East German foreign intelligence: myth, reality and controversy /

264 Pages·2.954 MB·English

by  edited by Thomas Wegener Friis Kristie Macrakis and Helmut Müller-Enbergs.

East German Foreign Intelligence
This edited book examines the East German foreign intelligence service (Haupt­
verwaltung Aufklärung, or HV A) as a historical problem, covering politics,
scientific-t­echnical­and­military­intelligence­and­counter-i­ntelligence.
­ The­contributors­broaden­the­conventional­view­of­East­German­foreign­intel-
ligence­as­driven­by­the­inter-G­ erman­conflict­to­include­its­targeting­of­the­
United­States,­northern­European­and­Scandinavian­countries,­highlighting­areas­
that­have­previously­received­scant­attention,­like­scientific-t­echnical­and­mili-
tary­intelligence.­The­CIA’s­underestimation­of­the­HV A­was­a­major­intelli-
gence­failure.­As­a­result,­East­German­intelligence­served­as­a­stealth­weapon­
against­the­US,­West­German­and­NATO­targets,­acquiring­the­lion’s­share­of­
critical­Warsaw­Pact­intelligence­gathered­during­the­Cold­War.­Themes­and­
topics­that­run­through­the­volume­include­the­espionage­wars;­the­HV A’s­rela-
tionship­with­the­Russian­KGB;­successes­and­failures­of­the­BND­(West­
German­Federal­Intelligence­Service)­in­East­Germany;­the­CIA­and­the­HV A;­
the HV A­in­countries­outside­of­West­Germany;­disinformation­and­the­role­and­
importance­of­intelligence­gathering­in­East­Germany.
­ This­book­will­be­of­much­interest­to­students­of­East­Germany,­Intelligence­
Studies,­Cold­War­History­and­German­politics­in­general.
Thomas Wegener Friis­is­an­Assistant­Professor­at­the­University­of­Southern­
Denmark’s­Centre­for­Cold­War­Studies.­Kristie Macrakis­is­Professor­at­
the­Georgia­Institute­of­Technology,­Atlanta.­Helmut Müller-Enbergs­was­a­
Visiting­Professor­at­the­University­of­Southern­Denmark,­2008–09­and­holds­a­
tenured­senior­staff­position­at­the­German­Federal­Commission­for­the­Stasi­
Archives­in­Berlin.
Studies in intelligence series
General­Editors:­Richard­J.­Aldrich­and­Christopher­Andrew
ISSN: 1368–9916
British Military Intelligence in the Intelligence Analysis and
Palestine Campaign 1914–1918 Assessment
Yigal Sheffy Edited by David Charters,
A. Stuart Farson and Glenn P. Hastedt
British Military Intelligence in the
Crimean War, 1854–1856 TET 1968
Stephen M. Harris Understanding­the­surprise
Ronnie E. Ford
Signals Intelligence in World War II
Edited by David Alvarez Intelligence and Imperial Defence
British­Intelligence­and­the­defence­of­
Knowing Your Friends the­Indian­Empire­1904–1924
Intelligence­inside­alliances­and­ Richard J. Popplewell
coalitions­from­1914­to­the­Cold­War
Edited by Martin S. Alexander Espionage
Past,­present,­future?
Eternal Vigilance Edited by Wesley K. Wark
50­years­of­the­CIA
Edited by Rhodri Jeffreys­J ones and The Australian Security Intelligence
Christopher Andrew Organization
An­unofficial­history
Nothing Sacred Frank Cain
Nazi espionage against the Vatican,
1939–1945 Policing Politics
David Alvarez and Security­intelligence­and­the­liberal­
Revd. Robert A. Graham democratic state
Peter Gill
Intelligence Investigations
How­Ultra­changed­history From Information to Intrigue
Ralph Bennett Studies­in­Secret­Service­based­on­the­
Swedish­Experience­1939–45
C.G. McKay
Dieppe Revisited Intelligence Services in the
A­documentary­investigation Information Age
John Campbell Michael Herman
More Instructions from the Centre Espionage and the Roots of the
Christopher and Oleg Gordievsky Cold War
The conspiratorial heritage
Controlling Intelligence David McKnight
Edited by Glenn P. Hastedt
Swedish Signal Intelligence
Spy Fiction, Spy Films and Real 1900–1945
Intelligence C.G. McKay and Bengt Beckman
Edited by Wesley K. Wark
The Norwegian Intelligence Service
Security and Intelligence in a 1945–1970
Changing World Olav Riste
New­perspectives­for­the­1990s
Edited by A. Stuart Farson, Secret Intelligence in the Twentieth
David Stafford and Wesley K. Wark Century
Edited by Heike Bungert,
A Don at War Jan G. Heitmann and Michael Wala
Sir David Hunt K.C.M.G., O.B.E.
(reprint) The CIA, the British Left and the
Cold War
Intelligence and Military Operations Calling­the­tune?
Edited by Michael I. Handel Hugh Wilford
Leaders and Intelligence Our Man in Yugoslavia
Edited by Michael I. Handel The­story­of­a­Secret­Service­operative
Sebastian Ritchie
War, Strategy and Intelligence
Michael I. Handel Understanding Intelligence in the
Twenty- First Century
Strategic and Operational Deception Journeys­in­shadows
in the Second World War Len Scott and Peter Jackson
Edited by Michael I. Handel
MI6 and the Machinery of Spying
Codebreaker in the Far East Philip H.J. Davies
Alan Stripp
Twenty- First Century Intelligence
Intelligence for Peace Edited by Wesley Wark
Edited by Hesi Carmel
Intelligence and Strategy
Selected­essays
John Robert Ferris
The US Government, Citizen Stasi
Groups and the Cold War Shield­and­sword­of­the­party
The­state-p­rivate­network John C. Schmeidel
Edited by Helen Laville and
Hugh Wilford British Intelligence and the
Arab Revolt
Peacekeeping Intelligence The­first­modern­intelligence­war
New­players,­extended­boundaries Polly A. Mohs
Edited by David Carment and
Martin Rudner Exploring Intelligence Archives
Enquiries­into­the­secret­state
Special Operations Executive Edited by R. Gerald Hughes,
A­new­instrument­of­war Peter Jackson, and Len Scott
Edited by Mark Seaman
US National Security, Intelligence
Mussolini’s Propaganda Abroad and Democracy
Subversion­in­the­Mediterranean­and­ The­Church­Committee­and­the­war­
the­Middle­East,­1935–1940 on terror
Manuela A. Williams Edited by Russell A. Miller
The Politics and Strategy of Intelligence Theory
Clandestine War Key­questions­and­debates
Special­operations­executive,­ Edited by Peter Gill, Stephen Marrin
1940–1946 and Mark Phythian
Neville Wylie
East German Foreign Intelligence
Britain’s Secret War against Japan, Myth,­reality­and­controversy
1937–1945 Edited by Thomas Wegener Friis,
Douglas Ford Kristie Macrakis and
Helmut Müller­Enbergs
US Covert Operations and Cold
War Strategy
Truman,­secret­warfare­and­the­CIA,­
1945–53
Sarah­J ane Corke
East German Foreign
Intelligence
Myth,­reality­and­controversy
Edited by Thomas Wegener Friis,
Kristie Macrakis and
Helmut Müller-Enbergs
First­published­2010
by­Routledge
2­Park­Square,­Milton­Park,­Abingdon,­Oxon­OX14­4RN
Simultaneously­published­in­the­USA­and­Canada
by­Routledge
270­Madison­Ave,­New­York,­NY­10016
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2010.
To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s
collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.
©­2010­Selection­and­editorial­matter,­Thomas­Wegener­Friis,­Kristie­
Macrakis­and­Helmut­Müller-Enbergs;­individual­chapters,­the­
contributors
All­rights­reserved.­No­part­of­this­book­may­be­reprinted­or­reproduced­or­
utilized­in­any­form­or­by­any­electronic,­mechanical,­or­other­means,­now­
known­or­hereafter­invented,­including­photocopying­and­recording,­or­in­
any­information­storage­or­retrieval­system,­without­permission­in­writing­
from­the­publishers.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A­catalogue­record­for­this­book­is­available­from­the­British­Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
A­catalog­record­for­this­book­has­been­requested
ISBN 0-203-87302-5 Master e-book ISBN
ISBN10:­0-415-48442-1­(hbk)
ISBN10:­0-203-87302-5­(ebk)
ISBN13:­978-0-415-48442-8­(hbk)
ISBN13:­978-0-203-87302-1­(ebk)
Contents
List of illustrations x
List of contributors xi
Acknowledgments xiii
PART I
Intelligence and counter-i ntelligence 1
Introduction: East German foreign intelligence as history­3
THOMAS­WEGENER­FRIIS,­KRISTIE­MACRAKIS­AND­
HELMUT­MüLLER-ENBERGS
1 Counter- intelligence in post-w ar Europe, 1945–1965 11
NIGEL­WEST
2 Western espionage and Stasi counter-e spionage in East
Germany, 1953–1961­ 19
PAUL­MADDRELL
3 The rise and fall of West German intelligence operations
against East Germany­ 34
ERICH­SCHMIDT-­EENBOOM
4 Deaf, dumb, and blind: the CIA and East Germany­ 48
BENJAMIN­B.­FISCHER
viii Contents
 5  Rosenholz: Mischa’s files, CIA’s booty­ 70
ROBERT­GERALD­LIVINGSTON
PART II
Political intelligence­ 89
6 Political intelligence: foci and sources, 1969–1989­ 91
HELMUT­MüLLER-ENBERGS
7 Active measures and disinformation as part of East Germany’s
propaganda war, 1953–1972­ 113
MICHAEL­F.­SCHOLz
8 Foreign intelligence under the roof of the Ministry for State
Security­ 134
BERND­LIPPMANN
9 East German espionage in Denmark­ 146
THOMAS­WEGENER­FRIIS
10 How the MfS’ worldview affected the intelligence cycle:
a study based on operations against the Netherlands­ 162
BEATRICE­DE­GRAAF
PART III
Scientific- technical and military intelligence­ 183
11  The crown jewels and the importance of scientific- technical 
intelligence­ 185
KRISTIE­MACRAKIS
12 The professionalization of Soviet military intelligence and
its influence on the Berlin Crisis under Khruschev­ 204
MATTHIAS­UHL
Contents ix
13 BND military espionage in East Germany, 1946–1994­ 219
ARMIN­WAGNER
People index­ 238
Place index­ 242
Cover names and operations index­ 245