Table Of ContentVOLUMENINETYFIVE
A
DVANCES IN
PARASITOLOGY
Echinococcus and
Echinococcosis, Part A
SERIES EDITOR
D. ROLLINSON J. R. STOTHARD
Life Sciences Department Department of Parasitology
The Natural History Museum, Liverpool School of Tropical
London, UK Medicine Liverpool, UK
[email protected] [email protected]
EDITORIAL BOARD
T. J. C. ANDERSON R. C. OLIVEIRA
Department of Genetics, Texas Centro de Pesquisas Rene Rachou/
Biomedical Research Institute, CPqRR - A FIOCRUZ em Minas
San Antonio, TX, USA Gerais, Rene Rachou Research
Center/CPqRR - The Oswaldo Cruz
M. G. BASA(cid:1)N~EZ Foundation in the State of Minas
Professor of Neglected Tropical Gerais-Brazil, Brazil
Diseases, Department of Infectious
R. E. SINDEN
Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of
Medicine (St Mary’s Campus), Immunology and Infection
Imperial College London, Section, Department of Biological
London, UK Sciences, Sir Alexander Fleming
Building, Imperial College of
S. BROOKER Science, Technology and
Medicine, London, UK
Wellcome Trust Research Fellow
and Professor, London School of
D. L. SMITH
Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,
Johns Hopkins Malaria Research
Faculty of Infectious and Tropical,
Institute & Department of
Diseases, London, UK
Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins
BloombergSchoolofPublicHealth,
R. B. GASSER
Baltimore, MD, USA
Faculty of Veterinary and
Agricultural Sciences, The R. C. A. THOMPSON
University of Melbourne, Parkville, Head, WHO Collaborating Centre
Victoria, Australia for the Molecular Epidemiology
of Parasitic Infections, Principal
N. HALL
Investigator, Environmental
School of Biological Sciences, Biotechnology CRC (EBCRC), School
Biosciences Building, University of of Veterinary and Biomedical
Liverpool, Liverpool, UK Sciences, Murdoch University,
Murdoch, WA, Australia
J. KEISER
X.-N. ZHOU
Head, Helminth Drug
Development Unit, Department Professor, Director, National
of Medical Parasitology and Institute of Parasitic Diseases,
Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical Chinese Center for Disease Control
and Public Health Institute, Basel, andPrevention,Shanghai,People’s
Switzerland Republic of China
VOLUME NINETY FIVE
A
DVANCES IN
PARASITOLOGY
Echinococcus and
Echinococcosis, Part A
Edited by
R.C.A. THOMPSON
School of Veterinary and Life Sciences,
Murdoch University, Murdoch
Australia
P. DEPLAZES
Institute of Parasitology,
University of Z€urich,
Z€urich, Switzerland
A.J. LYMBERY
Freshwater Fish Group and Fish Health Unit,
School of Veterinary and Life Sciences
Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
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CONTRIBUTORS
VOLUME 95
PART A
C.A.AlvarezRojas
TheUniversityofMelbourne,Parkville,VIC,Australia
D.Antolova
InstituteofParasitologySAS,Kosice,SlovakRepublic
K.Brehm
UniversityofWu€rzburg,Wu€rzburg,Germany
P.S.Craig
UniversityofSalford,GreaterManchester,UnitedKingdom
G.Cringoli
UniversityofNaplesFedericoII,Napoli,Italy
M.delaRue
UniversityofSantaMaria,SantaMariaRS,Brazil
P.Deplazes
UniversityofZu€rich,Zurich,Switzerland
J.Eckert
UniversityofZurich,Zurich,Switzerland
P.Giraudoux
UniversityofFranche-ComtéandInstitutUniversitairedeFrance,Besancon,France
M.F.Harandi
ResearchcentreofHydatidDiseaseinIran,KermanUniversityofMedicalSciences,
Kerman,Iran
D.Jenkins
CharlesSturtUniversity,WaggaWagga,NSW,Australia
E.J.Jenkins
UniversityofSaskatchewan,Saskatoon,SK,Canada
U.Koziol
UniversityofWu€rzburg,Wu€rzburg,Germany;UniversidaddelaRepu(cid:2)blica,Montevideo,
Uruguay
S.Lahmar
NationalSchoolofVeterinaryMedicine,SidiThabet,Tunisia
j
ix
x Contributors
A.J.Lymbery
MurdochUniversity,Murdoch,WA,Australia
J.Magambo
MeruUniversityofScienceandTechnology,Meru,Kenya
A.Massolo
UniversityofCalgary,Calgary,Alberta,Canada
L.Rinaldi
UniversityofNaplesFedericoII,Napoli,Italy
T.Romig
UniversityofHohenheim,Stuttgart,Germany
J.M.Schurer
UniversityofSaskatchewan,Saskatoon,SK,Canada;UniversityofWashington,Seattle,WA,
UnitedStates
K.Takahashi
RakunoGakuenUniversity,Ebetsu,Japan
R.C.A.Thompson
MurdochUniversity,Murdoch,WA,Australia
P.R.Torgerson
UniversityofZu€rich,Zurich,Switzerland
M.Wassermann
UniversityofHohenheim,Stuttgart,Germany
VOLUME 96
PART B
O.Akhan
HacettepeUniversity,Ankara,Turkey
C.Budke
TexasA&MUniversity,CollegeStation,TX,UnitedStates
A.Casulli
WorldHealthOrganizationCollaboratingCentrefortheepidemiology,detectionand
controlofcysticandalveolarechinococcosis,IstitutoSuperiorediSanit(cid:3)a,Rome,Italy
F.J.Conraths
Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut,FederalResearchInstituteforAnimalHealth,Instituteof
Epidemiology,Greifswald-InselRiems,Germany
P.S.Craig
UniversityofSalford,GreaterManchester,UnitedKingdom
B.Gottstein
UniversityofBern,Bern,Switzerland
Contributors xi
D.Hegglin
UniversityofZurich,Zurich,Switzerland
P.Kern
UniversityHospitalofUlm,Ulm,Germany
M.W.Lightowlers
UniversityofMelbourne,Werribee,VIC,Australia
A.MenezesdaSilva
EstradadaLuz,Lisboa,Portugal
N.Mu€ller
InstituteofParasitology,VetsuisseFaculty,UniversityofBern,Bern,Switzerland
B.Mu€llhaupt
UniversityHospitalofZurich,Zu€rich,Switzerland
E.Ortona
IstitutoSuperiorediSanit(cid:3)a,Rome,Italy
M.Siles-Lucas
IRNASA-CSIC,Salamanca,Spain
A.Siracusano
IstitutoSuperiorediSanit(cid:3)a,Rome,Italy
P.Soboslay
UniversityofTu€bingen,Tu€bingen,Germany
P.R.Torgerson
UniversityofZurich,Zurich,Switzerland
K.A.Vizcaychipi
NationalInstituteofInfectiousDiseases,BuenosAires,Argentina
D.A.Vuitton
WHOCollaboratingCentre,UniversitédeFranche-Comté,Besançon,France
J.Wang
UniversityofBern,Bern,Switzerland
Q.Wang
SichuanProvincialCenterforDiseaseControlandPrevention,Chengdu,China
PREFACE
Our aim in this thematic volume of Advances in Parasitology is to provide a
complete synthesisof whatis knownaboutthe cestodeparasite Echinococcus
and the diseases it causes, echinococcosis (hydatid disease). It builds on the
success of two previous volumes ‘The Biology of Echinococcus and Hydatid
disease’ and ‘Echinococcus and Hydatid Disease’ published by Allen and
UnwinandCABInternational,respectively,anddetailsthemajoradvances
thathavetakenplacesince.The10chaptersdemonstratethatinadditionto
its medical, veterinary and economic significance, Echinococcus is an
intriguing biological phenomenon. They detail the major advances that
have taken place during the last 20years, particularly in our understanding
of taxonomy, genetic variation, developmental biology, host–parasite
relationships, geographic distribution and host range, diagnosis, control
andclinicalmanagement.Inaddition,wehaveincludedachaptercovering
historical aspects of echinococcosis that highlights major contributions to
knowledge about the parasite and the diseases it causes. In this respect,
fourdoyensofthefieldandcontributorstothepreviousvolumehavepassed
away in recent years: Desmond Smyth, Michael Gemmell, Robert Rausch
andRudolfAmmann.Wearethereforepleasedtohavetheopportunitythat
this volume provides to detail and highlight the major contributions they
have made to the field.
AlthoughmajoradvanceshavebeenmadeinresearchonEchinococcusand
echinococcosis, many questions remain, particularly in the areas of
developmental biology and host–parasite relationships. Control efforts
have had limited impact globally, and Echinococcus is an emerging problem
in some parts of the world. As with many zoonoses, control is hampered
by anthropogenic factors that influence both domestic and wild cycles of
transmission.
The overriding theme of the book is that a comprehensive understand-
ing of the biology of Echinococcus is essential for the effective treatment and
control of echinococcosis. The links between laboratory knowledge and
field applications are emphasized throughout the book. Consequently, we
hope that research workers, teachers and students of parasitology, clinicians
j
xiii
xiv Preface
andfieldworkerswillfindthisworkanindispensablesourceofinformation,
butthatitwillalso provideamodel fortheintegrationof basic andapplied
research in parasitology.
Andrew Thompson, Peter Deplazes and Alan Lymbery
CHAPTERONE
Historical Aspects of
Echinococcosis
J. Eckert*,1, R.C.A. Thompsonx
*UniversityofZurich,Zurich,Switzerland
xMurdochUniversity,Murdoch,WA,Australia
1Correspondingauthor:E-mail:[email protected]
Contents
1. Introduction 2
2. EchinococcusgranulosusandEchinococcusmultilocularis 3
2.1 Generalhistoricalaspects 3
2.1.1 Earlyknowledgeofhydatids 3
2.1.2 Knowledgeonthenatureofhydatids 4
2.1.3 ElucidationofthelifecycleofEchinococcusgranulosus 5
2.1.4 Initialfindingsonhumanalveolarechinococcosis 10
2.1.5 Controversyontheaetiologyofcysticandalveolarechinococcosis 10
2.1.6 ElucidationofthelifecyclesofEchinococcussibiricensisandEchinococcus 12
multilocularis
3. SpecificHistoricalAspects 14
3.1 Geographicdistributionandepidemiology 14
3.1.1 Echinococcusgranulosusandcysticechinococcosis 14
3.1.2 Echinococcusmultilocularisandalveolarechinococcosis 18
3.2 Clinicalaspectsandpathology 24
3.2.1 Echinococcosisinhumans 24
3.2.2 Echinococcosisinanimals 27
3.3 Diagnosisofechinococcosis 28
3.3.1 Diagnosisinhumans 28
3.3.2 Diagnosisofechinococcosisinanimals 30
3.4 Treatmentofechinococcosis 31
3.4.1 Treatmentofhumanechinococcosis 31
3.4.2 ChemotherapyofintestinalEchinococcusinfectionsincarnivores 36
3.5 ControlandPrevention 36
3.5.1 Echinococcusgranulosus 36
3.5.2 Echinococcusmultilocularis 39
3.6 Aspectsofbasicresearch 40
3.6.1 Echinococcusgranulosus 40
AdvancesinParasitology,Volume95
ISSN0065-308X ©2017ElsevierLtd. j
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/bs.apar.2016.07.003 Allrightsreserved. 1
