East meets West: on the true identity ofCheiracanthium rupestreandXysticus albomaculatus(Arachnida: Araneae: Eutichuridae, Thomisidae)

2016·7.8 MB·English

by  Rainer Breitling

Arachnologische Mitteilungen /Arachnology Letters 52:38-49 Karlsruhe, September2016
East meets West: on the true identity of Cheiracanthium rupestre and
Xysticus albomaculatus (Arachnida: Araneae: Eutichuridae,Thomisidae)
Rainer Breitling,Tobias Bauer, Arno Grabolle, PierreOger, Paolo Pantini,JohanVan Keer,
Walter P. Pfliegler, ElkeJantscher&Jan Dolansky
doi: 10.5431/aramit5208
Abstract.CheiracanthiumrupestreHerman, 1879,andXysticusalbomaculatus Kulczyiiski, 1891, both originallydescribedfrom Hungary,
areamong the most rarely reported species oftheirgenera in Europe. Here we reportthat both ofthese species haveveryclose rela-
tionshipstosimilarly uncommon speciesoriginallydescribedfrom Franceataboutthesametime.Thespecimenscurrentlyconsidered
as Cheiracanthium rupestre turn out to be very closely related to, but distinct from, Cheiracanthiumstriolatum Simon, 1878. However,
the original description ofC. rupestredoes not match these specimens nor any other known species ofCheiracanthium.We therefore
considerC.rupestreanomendubiumandsuggestthatall previousrecordsofthisspeciesaftertheoriginal descriptionactuallyreferto
CheiracanthiummacedonicumDrensky, 1921.Xysticusalbomaculatus,ontheotherhand,turnsouttobeajuniorsynonymofBassaniana
baudueri(Simon, 1877)syn.nov„expandingtherängeofthisspeciesconsiderablytotheEastandatthesametimeconfirmingthatitis
agenuineEuropeanspecies,ratherthana recentimmigrantfrom NorthAmericaaspreviouslysuspected.
Keywords:Bassaniana,Coriarachne,doubtful species, newSynonyms,nomendubium,Ozyptila,speciesinquirendae
Zusammenfassung.Anmerkungzurwahren IdentitätvonCheiracanthiumrupestreundXysticusalbomaculatus(Arachnida:Ara-
neae:Eutichuridae,Thomisidae).DiebeidenausUngarn beschriebenenGroßspinnenCheiracanthiumrupestreundXysticusalbomacu-
latusgehören zu den seltenstenVertretern ihrerGattungen in Europa. Eszeigtsich, dass beide Arten enge Affinitäten zu Arten haben,
dieetwazurgleichen Zeitaus Frankreich erstbeschrieben wurden. DiegemeinhinalsC.rupestrebezeichneten Exemplaresind eng ver-
wandt mit C.striolatumSimon, 1878, gehören aberzu einereigenen Art. Da dieOriginalbeschreibung von C. rupestrejedoch deutliche
Unterschiedezu diesen Exemplarenaufweist, und sichauch sonstkeiner bekannten Cheiracanthium-Artzuordnen lässt, betrachten wir
C.rupestrealsnomendubium;dergültigeNamefürdiebisherzudieserArtgestelltenExemplareistCheiracanthiummacedonicumDren-
sky, 1921. Xysticusalbomaculatuserwies sich bei näherer Untersuchung alsjüngeres Synonym von Bassanianabaudueri(Simon, 1877)
syn.nov.,waseinedeutlicheAusdehnung desNachweisareals nachOsten darstelltund bestätigt,dassessich bei dieserForm um eine
autochthoneeuropäischeArthandelt, nichtumeinen rezenten ImportausNordamerika,wiezuvorangenommen.
Numerous spider species described from Europe have never Abbreviations:
been found again after their initial discovery (Breitling et al. HCJNVHKM = CollectionJ.Van Keer
2015, Breitling et al. in press). Others have been found only = Hungarian Natural HistoryMuseum,Budapest
very rarely and in widely scattered locations.This is particu- (L. Dänyi)
larly surprising when it concerns rather large and noticeable IZ = Museum and Institute ofZoology, Polish Aca-
species andwhen there is no indication ofarestriction to rare demyof Sciences,Warsaw (W.Wawer)
and unusual habitats. In such cases, there is always the pos- LNU = Ivan Franko National University of Lviv (A.
sibility that the rare records are in fact based on misidentifi- Hirna)
cations ofmore common species (a number ofexamples are MCSN = Museo Civico di Scienze Naturali “E. Caffi”,
discussedin Breitlingetal.2015).Butsometimesitalso turns Bergamo (P. Pantini)
MMUE
out that the species are actually more common than initially = ManchesterMuseum of the UniversityofMan-
suspected, in which case the lack ofrecords is probably due chester (D.V. Logunov)
MNHN
to a combination ofundersampling and insufficient descrip- = Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris
tions in the available literature. Here we discuss two such ca- (C. Rollard)
NHMW
ses, which are especially noteworthy as they reveal unexpec- = Naturhistorisches MuseumWien (C. Hörweg);
tedlinksbetweenrare spiderspecies described from Hungary NMNHS = National Museum of Natural History in Sofia
and similarlyuncommon relatives fromWestern Europe. (S. Lazarov)
NMP
= NationalMuseum, Prague (P. Dolejs)
PMC = Pedro M. Cardoso Collection
R7aDiNn,erUKB;REE-ImTaiUlN:Gr,aiFnaceurl.tbyreoiftlLiifnegS@cmiaennccheess,teUrn.iavce.ruskityofManchester,ManchesterMl SMF = Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt (P.Jäger &J.
TobiasBAUER,StaatlichesMuseumfürNaturkundeKarlsruhe,Erbprinzenstr.13, Altmann)
76133Karlsruhe,Germany;E-mail:[email protected]
ArnoGRABOLLE,AmHorn13b,99425Weimar,Germany;
E-mail:[email protected] ThecaseofCheiracanthium rupestre
PierreOGER,RueduGrandVivier14,B-4217Wäretl'Eveque,Belgium; Material examined
E-mail:[email protected]
PaoloPANTINI,MuseocivicodiScienzeNaturali"E.Caffi”PiazzaCittadella, sub C. rupestre'. BULGARIA: 1?, 2 juv., Kranevo near Var-
J1o0h-an24V1A2N9KBEeErRg,amBoor,mIsttalrya;aEt-m2a0i4l:bpupsa3n,[email protected],Belgium; na, forest edge, ca. 150 m a.s.l., 9.-11.VIII.2005, Dolans-
E-mail:[email protected] ky leg. et coli. l£, Stranbaka mts., Vitanovo nature reserve,
cWEelankl,eteJDrAeNbP.TrPSeFCcLHeInEERGE,LgEyKRae,rtlDe-emFprtta.enrozfe1n.B,siH-o-Ut4nei0vc3e2hr,nsoiHltuoynggGyaraarzny,;dHEMa-ilmcbariäolrb:tihwogalalostgesyre,p6Uf,nli8iv0eeg1rl0seiGrtr@yagzom,faiADules.btcrroeima-; 2V8II..-3109.7V7I,IIN.M2P00,0,J.SB.uPcehtarrovlleegg..,etJ.cDoloil.aPn6sdk-y4c1o/li2.0l1B2,/C102.3-3114..
E-mail:[email protected] m
JanDOLANSKY,TheEastBohemianMuseuminPardubice,Zämek2, 3 juv., Bosnek, ca. 1100 a.s.l., 13. VIII. 2009,J. Dolansky
53002Pardubice,CzechRepublic;E-mail:[email protected] leg. et coli. 6 juv. (12, 1<5 kept to adult stage under laborato-
submitted29.3.2016,accepted26.7.2016,online31.8.2016 ry conditions), Bosnek, 13. X. 2010,J. Dolansky leg. et coli.
EastmeetsWest 39
HUNGARY: 19, Värpalota, HNHM Araneae-2198, Chyzer Van Keer leg. et coli. CJVK 1506. 19, Solenzara, 28.V.1999,
coli. 1187. 299 Värpalota IZ Kulczynski coli, (photographs in aJuncus field, CJVK. 19, Asco, 23.IX.2013, under a stone
examined). 19, Szentendrei-sziget (Szentendre Island), north along rocks, CJVK. 1(5 Zonza, 28.V.1999, under stones in
ol Budapest, under bark on dead wood, end of May 2009, K. Corsican pine forest, CJVK. 1(5, Mausoleo, riviere Tartagi-
m
Pfeiffer leg.,A. Grabolle coli. 1(5, Nadap,Meleghegy, oak fo- ne, 1100 a.s.l.,light trap, 30.V.2000, E. Bertuetti et al.leg.,
rest, 15.VI.1951, HNHM, Kakassne leg. SLOVAKIA: 19, MCSN. 299, Mausoleo, riviere Tartagine, 1100 m a.s.l., light
Cachtice, 19.VI.1978,J. Svaton leg.et coli. trap, 1.VIII.2000 Giomi F.,Salmini B.leg.MCSN.399,Olrni
sub C. macedonicum: BULGARIA: 19,between Yakoruda Cappella, affluent riviere Tartagine, 840 m a.s.l., light trap,
betweenYakoruda and Mekhomiya and Mekhomiya,NMN- 30.V.2000, E. Bertuetti et al. leg., MCSN. 599, 3(5(5, Asco,
HS,holotype. riviere Stranciacone, 1800 m a.s.l., light trap, 1.VI.2000, E.
sub C. striolatum: ITALY: 2(5(5, Firenze, Marradi, Badia Bertuetti et al. leg., MCSN. ALGERdA: 19, 2c5c5,Wilaya de
Valle 430 m a.s.l., 25.VI.2003, A. Usvelli leg., MCSN. Sicily Tissemsilt, Theniet el Had, Hearing in cedar forest, 1750 m
19,Ragusa,Giarratana,fiumeIrminio,500ma.s.l.,19.V.1995, a.s.l.,23.III.1988, R. Bosmans leg. et coli. 299, 1(5,Wilaya de
P. Pantini,M.Valle leg.,MCSN. Bouira, Massifdu Djurdjura,Tigounatine, 1460 m a.s.l., ce-
dar forest,6.X.1987-1.IV.1988, R. Bosmans leg.et coli.MO'
Comparativematerial ROCCO: 19, 1(5,Tiznit,Mirlef,litterand stones,nearthe sea,
C. striolatum-. FRANCE: 499, 1(5 “Pyr[ennes] Orfientales] 25 m a.s.l., R. Bosmans leg. et coli. Uncertain locality (“gall.
Prats de Mollo”, MNHN Simon coli. 1791. 1(5 Bonne Anse m„ hisp., alg.”= Southern FRANCE, SPAIN, ALGERIA)
MNHN
dunes, near La Coubre, Charente-Maritime “mainly un- 2899, 16(5(5, Simon coli. 1796.1867 (probably in-
der rock rose” MMUE Duftey coli. G7512. 19, Balcons de cluding syntypes). No locality. 299, 1(5 MNHN Simon coli.
m
la Mescla near Draguignan, bushy area, ca 800 a.s.l., 25. 1803.13468.
IV.2009, J. Dolansky leg. et coli. PORTUGAL: 19, Picoti- C. sp. nearstriolatum:ALGERIA: 299Tlemcen,MNHN
no,21.11.2001, P. Cardoso leg. et coli. PMC0390b, pitfall. 1<5, Simon coli. 1804.13299. 1(5, Djelfa, Djebel Djellal, 17. VIII.
MOROCCO
Tö,21.11.2001, P. Cardoso leg. et coli. PMC0390c,pitlall. 19, 1990, R. Bosmans leg. et coli. 299, l<5“Moga-
MNHN
Fonted’Aldeia,7.III.2001,P.Cardosoleg.etcoli.PMC0390d, dor, La Escaleza” (= Essaouria, Marrakesh), Simon
pitlall. 19, Fonte d’Aldeia, 13.VI.2001,P. Cardoso leg. et coli. coli., 1803.13648. l9“Maroc: entre Mazagan [= ElJadida] et
PMC0390g, pitfall. 19, Algozinho, 21.III.2001, P. Cardoso Oualidia (J.Theodorides leg.)”,J.Denis dMeNt.H,NMNHN, Simon
leg. et coli. PMC0390e, pitlall. 19, Algozinho, 4. IV. 2001, coli., 1803.TUNISIA: 299, 1(5 Djerba, Simon coli.
P. Cardoso leg. et coli. PMC0390f, pitfall. 1(5, Mogadouro, 1804.12462.
8.II.2001, P. Cardoso leg. et coli. PMC0248B. 19, 1(5, Picote, Cheiracanthium rupestre was first described by Herman
21.VI.2001, P. Cardoso leg. et coli. PMC0248c, pitfall. 1(5, (1879) based on a single female found under a stone in a sto-
Bru^ö,3.X.2001,P.Cardosoleg.etcoli.PMC0248d,pitlall.1(5, ny ditch close to Majläth (Diösgyör, Miskolc, Hungary). It
&
Picote, 14.XI.2001,P.Cardosoleg.etcoli.PMC0248e,pitlall. was redescribed by Chyzer Kulczynski (1897), who not
1(5, Mertola, 27.V.2003, P. Cardoso leg. et coli. 5358. 1(5, Li- onlydiscussedboth sexes intheirdeterminationkeys,butalso
mas, 18.VI.2003,P.Cardosoleg.etcoli.5475,pitfall.499,2(5(5, provided the first description of the presumptive male of the
5 juv., Picote, 31.V.2001, P. Cardoso leg. et coli. PMC0390a, species, based on a single specimen, the palp of which they
swept. 19, 1 juv.,PraiadaBordeiranearLagos, 12.IV.2005,M. illustrated.Theyconsideredthe speciesmuchrarer(“multora-
Rezäcleg.,J.Dolanskycoli. 19,Mertola,Corredoura,valleyof rius”) than C. effossum,which itself is one ofthe rarely found
Guadiana river, 8.XI.2005,M. Rezäc leg.,J. Dolanskycoli. l9 species ofthe genus. Another record, from “Pajsarjevajama”,
Barca d’Alva near Mogadouro, 10.X.2007, M. Rezäc leg.,J. a cave in central Slovenia, was contributed by Kratochvil
Dolanskycoli. 1 juv., Ribeira Limas, 1.VII.2007, S. Pekärleg., (1934),without further details.The male,but not the female,
J. Dolansky coli. 1 juv., Golega nearTorres Novas, 2.X.2007, was later redescribed with detailed illustrations by Cleopatra
M20.. Rezäc leg., J. Dolansky coli. Ic5, Palao near Mogadouro, Oltean (1973),which were later republished (under her mar-
4.X.2007,M. Rezäc leg.,J.Dolanskycoli. 1(5,Fonte de Aldeia ried name) in her monograph on the Romanian Clubionidae
near Mogadouro, 5.X.2007, M. Rezäc leg., J. Dolansky coli. s. lat. (Sterghiu 1985). The species is said by Sterghiu to be
19, Faro, Murra9äo, 17.IV.2013, R. Bosmans leg. et coli. l9, adult in May in Romania,where a single male was found in
1(5, Lagoa de Obidos, in pine litter,20. IV.2013, R. Bosmans lowVegetationonaroadsideinBäneasa,on the northernedge
m
leg. et coli. 19, Belmeque,bushy area, 300 a.s.l., 38°2’45”N, ofBucharest. Since then, the species has been reported very
7°22’59”W, 28.III.2013,J. Dolansky leg. et coli. 19, Mertola, rarelyand usuallyon the basis ofsingle male individuals from
m
bushy area, 50 a.s.l., 37°38’5”N, 7°40’13”W, 30.III.2013,J. afewadditional countries: Slovakia (variouslocations,Gajdos
Dolansky leg. et coli. 19, Barranco do Velho, 30.III.2013,J. et al. 1999,2009),Austria (1 male collected in axerothermo-
Dolansky leg. et coli. 1599, Southern Portugal, 3.-7.IV.2008, philic downy oak forest on a south-facing mountainside bet-
M. Rezäc et S. Korenko leg.,J. Dolanskycoli. SPAIN 1(5,Fa- ween400 and500 m,Kanzelkogel,Graz,Styria,Horak 1987),
bero, 1.V.2012, F. Stählavsky leg.,J. Dolansky coli. 19,Mäla- Macedonia (4 male specimens collected inJuly 1998 ateleva-
ga,Mijas, stones in pine forest, 19.XII.1997, R. Bosmans leg. tionsbetween 1300 and 1800mon SarMountain,Komnenov
et coli. Mallorca 14 juv. (399, 4<5<5 kept to adult stage under 2002), and Bulgaria (Slavyanka Mountain, Naumova 2009).
A
laboratory conditions), Badia Gran, bushy area, VI. 2008, female specimen from Bosnek in the Vitosha Mountains,
J.
Dolansky leg. et coli. ITALY 19, Livorno, Isola di Capraia, Bulgaria(and nowin the Dolanskycollection),was illustrated
V.1992 C. Berera leg. MCSN. Sardinia 19, SMF Roewer by Kürka et al. (2015).
coli. RII/13643. FRANCE: Corsica 19,Vivario, Col de Sor- Herman’s type material could not be found in the collec-
ba (1320m), 26.V.1995, under stones in Larix forest, & K. tion ofthe Hungarian Natural History Museum (HNHM)
J.
,
40 R.Breitling, T.Bauer,A.Graboiie,P.Oger,P.Pantini,J. VanKeer, W.P.PfJiegler,E.Jantscher&J.Dolansky
and is in all probabilitylost. Itwas also not lound in the Na- the specimens that are currently assigned to C. rupestre, and
tural History Museum Vienna (NHMW), the Museum & the remainder of the illustrated details in the figure also show
Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw no resemblance to the distinct patterns seen in, e.g., Chyzer’s
(IZ), or the Zoological Museum of the National University specimen.There is no indication ofthe “deeply incised arch”
ofLviv (LNU), where parts ofthe Kulczynski collection are illustratedbyHermanin the epigyneofanyEuropean Cheira-
held. However, a single female specimen labelled as C. ru- canthiumspecies.The“pinheads”couldrepresentmatingplugs,
pestre is still available in Chyzer’s collection in Budapest and which are known in other Cheiracanthium species, such as C.
two further females in the Kulczynski collection in Warsaw. furculatum Karsch, 1879 (Bayer 2014) and C. mildei L. Koch,
Examination ofthis material showed that C. rupestre as un- 1864 (Bryant 1952), but if Herman’s specimen belonged to
derstood by Chyzer, is identical to C. macedonicum Drensky, the same species Chyzer’s material, the anterio-lateral positi-
1921, a species described on the basis of a female specimen on ofthe plugswouldbe inexplicable.Moreover,while several
collected between Yakoruda and Mekhomiya (= Razlog,Bul- females ofthe closely related C. striolatum in Simons collec-
garia), and later also reported as occurringrelativelyrarelyon tion had broken emboli lodged in their epigyne, none of the
BabunaMountain close toAbdi Han andbetween Resen and specimens examined had a mating plug. We considered the
Ohrid (Macedonia; Drensky 1929, 1936) (Figs 1-2). Howe- possibility ofassigning a neotype for C. rupestre to stabilize
,
ver, a specimen from Ohrid labelled as C. macedonicum in the the interpretation of this name, but decided that in view of
NMNHS
Drensky collection in the turned out to be a male themajordiscrepanciesbetween Herman’sillustration andthe
&
C. montanum (JD vid.). Deltshev Blagoev (1997) repor- currentconceptofthe species,itwouldbe impossible to select
ted C. macedonicum from submediterranean to montane coni- a neotype specimen that fulfils the condition of ICZN art.
ferous altitudes on Pirin Mountain (Bulgaria) and Deltshev 75.3.5. “that the neotype is consistent with what is known of
et al. (2013) found it on Galichitsa Mountain in Macedonia. the former name-bearing type from the original description
The records ofC. rupestrefrom Macedonia (Komnenov2002) and from other sources”. Instead,we consider C. rupestre as a
and Bulgaria (Naumova 2009) already imply the synonymy nomen dubium, possibly based on a malformed individual.
established here.The synonymybetween C. macedonicum and The valid name for the species described and illustrated in
& &
C. rupestresensu Chyzer Kulczynski (1897) auct. is further Chyzer Kulczynski (1897), Oltean (1973) and Sterghiu
supported by the examination ofmale and female specimens (1985) thus becomes Cheiracanthium macedonicum Drensky
collected together in Bosnek (100 km north of Razlog, the 1921,and all records ofC. rupestre(except that in the original
type localityofC. macedonicum).This conhrmed that Chyzer’s description) should be referred to this species.
female is indeed correctly matched to the male that was il- Considering the descriptions published after Herman’s
&
lustrated by Chyzer Kulczynski (1897), Oltean (1973) and work and the genitalia of Chyzer’s specimen, both male and
Sterghiu (1985).The genital structures in both sexes are quite female C. macedonicum appear to be verysimilar to C. striola-
distinct and set the species apart from all other Cheiracan- tum, a species described in 1878 by Simon from a wide rän-
thium species in Eastern Europe. ge oflocalities in Southern andWestern mainland France and
One slightcomplicationarises,however,from the factthat Corsica,where it was found on low plants.The females were
Herman’s type materialofC. rupestrecould notbe traced any- reportedly found with their egg sacs under stones in April.
where,andhis originalfigure ofthe epigyne shows little simi- Although the first description already indicated that this spe-
larityto that ofC. rupestreas it has been understood since the cies is not rare and can be quite common in suitable habitats,
&
times ofChyzer Kulczynski (1897), even when we assume itwas relatively rarely reported; and following its inclusion in
that the intraspecific variability is very high (Figs 1-2). The Simon (1932),which added records from Algeria, Spain and
Hungarian textofthe originaldescription,butnotits German Portugal and also provided the first illustration of the male
translation in the samework,describes the epigyne as follows: and female genitalia, the species was not redescribed by mo-
“The epigyne is very characteristic: there is one pinhead-like dern authors for a long time. Numerous records are known
brown little sphere on each side ofa deeply incised leathery from the Iberian Peninsula, where the species is widespread
&
arch.”This matches the figure verywell, so that a printer’s or (Cardoso Morano 2010).The first illustrated record since
illustrator’s error can be excluded. The “pinhead” structures Simon (1932) was published only in 2014,based on a female
do not seem to be compatible with the epigynal structure of collected under dried leaves along a road margin in Malaga,
Fig.1: Illustrationoftheepigyneofa.C.rupestreinHerman'soriginaldescription;Herman 1879:Tab.VII,fig. 158);b.ofC.macedonicuminDrensky'sorigi-
naldescription;Drensky1921:Tab.I,fig. 14),andc.ofC.striolatuminArachnidesdeFrance;Simon 1932:fig. 1361).TheepigyneofC.rupestreisstructurally
quitedifferent.Incontrast,theepigynesoftheothertwotaxa representtheextremesofacontinuum inexternalappearance,and bothformsandtheir
intermediatescanbefoundwithinasinglepopulation.
EastmeetsWest 41
Fig.2:Epigyneofa."C.rupestre"'mChyzer'scollectioninHMNH,b.C.macedonicum(holotype,DrenskycollectioninNMNHS),andc.C.striolatum(possible
syntype,Simoncollection inMNHN)
Spain (Lecigne 2014). Lecigne also reported a single female eithersex.The femalegenitalia are extremelyvariable in mor-
from a dune in Saint-Cyprien, Pyrenees-Orientales, France. phology,with specimens matchingthe published illustrations
Grill et al. (2005) reported the species from Sardinia/Italy of either C. striolatum or C. macedonicum and morphological
,
and Barrientos et al. (2015) reported and illustrated the spe- intermediates between these, even within a single population
cies from the Parc Natural del Montseny, Catalonia, Spain, (Figs 3-4).
providing the first modern illustrations ofboth sexes. In the male, the tegular (median) apophysis is often di-
The similarity between C. macedonicum and C. striolatum stinctly bent in specimens of C. striolatum (Fig. 5, specimen
had already been noted by Deltshev (2003), who had exa- from mainland France), but this trait is highly variable and
mined the female holotype of C. macedonicum in Drensky’s specimens with an almost straight apophysis can be found as
collection and concluded that this species is close to C. strio- well,as is typical for C. macedonicum.
latum Simon, 1878,towhich it should be thoroughlycompa- The liind margin ofthe cheliceralgroove carries 4teeth in
red.We have carried out this thorough comparison,based on typical C. striolatum compared to 2 teeth in C. macedonicum',
,
a large number ofspecimens from the ränge of both species however,the cheliceraldentitioncan sometimesvarybetween
(see Material examined, above). the left and right side of the same animal and is difficult to
In contrast to the first impression based on published il- assess reliably. Given that cheliceral dentition has turned out
lustrations of the genitalia, C. macedonicum and C. striolatum tobe unreliable in distinguishingother closelyrelated spiders
cannot be reliably differentiated based on the genitalia in (e.g., the notorious species pair Drassodes cupreus/lapidosus
,
Fig. 3: a„ b. External view ofthe epi-
gyneoftwospecimensofC.striolatum
from Corsica representing the mace-
donicumtype ofexternal appearance.
Cleared epigyne of the latter speci-
men, in c. ventral and d. dorsal view.
Scalebars=0.2mm
42 R.Breitling, T.Bauer,A.Grabolle,P. Oger,P. Pantini,J. VanKeer, 1/1/.P.Pfliegier,E.Jantscher&J.Dolansky
the Far East consistently show a black longitudinal line on
the opisthosoma, which is missing in European specimens
(RB unpubl. observation), while the genitalia are indistingu-
ishable (Pröszyriski 1973). However, even here, the unusual
amphi-Eurasian distribution ofthe species (Logunov&Ma-
rusik 2001) indicates that perhaps the Asian population is a
separate species, Carrhotus crinitus (Karsch, 1879), which is
currentlyconsidered asynonymofC. xanthogramma.Another
relevant case is provided by the sister species Clubiona vegeta
Simon,1918,and C.genevensisL.Koch, 1866,whichare more
reliably distinguished based on their abdominal pattern and
colouration than based on their genitalia (Helsdingen 1979,
Oger unpubl.observation).
Simon (1932) mentioned that the characteristic pattern is
sometimeslackingin C. striolatum but this maybe due to the
,
inclusion of material from North Africa; examination of the
Fig.4:Cleared epigyneofC.macedonicumfrom SzentendreIsland, north African material in his collection indicates thatsome popula-
ofBudapest, Hungaryina., b.ventraland c.,d.dorsalview, photos(a,c.) tions of C. striolatum-like specimens occurring there have a
andschematicdrawing(b,d).Scalebars=0.2mm unicolourous opisthosoma.Given the lackofgenitaldiagnos-
tic characters,itis notquite clearifthese NorthAfrican spec-
&
Boizern Hänggi 2006), it seems unsuitable to distinguish imens belong to C. macedonicum or to a closely related third
the two species. species, as would be more plausible Zoogeographieally. Given
The most reliable feature to distinguish the two species is the apparentlyhighlyconservative morphology,itwouldseem
the opisthosomal pattern: male and female specimens from necessary to assess the extent ofgene flowbetween all taxain
Western Europe have a distinctreddish heart mark,followed this very distinct group using the tools ofmolecular genetics,
by a series ofred chevrons (Figs 6a, 6b).These marks remain with a focus on North Africa and the possible contact areas
distinct and clearlyvisible even in specimens that have been in the Iberian Peninsula, Italy and Slovenia. For Italy, only
stored in alcohol for around 100 years in Simons collection. C. striolatum has been reported in the literature (Caporiacco
In specimens from Eastern Europe, any indication of this 1949,Pesarini2003; anotherrecord,from the Laguna Veneta,
pattern is usually absent (Figs 6c, 6d).Traces of the chevrons Caporiacco 1950, is doubtful, according to Hansen 2007, as
can rarely be seen in male specimens, but the heart mark is it is based on a juvenile specimen). However, examination of
always pale and the pattern is never distinct in females.Thus, specimens in the collection ofthe Museo Civico di Scienze
while some extreme specimens of the two species can be si- Naturali “E. Caffi”, Bergamo, revealed that specimens from
milar in their colouration, there is no overlap in the pattern the Italian mainland and Sicilylacked the striped opisthoso-
seen in specimens ofthe two forms. The difference in opis- malpatternand shouldfornowbe considered asbelongingto
thosomal pattern is already clearly established in the juve- C. macedonicum.The most recent checklist ofSlovenian Spi-
niles, which have distinct markings in C. striolatum but not ders reportsboth C. macedonicum (sub C. rupestre) and C. stri-
in C. macedonicum, as seen in laboratory-reared specimens. olatumfrom thatcountry,basedonliterature data (Kostanjsek
& A
Comparable cases of consistent differences in colouration Kuntner 2015). moleculargenetic analysis would be the
in geographicallyvicariant populations ofwidespread Spider most suitable tool to define the precise boundarybetween C.
species seem to be very rare. One example is seen in Carrho- macedonicum and C. striolatum and to determine if sympatric
,
tus xanthogramma (Latreille, 1819): here, male specimens in populations or hybrid forms occurin the contact zone.
*>sa
!« :
Fig. 5:Ventral view ofthe pedipalp a., b. oftwo specimens ofC. macedonicum from Bulgaria and three specimens ofC.striolatum c. from Portugal,
d.mainland Franceande.Corsica
Eastmeets West 43
Fig.6:Habitusofa.femaleandb.maleC.macedonicum,andc.femaleandd.maleC.striolatum
For now, we refrain from describing the African speci- are actuallyrepresentativesofasinglewidespreadandvariable
mens as a separate species, but consider C. striolatum and C. species. Future research may allow a more confident decisi-
macedonicum as closely related, but distinct species, reliably on in favour ofone or the other hypothesis, but for now the
defined by the differences in opisthosomal pattern only. In treatment as two separate species is not only justified by the
view ofthe stable differences in pattern over a large geogra- available evidence,butis also the moreconservativeapproach,
phic area (Fig. 7) and long period oftime, we consider this minimizingthe numberofchanges in nomenclature and ma-
hypothesis more likely than the alternative that the two taxa ximizing the Information content offuture faunistic records.
Fig 7: Distribution of Cheiracanthium
striolatum (circles) and C. macedoni-
cum (squares), superimposed on a
map of climate types according to
Koppen (Peel et al. 2007). Black Sym-
bols indicate examined specimens,
open Symbols are based on literature
records.Forclarity,recordsfromclose-
lyadjacentlocationsareindicatedbya
singleSymbol.
44 R. Breitling, T. Bauer,A. Grabolle, P.Oger, P.Pantini,J. VanKeer, W.P Pfliegler, E.Jantscher&J.Dolansky
There is no clear indication for an ecological Separation and Purgstall,Austria (bothWunderlich 1982).Based on this
of the two species yet, but it is noteworthy that records of material,Jantscher(2001) re-described the species in detailin
C. macedonicumcomepredominantlyfrom montanelocalities, her unpublished doctoral thesis.
offen in grassy habitats within forests or along forest edges, Even the original description of X. albomaculatus was
while thereis areportedpreference ofC.striolatumforCoastal uncertain about its generic placement,noting an affinitywith
dune habitats in France. In the Iberian Peninsula, however, Ozyptila,andJantscher(2001) citespersonalCommunications
records of C. striolatum are widespread at altitudes from sea by Logunov and Marusik, indicating that the species proba-
level to 1900 m (Morano et al.2014). blybelongs to a newgenus,with additional representatives in
A
Siberia. closer examination shows, however, that X. albo-
ThecaseofXysticusalbomaculatus maculatuswith respecttoitscryptic mottled habitus,tree bark
Materialexamined habitatand thebasicstructureofthe copulatoryorgans isvery
GERMANY:
subX. albomaculatus: 1(3,Conweiler,Strauben- similar to species currently placed in the genus Bassaniana,
hardt near Pforzheim, “Birnbaumrinde [pear tree bark]”, 19 which has commonly found representatives in East Asia and
August 1981,coli.J.Wunderlich.AUSTRIA: 299 (1 epigyne NorthAmerica.
missing),LowerAustrianearPurgstall,Ressl,HleNg.H,J.MWunder- In Europe the genus Bassanianais represented bya single
lich coli. SLOVAKIA: 1(3 3 juv. Szomotor, Chyzer species from France,which has been just as rarelyreported as
coli. 1187 (syntypes). Uncertain locality (HUNGARY?) 19 X. albomaculatus: Bassanianabaudueri(Simon, 1877),was first
B.-Lellc.(?), Szombathy det., HNHM. described (as Oxyptila baudueri on the basis ofsubadult ma-
)
sub B. baudueri: FRANCE: 19, 2subad. (3(5“Sos [Lot-et- les and a “young female” from Sos, Lot-et-Garonne, France.
MNHN
Garonne]” 1467.2156 (syntypes) [an adult male in Another female was found in 1918 in Saint-Saud, Dordo-
the same tube is B. versicolors. str.; it was probably collected gne, together with its egg sac under the bark of a chestnut
in Contis or Mimizan, Landes, as indicated by a second la- tree. Simon (1903) transferred the species from Coriarachne
bel]. 1?“Saint Saud [Dordogne] (aout 1918!) ecorce de chä- (where he apparently had placed it in the meantime) to Xy-
MNHN
taignier [chestnut bark]”, Simon coli. 1467.25464 sticus, together with several other species currently placed in
&
(designated as“lectotype”ofB. baudueribyDejean Ledoux Bassaniana.The new records were published in Simon (1932,
2013, but not a syntype and therefore invalid). 266 Foret de publ. posthumously). In this work, the taxonomic Situation is
MNHN
Gresigne (Tarn), pitfall traps, 1999, H. Brustei leg., considerably confounded by the inclusion of an illustration
Ledoux coli. JV.10.898. 19 “Berrias (Ardeche) Montchamp, ofa supposed B. baudueri female from Spain,which actually
7/8/04”,MNHN Ledouxcoli.NQ_10.898-16.921. belongs to Xysticus cribratus (Dejean & Ledoux 2013). Mo-
reover, in addition to the records of B. baudueri (again sub
Comparativematerial Oxyptila baudueri), the work also contains a single record of
Bassaniana decorata (Karsch, 1879): JAPAN 299, 36, 7 juv. a male B. versicolor(sub Coriarachneversicolor) fromMimizan
Yokohama (syntypes of Coriarachnejaponica Simon, 1886), or Contis, Landes, which is considered an accidental intro-
MNHN
Simon coli. 1467.7346. duction.At a later stage,someone (Simon himself?) conside-
Bassaniana utahensis (Gertsch, 1932): UNITED STA" red this specimen to belong to B. baudueri, and it is currently
TES: 19, 16 New York, Banks leg., T.A. Bowling det. Nov. found in the same vial in Simons collection as the original
MNHN
1973, Simon coli. 1467.4. 999,366, lsub<3“Mass.N. type materialofthe latter.However,the structure of the pedi-
MNHN
Carol.Georg.Colora.”,T.A.Bowlingdet.Nov. 1973, palp,with a long,thin,straight embolus indicates that Simon
Simon coli. 1467.688. 299, 4<3(3 “Am. sept. pacif.” (= Pacific was actually correct in assuming that this male belongs to B.
MNHN
North America) T.A. Bowling det. Nov. 1973, Si- versicolor s. str. Mimizan was a major American army base,
mon coli. 1467.17106. housing engineering corps members working in the Landes
Bassanianaversicolor(Keyserling, 1880): UNITED STA“ forest around the town (Fenneman 1930), and together with
TES 1699, 9(3(5“Mass. N. Carol. Georg. Colora.”,T.A. Bow- the neighbouring seaside village Contis was a populär tourist
MNHN
ling det. Nov. 1973, Simon coli. 1467.688. location in the interwar years, both of which could explain
Coriarachnebrunneipes Banks, 1893: UNITED STATES: the introduction, especially as B. versicoloris a common spi-
19, lsub<3“Mass.N.Carol.Georg.Colora.”,T.A.Bowlingdet. der often found in synanthropic habitats in North America
MNHN
Nov. 1973, Simon coli. 1467.688. 19, 16Washing- (Kaston 1948).
MNHN &
ton,Banks leg.“Type!”, Simon coli. 1467.3. Dejean Ledoux (2013) were the first to report the re-
discovery of B. baudueri after an interval ofalmost 80 years,
Xysticus albomaculatus was first described in 1891 on the reporting the species to be widespread in forest locations ac-
basis of very few (“perpauca”) male and female specimens ross Southern France. They considered baudueri a subspecies
from Sätoraljaüjhely (Hungary) and the sands at Szomotor of the North American B. versicolor, and also downgraded B.
&
(= Somotor, Slovakia) (Kulczynski in Chyzer Kulczynski utahensisand (tentatively) B. decorata (fromJapan) to subspe-
1891). Other specimens were reported in a later volume of cific Status. It is true that all these species are very similar
the same worlc from Pozsony (= Bratislava, Slovakia) and in their (rather variable) habitus, as well as in their genitalia,
&
Papa (Hungary) (Chyzer Kulczynski 1897), and a single and difficult to distinguish with confidence. Probable hybrids
male was found a fewyears laterby Bösenberg (1902) on the between B. versicolor and B. utahensis have been reported as
Großer Feldberg, Taunus, Hesse, Germany; but afterwards it occurring regularly in part of the overlapping ränge of the
&
took more than 60years before the nextreliable records were two species (Dondale Redner 1978), and even the mate-
published, from Aiud, Romania (13.V.1962, Fuhn &. Nicu- rial in the Simon collection that was re-identified by T. A.
&
lescu-Burlacu 1969), Pforzheim, Germany (19.VIII.1981) Bowling during his revision ofthe genus (Bowling Sauer
6
EastmeetsWest 45
Fig.8:Pedipalp(ventral view) ofBassanianabaudueri:a.fromtheoriginaldescription ofX.albomaculatus(Kulczyhski in Chyzer&Kulczynski 1891:Tab.
III,fig.33b),b.fromaGermanspecimen(Jantscher2001:Tab.3a),andc.aFrenchspecimen (figurefrom Dejean&Ledoux2013:fig. 10B, byJean-Claude
Ledoux,courtesyofSylvain Dejean)
1975) seems to contain misidentified specimens. Neverthe- robust (not long and thin, as in B. versicolor), very gradually
less,B. baudueriseemstodifferconsistentlyinsubtledetailsof tapering towards the tip, which is clearly curved outwards
&
the genitalia of both males and females, sufficiently to justify (not straight, as in B utahensis; Dondale Redner 1978: fig.
re-elevation to species rank,in addition to the zoogeographi- 439).These characters are shared by all European specimens,
cal implausibilityof spider subspecies occurring on separated including the material reported previously as X. albomacula-
continents. In the female, the epigynal septum in B. baudueri tus from Central Europe^ and we therefore considerXysticus
isbroader and less distinct than in the related species,lacking albomaculatus ajunior synonym of Bassaniana baudueri (stat.
the deeply notched posterior margin, which is particular- nov.,syn.nov.).
ly prominent in B. decorata, but also clearly expressed in the BothX. albomaculatus and its senior synonym B. baudueri
North American species; in the male, the embolus is more have been characterized in detail before,both in the original
descriptions and in the more recentworkofJantscher (2001)
&
and Dejean Ledoux (2013). Here we only provide an ab-
breviated description and illustration of the diagnostic cha-
racters. Bassanianabaudueri is a typical member ofthe genus
Bassaniana with a variable cryptic mottled pattern ofwhite,
,
brown and black blotches, on legs and body (habitus pho-
&
tos are provided in Wunderlich 1982 and Dejean Ledoux
2013). It has rather thick, club-shaped spines on the body
(but not on the clypeus), in contrast to the thin,pointed spi-
nes ofXysticuss. str.Total length: SS3.8-4.5 mm,$9 5.0-5.
mm. Prosoma length: SS 1.9-2.2 mm,99 2.3-2.6 mm.In the
male palpus (Figs 8-9),theretrolateraltibialapophysis carries
a shortstraight tooth that is clearlyvisible inventraland dor-
salviewandreadilydistinguishesthespeciesfromsimilarEu-
ropean Spiders in Xysticus or Ozyptila.The embolus emerges
at the distal end of bulbus, is strong and with its tip distally
bent outwards retrolaterally in an almost 90° angle, different
from B. versicolorand otherAmerican species in the genus.
Thefemaleepigyne (Figs 10-11) ischaracterizedbyavery
indistinct light septum, without a distinct posterior margin
(different from B. decorata and the American species). Tire
poor definition ofthe epigynal structures might be the rea-
Fig. 9: Pedipalp (retrolateral sonwhy Simon (1877) considered his type a“young”(notfull
view)ofBassanianabaudueri, sclerotized?) female.The width and shape ofthe septum are
basedonaGermanspecimen
(Jantscher2001:Tab.3b). variable, but always broader than in the other species of the
Scalebar=0.2mm genus.
/
46 R.Breitling, T.Bauer,A.Grabolle,P.Oger, P.Pantini,J. VanKeer, 1/1/.P.Pfliegler,E.Jantscher&J.Dolansky
Fig. 10: Epigyne ofBassanianabaudueri: a.from theoriginal description ofX.albomaculatus(Kulczyhski in Chyzer& Kulczyriski 1891:Tab. III,fig. 33a),
b.froman Austrian specimen (Jantscher2001:Tab.3c),andc.a French specimen (figurefrom Dejean&Ledoux2013:fig. 10A, byJean-ClaudeLedoux,
courtesyofSylvain Dejean)
As discussed above, the generic placement ofB. baudueri female and additional adult male in MNHN, examined) is
has been unclear since its first description,with suggested af- probably misplaced in this genus and might possibly belong
finities to Ozyptila Xysticus and Coriarachne.The same holds in or near to Demogenes Simon, 1895, an unrevised genus (or
,
true forthe remainingBassanianaspecies,whichwere treated group ofgenera) ofcoriarachnine-like spiders that includes
as a distinct (unnamed) species group in Xysticus by Simon some of the dominant ground-living thomisids in the Ori-
(1903) and partly united in their own genus (P/atyxysticus) ental region and Melanesia and resembles C. nigrostriata in
by Gertsch (1932),who later (1939, 1953) synonymized this its habitus and the structure of the pedipalp (Lehtinen 2004,
genuswith CoriarachneC.L. Koch, 1837,but maintained two Marusik et al. 2005). And B. ora Seo, 1992, from Korea is
distinct species groups, corresponding to the species current- clearlyvery close to (and in all probability a junior synonym
ly placed in Coriarachne (brunneipes group) and Bassaniana of) C. fulvipes according to the illustrations of the pedipalp
[versicolorgroup). Finally, the species were placed in Bassani- provided by Seo and in Namkung (2003) (compare, e.g.,figs.
ana Strand, 1928 (type species: Bassania aemula O. Pickard- 2 and 3 in Seo 1992, to figs. 60 and 61 in Ono 1988). In
Cambridge, 1898 = B. versicolor) in its current sense by Ono contrast, the evidence for uniting the two groups in a single
(1985, 1988). Subsequently,Lehtinenproposed downgrading Coriarachnes. lat. seems to be based entirelyon adaptive cha-
Bassanianato a subgroup“lowerthan subgenus”ofCoriarach- racters, in particular the flattened body, associated with the
ne implying (erroneously) that Ono’s Separation of the two shared tree trunkhabitat. It is certainly possible thatXysticus
,
genera was based only on irrelevant differences in body sha- or Ozyptila are paraphyletic with respect to Bassaniana and
pe (flattened vs. not quite so flattened), and Dondale (2009) or Coriarachne s. str., but resolving their exact relationships
suggested that at least the North American species ofBassa- willrequire abroaderstudyofthe entire Coriarachnini (sensu
niana be placed in Coriarachne arguing that the Separation Ono 1988),preferablyusing a total evidence approach inclu-
,
was based solely on “equivocal differences in microhabitat”. dingmoleculargeneticcharacters.Until suchastudybecomes
These arguments do not seem particularly convincing: both available, we conservatively maintain the generic placement
Bassaniana and Coriarachne s. str. are very homogenous and of baudueri in Bassaniana, following the latest Version ofthe
probably monophyletic assemblages. Ofthe two outliers, C. World Spider Catalog (2016).
&
nigrostriata Simon, 1886, from Vietnam (holotype subadult In a curious twist, Dejean Ledoux (2013) had sugges-
ted that Simons first description of O. baudueri was incorn-
plete, as it did not include Information on the genitalia, and
that the correct publication date should be 1932.This change
was not widely accepted, but if it were correct, O. baudueri
would be a junior synonym of X. albomaculatus. However,
even ifthe 1877 description does not include the details that
&
Dejean Ledoux would have liked to see, it constitutes a
perfectlyvaliddescription,providingaplethoraofsupposedly
diagnostic details,and even the type material is still available.
Tire change in publication date is therefore not justified, and
the associated assignment ofa lectotype collected in 1918 is
invalid, as this specimen was not a part ofthe original type
series (ICZN art. 74,2).
The known distribution of Bassanianabaudueri as defined
here extendsfrom northernPortugal(Cardosoetal.2008,sub
B. versicolor two specimens from a Mediterranean oak forest
,
in MatadaAlbergaria,Peneda-GeresNationalPark(PNPG),
at an altitude of 600 to 700 m) and the Western coast of
Fig. 11:InternalviewoftheclearedepigyneofBassanianabaudueri(Aus- France, via Germany, Austria, Hungary, Slovakia to Central
trianspecimen,Jantscher2001:Tab.3d) Romania.Consideringthatits relatives inNorthAmerica are
EastmeetsWest 47
widespread,commonandoftenfoundinratherlargenumbers pl. 1,fig. 6 (description &illustration offemale). Syn.nov.
in synanthropic habitats (see, e.g., Shinkai 2006 and Kaston Psammitis baudueri - Wunderlich 1995: 761 (transfer from
1948),itwillbe interesting to see if the number ofrecords of Ozyptila).
&
B. baudueri will increase throughout Europe in the coming Bassaniana versicolorbaudueri — Dejean Ledoux 2013: 88,
years. New records might also fill the apparent gap between figs 9, 10A-C (transfer from Psammitis\ description and il-
&
the eastern andwestern populations. lustration of male female).
Taxonomiesummary
Acknowledgements
CheiracanthiumrupestreHerman, 1879nomendubium
We thank Julia Altmann and Peter Jäger (SMF), Läszlö Dänyi
Chiracanthium rupestre Herman, 1879: 157, 356, pl. 7, f. 158 (HNHM),PetrDolejs(NMP),StoyanLazarov(NMNHS),Dmitri
(Description and illustration of female). [Holotype ? from Logunov(MMUE),and Christine Rollard (MNHN) forproviding
HUNGARY:
Majläth (Diösgyör,Miskolc),considered lost], access to the material in their care. Anna Hirna (LNU),Wioletta
Wawer (IZ) and Christoph Hörweg (NHMW) carefully searched
Cheiracanthiummacedonicum Drensky, 1921 forpotentialtypematerialintheircollections.RobertBosmans,Pedro
(Figs la+b,2a+b,4,5a+b,6a+b) Cardoso,StanislavKorenko,StanoPekär,KevinPfeiffer,MilanRezäc,
Chiracanthium rupestre-Chyzer &Kulczynski 1897: 235,pl. FarlalnotwiesdekexSatmahilnaavtsikoynjaorfomsaltaevrSivaaltforn,omantdheJiörrgpeWrusnodnearllciocllhecgteinoenrso.uWsley
9, figs 42, 62, 78 (description of female, description and il- aregratefultoSylvainDejeanforpermissiontouseillustrationspre-
lustration ofmale; three $9examined,two ofthem byphoto- paredbythelateJean-ClaudeLedoux.ChristoDeltshevandMarjan
graphs,considered misidentified) Komnenovprovidedhelpfulinputtothediscussionoftheidentityof
Chiracanthium macedoinica [sic, lapsus] Drensky, 1921: 49, C. rupestreand C. macedonicum.We are alsogratefultothe members
77, pl. 1, figs 12-14 (description and illustration offemale). and Organizers ofthe spider forum ofthe Arachnologische Gesell-
[Holotype 9 from BULGARIA: Yakoruda, Drensky leg.,ex- schaft,where the discussions leading to this article were originally
amined]. initiated. Critical comments by Steffen Bayer,Matjaz Kuntner and
Chiracanthiummacedonica-Drensky 1929: 23 TthheeewdiotrokrsohfeJlpDedwausstsoupipmoprrtoevdebaynegarralniterDVeEr0si6oPn0of4t0hMeGma0n0us2crfirpotm.
(lapsus corrected) theMinistryofCulture,Czech Republic.
Cheiracanthium mazedonica-Drensky 1936: 173 (lapsus)
Cheiracanthium macedonicum -Roewer 1955: 480 (correction
oCfhigreancdaenrtheinudminmgacreedquoinriecdumby—IBConZnNetAr1t9.5631:.21)0.60 BRaerfreireenntcoessJA,Uribarri I &Garcia-Sarriön R2015 Aranas (Arach-
nida,Araneae) delTurö de l’Home (Parc Natural delMontseny,
Cheiracanthium rupestre—Oltean 1973: 46, figs 1-2 (descrip- Cataluna,Espana).-RevistaIbericadeAracnologia27: 61-74
tion and illustration ofmale; considered misidentified) Bayer S 2014 Miscellaneous notes on European and African Chei-
Cheiracanthium rupestre-Sterghiu 1985: 110,figs 33a-c (de- racanthium species (Araneae: Miturgidae). — Arachnologische
scription and illustration ofmale; considered misidentified) Mitteilungen 47: 19-34-doi: 10.5431/aramit4704
BoizernA&HänggiA2006DrassodeslapidosusundDrassodescupreus
Cheiracanthiumstriolatum Simon, 1878 (Araneae: Gnaphosidae)—eineunendlicheGeschichte.-Arach-
(Figs lc,2c,3,5c-e,6c+d) BonnnoeltogPisc1h9e56MitBtibeliilougnrgaepnhi3a1:a1r6a-n2e2or-umd.oi:An1a0l.y5s4e3lm/eatrhaomditi3qu10e3de
oCfhemiarlaecanatnhdiufmemaslter)i.ola[tSuymntSypiemo6n6, a1n8d789:92f6r3om(DFeRscArNipCtEio:n tCo-uFt)e.laDloWiutltaerdaotuurreea,rTaonuelooluosgei,qupep.ju9sq1u9’-e1n9129639.TomeII(2mcpartie:
“Basses-Alpes: Castellane (Sedillot ) Digne - Var. - Alpes- Bösenberg 1902 Die Spinnen Deutschlands.II-IV.- Zoologica
Maritimes. - Gironde: foret de la Teste. - Lot-et-Garonne: (Stuttgart) 14: 97-384
Sos (Bauduer [leg.]) -Corse -Basses-Pyrenees: St-Jean-de- BowlingTA&SauerRJ1975Ataxonomicrevisionofthecrabspider
Luz”, probably among the material in MNHN Simon coli. genus Coriarachne (Araneida, Thomisidae) for North America
1796.1867, but not individually identifiable]. Simon 1932: BreintolritnhgoRf,MLeexmickoe.M—,JoBuarunealrTo,fAHroahcnhenrolMo,gyGr2:ab1o8l3l-e1A93&BlickT
901,962,fig. 1360-1361 (description and illustration ofmale 2015Phantomspiders:notesondubiousspiderspeciesfromEu-
and female). Lecigne 2014: 21, fig. 6 (illustration offemale). rope.-ArachnologischeMitteilungen 50:65-80-doi: 10.5431/
Barrientos et al. 2015: 62, figs 2a-e (illustration ofmale and aramit5010
female). BryantEB 1952 Redescription ofCheiracanthium mildeiL. Koch,a
recent spider immigrant from Europe.- Psyche, Cambridge 58:
Bassanianabaudueri(Simon, 1877)stat.nov.(Figs 8-11) 120-123 -doi: 10.1155/1951/51959
Oxyptila baudueri Simon, 1877: 41 (Description of female Caporiacco L di 1949 Una piccola raccolta aracnologica dei rnonti
di Calabria.-AttidelMuseoCivicodiStoriaNaturalediTrieste
[considered “jeune”]). [Probable syntype 9 and 2juvenile 66 17: 132-136
from FRANCE: Lot-et-Garonne: Sos, M. P. Bauduer leg., CaporiaccoLdi 1950GliaraenididellalagunadiVenezia.IINota.-
examined], Simon 1932: 805, 871 (non fig. 1198, misidenti- BollettinodellaSocietäVenezianadiStoriaNaturaleedelMuseo
fied). Civico di StoriaNaturale,Venezia5: 114-140
Xysticus albomaculatus Kulczynski, in Chyzer & Kulczynski CardosoP&MoranoE2010TheIberianspiderchecklist(Araneae).
1891: 94, tab. 3, figs 33a-b (description and illustration of -Zootaxa2495: 1-52
Umjahleel&y (fSeämtaolrea)l.ja[üSjyhenltyy)pean6daSndLO9VfAroKmIAH:UNSoGmAoRtoYr:(IS.zSo.m-ao.-- CarPdHo,soScP,hmScihdatrfJfB,NS,ilCvaasIp,aSrziCi,tsHT,endreiCqausetsroSSA,C&arCvraelshpooRL,CCa2s0t0r8o
Rapid biodiversity assessment ofspiders (Araneae) using semi-
tor), sandy planes, C. Chyzer leg.; one 6 syntype examined]. quantitative sampling: a case study in a Mediterranean forest.—
Bösenberg 19&02: 352,pl.33,fig&.520 (description andillustra- InsectConservationandDiversity1:71-84-doi:10.111l/j.1752-
tion ofmale female).Fuhn Niculescu-Burlacu 1969: 80, 4598.2007.00008.x