Earthworm Ecology: From Darwin to Vermiculture

492 Pages·1983·11.143 MB·English

by  M. S. Ghilarov (auth.), J. E. Satchell (eds.)

Earthworm Ecology
FROM DARWIN TO VERMICUL TURE
FOR 1882.
MAN ·I~ ·BVT ·A·woR...JV\·
Frontispiece Cartoon from Punch, December 6th, 1881
Earthworm Ecology
FROM DARWIN TO VERMICUL TURE
Edited by
J. E. Satchell
Institute of Terrestrial Ecology
Merlewood Research Station
Grange-over-Sands
Cumbria, UK
LONDON NEW YORK
CHAPMAN AND HALL
First published 1983 by
Chapman and Hall Ltd
I I New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE
Published in the USA by
Chapman and Hall
733 Third Avenue, New York NY100I7
© 1983 Chapman and Hall Ltd
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 2007
University Press, Cambridge
ISBN-13: 978-94-009-5967-5 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-5965-1
DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-5965-1
All rights reserved. No part ofthis book may be reprinted, or reproduced
or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical or other means,
now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and record
ing, or in any information storage and retrieval system, without
permission in writing from the Publisher.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Earthworm ecology.
I. Opisthopora
I. Satchell, J. E.
595.I' 46 QL39 I. 04
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Main entry under title:
Earthworm ecology.
Bibliography: p.
Includes index.
I. Opisthopora-Ecology. 2. Earthworm culture.
I. Satchell, John E.
QL39I.A6E27 1983
Contents
Preface Xl
Contributors xiii
DARWIN'S CONTRIBUTION TO EARTHWORM ECOLOGY
I Darwin's Formation of Vegetable Mould-its philo
sophical basis
M. S. Ghilarov I
2 D~rwin on earthworms - the contemporary back
ground and what the critics thought
O. Graff 5
EARTHWORMS AND ORGANIC MATTER
3 Darwin's 'vegetable mould' and some modern con
cepts of humus structure and soil aggregation
M. H. B. Hayes 19
4 Organic matter turnover by earthworms
J. D. Stout 35
(with a section by B. J. O'Brien)
5 Effect of earthworms on the disappearance rate of
cattle droppings
P. Holter 49
6 Soil transport as a homeostatic mechanism for stabil
izing the earthworm environment
A. Kretzschmar 59
v
Vl Contents
EARTHWORM ECOLOGY IN GRASSLAND SOILS
7 Earthworm ecology in grassland soils
J. K. Syers and J. A. Springett 67
8 Effect of earthworms on grassland on recently re
claimed polder soils in the Netherlands
M. Hoogerkamp, H. Rogaar and H. J. P. Eijsackers 85
(with Appendix by J. H. Oude Voshaar and H. J. P.
Eijsackers)
9 The activities of earthworms and the fates of seeds
J. D. Grant 107
EARTHWORM ECOLOGY IN CULTIVATED SOILS
10 Earthworm ecology in cultivated soils
C. A. Edwards 123
I I Nitrogen turnover by earthworms in arable plots
treated with farmyard manure and slurry
N. C. Andersen 139
12 Earthworm population dynamics in different agricul
tural rotations
A. Lofs-Holmin 151
EARTHWORM ECOLOGY IN FOREST SOILS
13 Earthworm ecology in forest soil
J. E. Satchell 161
14 Earthworm ecology in deciduous forests in central
and southeast Europe
A. Zicsi 171
EARTHWORM ECOLOGY IN TROPICAL AND ARID SOILS
15 Earthworms of tropical regions -some aspects of
their ecology and relationships with soils
K.E.L~ 179
16 The ecology of earthworms in southern Africa
A. J. Reinecke 195
Contents Vll
17 Effects of fire on the nutrient content and microfiora
of casts of Pheretima alexandri
M. V. Reddy 209
EARTHWORMS AND LAND RECLAMATION
18 Earthworms and land reclamation
J. P. Curry and D. C. F. Cotton 215
19 Earthworm ecology in reclaimed opencast coal
mining sites in Ohio
J. P. Vimmerstedt 229
20 Development of earthworm populations in aban
doned arable fields under grazing management
H. J. P. Eijsackers 241
EARTHWORMS AND SOIL POLLUTION
21 Heavy metal uptake and tissue distribution III
earthworms
M. P. Ireland 247
22 Heavy metals in earthworms in non-contaminated
and contaminated agricultural soil from near
Vancouver, Canada
A. Carter, E. A. Kenney, T. F. Guthrie and
H. Timmenga
23 Earthworms and TCDD (2,3,7,8-tetrachloro
dibenzo-p-dioxin) in Seveso
G. B. Martinucci, P. Crespi, P. Omodeo, G. Osella
and G. Traldi 275
UTILIZATION OF WASTES BY EARTHWORM CULTURE
24 Earthworms as a source of food and drugs
J. R. Sabine 285
25 Assimilation by the earthworm Eisenia jetida
R. Hartenstein 297
viii Contents
26 The culture and use of Perionyx excavatus as a protein
resource in the Philippines
R. D. Guerrero 309
27 Utilization of Eudrilus eugeniae for disposal of cassava
peel
C. C. Mba 315
28 Cultivation of Eisenia jetida using dairy waste sludge
cake
K. Hatanaka, Y. Ishioka and E. Furuichi 323
29 The earthworm bait market in North America
A. D. Tomlin 331
30 A simulation model of earthworm growth and popu-
lation dynamics: application to organic waste con-
verSIOn
M. J. Mitchell 339
EARTHWORMS AND MICROFLORA
31 Earthworm microbiology
J. E. Satchell 351
32 The effects of fungi on food selection by Lumbricus
terrestris (L.)
A. Cooke 365
33 Introduction of amoebae and Rhizobium japonicum
into the gut of Eisenia jetida (Sav.) and Lumbricus
terrestris L.
J. Rouelle 375
34 Enterobacter aerogenes infection of Hoplochaetella
suctoria
B. R. Rao, 1. Karuna Sagar and J. V. Bhat 383
EARTHWORMS IN FOOD CHAINS
35 Predation on earthworms by terrestrial vertebrates
D. W. Macdonald 393
Contents ix
36 Predation on earthworms by the Black-headed gull
(Larus ridibundus L.)
G. Cuendet 415
37 Agastrodrilus Omodeo and Vaillaud, a genus of car
nivorous earthworms from the Ivory Coast
P. Lavelle 425
EARTHWORM EVOLUTION AND DISTRIBUTION
PATTERNS
38 The establishment of earthworm communities
M. B. Bouche 431
39 The structure of earthworm communities
P. Lavelle 449
TAXONOMY AND NOMENCLATURE
40 The scientific names of earthworms
R. W. Sims
41 A guide to the valid names of Lumbricidae
(Oligochaeta)
E. G. Easton 475
Systematic index
General index 492