis of
jatropha biodiesel production at low scale.
Chapter 1 - Ecological footprint (EF) was developed by William Rees and
Malthis Wackernagel in 1992 as a tool to assess human impact on the Earth’s
resources. This approach can determine how much land and sea space is
needed to produce all the resources and goods that are consumed, as well as
the surface to absorb the waste that is generated using current technology. Its
unit of measurement is the hectare, and it is used for observing if different
sectors, activities, regions or people are consuming resources at an
unsustainable level. By its nature, EF has been applied extensively at
international, national and even regional scales, but its applicability as a tool
of design, planification and renovation of cities and at smaller scales is largely
unexplored. On these scales, EF has been associated with land consumption,
car dependency and urban sprawl leaving aside other characteristics of urban
form (UF). Is the material transformation of the city the beginning of
achieving economic, social and environmental transformations? Could EF be
viii Armano den Hartogh
a tool for the design, planning and renovation of cities at different scales? To
explore the answers to these questions, a pairwise analysis of UF indicators
and their relationship with the urban footprint is proposed: The first element
of each pair describes an attribute of the physical space of the city, while the
second one evaluates the effects of different morphological attributes on the
functions or dynamics of the city. For each urban concept, the following pairs
of indicators were selected: 1) urban growth/density, 2) urban
sprawl/agglomeration economies), 3) centrality/walkability), 4) fractal
dimension/spatial intensity and 5) proximity/land use. Different scales such as
the city, the neighborhood, the block and the plot or building were considered
for the analysis. Through the analysis of urban form and empirical knowledge
about the applicability of ecological footprint as a tool for urban planning and
urban design, a platform that relates and compares principles oriented towards
reducing environmental urban impacts is provided.
Chapter 2 - The article focuses on the societal need to keep the city livable
and sustainable. This will be more effective, if a physical accounting of the
human impacts in terms of land area, which is understandable to a common
man, is carried out in any management system. For this, a study of the tool
Ecological Footprint Analysis (EFA) and solutions to the solid waste
management issues in the residential areas of Kochi city through EFA are
attempted. The paper concludes that EFA can be used as an effective
environmental management tool to assess the sustainability issues of urban
areas and anaerobic biogas production from organic wastes in household level
is one of the effective method for organic waste management in urban areas.
Chapter 3 - In an urban world, human well-being and global sustainability
are connected to cities and the way they function. Cities have always been
dependent on ecological services from their local and regional hinterlands. In
recent decades, however, urban population growth and rising material
standards of living, in conjunction with technological development and
globalization, have compelled cities to become reliant on global hinterlands.
It follows that urban sustainability measures should target not only city and
regional lands, but also the sustainability of global hinterlands. ‘Ecological
Footprint Analysis’ (EF) emphasizes the importance of distant hinterlands in
the context of urban dependence on supporting lands. EF also enables
comparisons between current urban demands and available biophysical
carrying capacity, both regional and global. However, most footprint measures
do not tell us yet whether the impacts occur within the consuming country or
beyond it, nor do they account for the extent to which a city depends on a
certain resource from domestic sources or from abroad. By analyzing reliance