Ecohydraulics: An Integrated Approach

456 Pages·2013·14.368 MB·English

by  Ian Maddock, Atle Harby, Paul Kemp, Paul J. Wood

Ecohydraulics
ByIanMaddock:
ForKatherine,Ben,JoeandAlice.
ByAtleHarby:
DedicatedtoCathrine,SigurdandBrage.
ByPaulKemp:
DedicatedtoClare,Millie,NoahandFlorence.
ByPaulWood:
ForMaureen,ConnorandRyan.
Ecohydraulics
An Integrated Approach
EDITED BY
Ian Maddock
InstituteofScienceandtheEnvironment,UniversityofWorcester,UK
Atle Harby
SINTEFEnergyResearch,Trondheim,Norway
Paul Kemp
InternationalCentreforEcohydraulicsResearch,UniversityofSouthampton,UK
Paul Wood
DepartmentofGeography,LoughboroughUniversity,Leicestershire,UK
Thiseditionfirstpublished2013(cid:2)C 2013byJohnWiley&Sons,Ltd
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Maddock,Ian(IanPhilip)
Ecohydraulics:anintegratedapproach/IanMaddock,AtleHarby,PaulKemp,PaulWood.
pagescm
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-0-470-97600-5(cloth)
1.Ecohydrology. 2.Aquaticecology. 3.Wetlandecology. 4.Fishhabitat
improvement. 5.Streamconservation. I.Harby,Atle,1965– II.Kemp,Paul,1972–
III.Wood,PaulJ. IV.Title.
QH541.15.E19M332013
577.6–dc23
2013008534
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1 2013
Contents
ListofContributors,xi
1 Ecohydraulics:AnIntroduction,1
IanMaddock,AtleHarby,PaulKempandPaulWood
1.1 Introduction,1
1.2 Theemergenceofecohydraulics,2
1.3 Scopeandorganisationofthisbook,4
References,4
PartI MethodsandApproaches
2 IncorporatingHydrodynamicsintoEcohydraulics:TheRoleofTurbulenceinthe
SwimmingPerformanceandHabitatSelectionofStream-DwellingFish,9
MartinA.Wilkes,IanMaddock,FleurVisserandMichaelC.Acreman
2.1 Introduction,9
2.2 Turbulence:theory,structureandmeasurement,11
2.3 Theroleofturbulenceintheswimmingperformanceandhabitatselection
ofriver-dwellingfish,20
2.4 Conclusions,24
Acknowledgements,25
References,25
3 HydraulicModellingApproachesforEcohydraulicStudies:3D,2D,1D
andNon-NumericalModels,31
DanieleToninaandKlausJorde
3.1 Introduction,31
3.2 Typesofhydraulicmodelling,32
3.3 Elementsofnumericalhydrodynamicmodelling,33
3.4 3Dmodelling,49
3.5 2Dmodels,55
3.6 1Dmodels,57
3.7 Riverfloodplaininteraction,59
3.8 Non-numericalhydraulicmodelling,60
3.9 Casestudies,60
3.10 Conclusions,64
Acknowledgements,66
References,66
v
vi Contents
4 TheHabitatModellingSystemCASiMiR:AMultivariateFuzzyApproach
anditsApplications,75
MarkusNoack,MatthiasSchneiderandSilkeWieprecht
4.1 Introduction,75
4.2 TheoreticalbasicsofthehabitatsimulationtoolCASiMiR,76
4.3 Comparisonofhabitatmodellingusingthemultivariatefuzzyapproach
andunivariatepreferencefunctions,80
4.4 Simulationofspawninghabitatsconsideringmorphodynamicprocesses,82
4.5 Habitatmodellingonmeso-tobasin-scale,85
4.6 Discussionandconclusions,87
References,89
5 Data-DrivenFuzzyHabitatModels:ImpactofPerformanceCriteriaand
OpportunitiesforEcohydraulics,93
AnsMouton,BernardDeBaetsandPeterGoethals
5.1 Challengesforspeciesdistributionmodels,93
5.2 Fuzzymodelling,95
5.3 Casestudy,100
References,105
6 ApplicationsoftheMesoHABSIMSimulationModel,109
PiotrParasiewicz,JosephN.Rogers,PaoloVezza,JavierGorta´zar,ThomasSeager,
MarkPegg,WiesławWis´niewolskiandClaudioComoglio
6.1 Introduction,109
6.2 Modelsummary,109
Acknowledgements,123
References,123
7 TheRoleofGeomorphologyandHydrologyinDeterminingSpatial-ScaleUnits
forEcohydraulics,125
ElisaZavadilandMichaelStewardson
7.1 Introduction,125
7.2 Continuumanddis-continuumviewsofstreamnetworks,126
7.3 Evolutionofthegeomorphicscalehierarchy,127
7.4 Definingscaleunits,131
7.5 Advancingthescalehierarchy:futureresearchpriorities,139
References,139
8 DevelopingRealisticFishPassageCriteria:AnEcohydraulicsApproach,143
AndrewS.Vowles,LyndaR.Eakins,AdamT.Piper,JamesR.KerrandPaulKemp
8.1 Introduction,143
8.2 Developingfishpassagecriteria,144
8.3 Conclusions,151
8.4 Futurechallenges,152
References,152
PartII Species–HabitatInteractions
9 HabitatUseandSelectionbyBrownTroutinStreams,159
JanHeggenesandJensWollebæk
9.1 Introduction,159
9.2 Observationmethodsandbias,160
Contents vii
9.3 Habitat,161
9.4 Abioticandbioticfactors,161
9.5 Keyhydraulicfactors,163
9.6 Habitatselection,163
9.7 Temporalvariability:lightandflows,166
9.8 Energeticandbiomassmodels,168
9.9 Thehyporheiczone,169
9.10 Spatialandtemporalcomplexityofreddmicrohabitat,169
9.11 Summaryandwaysforward,170
References,170
10 SalmonidHabitatsinRiverineWinterConditionswithIce,177
AriHuusko,TeppoVehanenandMortenStickler
10.1 Introduction,177
10.2 Iceprocessesinrunningwaters,178
10.3 Salmonidsinwintericeconditions,182
10.4 Summaryandwaysforward,186
References,188
11 StreamHabitatAssociationsoftheFoothillYellow-LeggedFrog(Ranaboylii):
TheImportanceofHabitatHeterogeneity,193
SarahYarnell
11.1 Introduction,193
11.2 Methodsforquantifyingstreamhabitat,194
11.3 ObservedrelationshipsbetweenR.boyliiandstreamhabitat,198
11.4 Discussion,204
References,209
12 TestingtheRelationshipBetweenSurfaceFlowTypesandBenthic
Macroinvertebrates,213
GrahamHill,IanMaddockandMelanieBickerton
12.1 Background,213
12.2 Ecohydraulicrelationshipsbetweenhabitatandbiota,213
12.3 Casestudy,216
12.4 Discussion,223
12.5 Widerimplications,226
12.6 Conclusion,227
References,227
13 TheImpactofAlteredFlowRegimeonPeriphyton,229
NatasˇaSmolar-ZˇvanutandAleksandraKrivogradKlemencˇicˇ
13.1 Introduction,229
13.2 Modifiedflowregimes,230
13.3 Theimpactofalteredflowregimeonperiphyton,231
13.4 CasestudiesfromSlovenia,236
13.5 Conclusions,240
References,240
14 EcohydraulicsandAquaticMacrophytes:AssessingtheRelationship
inRiverFloodplains,245
GeorgA.Janauer,UdoSchmidt-MummandWalterReckendorfer
14.1 Introduction,245
viii Contents
14.2 Macrophytes,246
14.3 Lifeformsofmacrophytesinrunningwaters,248
14.4 Applicationofecohydraulicsformanagement:acasestudyontheDanube
Riveranditsfloodplain,249
14.5 Conclusion,255
Acknowledgements,255
Appendix14.A:AbbreviationsusedinFigure14.5,includingfullplant
namesandauthorities,255
References,256
15 Multi-ScaleMacrophyteResponsestoHydrodynamicStressandDisturbances:
AdaptiveStrategiesandBiodiversityPatterns,261
SaraPuijalonandGudrunBornette
15.1 Introduction,261
15.2 Individualandpatch-scaleresponsetohydrodynamicstressand
disturbances,262
15.3 Communityresponsestotemporarypeaksofflowand
currentvelocity,266
15.4 Macrophyteabundance,biodiversityandsuccession,268
15.5 Conclusion,269
References,270
PartIII ManagementApplicationCaseStudies
16 ApplicationofReal-TimeManagementforEnvironmental
FlowRegimes,277
ThomasB.HardyandThomasA.Shaw
16.1 Introduction,277
16.2 Real-timemanagement,278
16.3 Thesetting,278
16.4 Thecontextandchallengeswithpresentwaterallocationstrategies,281
16.5 Theissuesconcerningtheimplementationofenvironmental
flowregimes,282
16.6 UnderlyingscienceforenvironmentalflowsintheKlamathRiver,283
16.7 TheWaterResourceIntegratedModellingSystemforTheKlamathBasin
RestorationAgreement,285
16.8 Thesolution–real-timemanagement,285
16.9 ExampleRTMimplementation,287
16.10 RTMperformance,287
16.11 Discussion,290
16.12 Conclusions,290
Acknowledgements,291
References,291
17 HydraulicModellingofFloodplainVegetationinKorea:Developmentand
Applications,293
HyoseopWooandSung-UkChoi
17.1 Introduction,293
17.2 Modellingofvegetatedflows,294
17.3 Floodplainvegetationmodelling:Fromwhiteriverstogreenrivers,300
17.4 Conclusions,306
References,306
Contents ix
18 AHistoricalPerspectiveonDownstreamPassageatHydroelectric
PlantsinSwedishRivers,309
OlleCalles,PeterRivinojaandLarryGreenberg
18.1 Introduction,309
18.2 HistoricalreviewofdownstreambypassproblemsinSweden,310
18.3 RehabilitatingdownstreampassageinSwedishRiverstoday,312
18.4 Concludingremarks,319
References,320
19 RapidFlowFluctuationsandImpactsonFishandtheAquaticEcosystem,323
AtleHarbyandMarkusNoack
19.1 Introduction,323
19.2 Rapidflowfluctuations,325
19.3 Methodstostudyrapidflowfluctuationsandtheirimpact,325
19.4 Results,326
19.5 Mitigation,329
19.6 Discussionandfuturework,331
Acknowledgements,333
References,334
20 EcohydraulicDesignofRiffle-PoolReliefandMorphologicalUnitGeometryin
SupportofRegulatedGravel-BedRiverRehabilitation,337
GregoryB.PasternackandRockoA.Brown
20.1 Introduction,337
20.2 Experimentaldesign,338
20.3 Results,347
20.4 Discussionandconclusions,351
Acknowledgements,353
References,353
21 EcohydraulicsforRiverManagement:CanMesoscaleLoticMacroinvertebrate
DataInformMacroscaleEcosystemAssessment?,357
JessicaM.Orlofske,WendyA.MonkandDonaldJ.Baird
21.1 Introduction,357
21.2 Loticmacroinvertebratesinamanagementcontext,358
21.3 Patternsinloticmacroinvertebrateresponsetohydraulicvariables,359
21.4 Linkingecohydraulicsandloticmacroinvertebratetraits,365
21.5 TraitvariationamongloticmacroinvertebratesinLIFEflowgroups,366
21.6 Upscalingfromecohydraulicstomanagement,370
21.7 Conclusions,371
References,371
22 EstuarineWetlandEcohydraulicsandMigratoryShorebirdHabitat
Restoration,375
Jose´ F.Rodr´ıguezandAliceHowe
22.1 Introduction,375
22.2 AreaEofKooragangIsland,377
22.3 Ecohydraulicandecogeomorphiccharacterisation,378
22.4 Modifyingvegetationdistributionbyhydraulicmanipulation,382
22.5 Discussion,388
22.6 Conclusionsandrecommendations,390
References,392
x Contents
23 EcohydraulicsattheLandscapeScale:ApplyingtheConcept
ofTemporalLandscapeContinuityinRiverRestoration
UsingCyclicFloodplainRejuvenation,395
GertjanW.Geerling,HarmDuel,AnthonieD.BuijseandAntoniusJ.M.Smits
23.1 Introduction,395
23.2 Theinspiration:landscapedynamicsofmeanderingrivers,397
23.3 Theconcept:temporalcontinuityanddiscontinuityoflandscapesalong
regulatedrivers,399
23.4 Application:floodplainrestorationinaheavilyregulatedriver,401
23.5 Thestrategyinregulatedrivers:cyclicfloodplainrejuvenation(CFR),403
23.6 Generalconclusions,405
References,405
24 EmbodyingInteractionsBetweenRiparianVegetationandFluvialHydraulic
ProcessesWithinaDynamicFloodplainModel:ConceptsandApplications,407
GregoryEgger,EmilioPolitti,VirginiaGaro´fano-Go´mez,BernadetteBlamauer,Teresa
Ferreira,RuiRivaes,RohanBenjankarandHelmutHabersack
24.1 Introduction,407
24.2 Physicalhabitatanditseffectsonfloodplainvegetation,408
24.3 Successionphasesandtheirenvironmentalcontext,410
24.4 Responseoffloodplainvegetationtofluvialprocesses,414
24.5 Linkingfluvialprocessesandvegetation:thedisturbanceregimeapproach
asthebackboneforthedynamicmodel,415
24.6 Modelapplications,417
24.7 Conclusion,423
Acknowledgements,424
References,424
PartIV Conclusion
25 ResearchNeeds,ChallengesandtheFutureofEcohydraulicsResearch,431
IanMaddock,AtleHarby,PaulKempandPaulWood
25.1 Introduction,431
25.2 Researchneedsandfuturechallenges,432
References,435
Index,437