Table Of ContentEarly Life History
and Recruitment
in Fish Populations
CHAPMAN & HALL FISH AND FISHERIES SERIES
Amongst the fishes, a remarkably wide range of fascinating biological
adaptations to diverse habitats has evolved. Moreover, fisheries are of
considerable importance in providing human food and economic benefits.
Rational exploitation and management of our global stocks of fishes must
rely upon a detailed and precise insight of the interaction of fish biology
with human activities.
The Chapman & Hall Fish and Fisheries Series aims to present authorita
tive and timely reviews which focus on important and specific aspects of
the biology, ecology, taxonomy, physiology, behaviour, management and
conservation of fish and fisheries. Each volume will cover a wide but
unified field with themes in both pure and applied fish biology. Although
volumes will outline and put in perspective current research frontiers, the
intention is to provide a synthesis accessible and useful to both experts and
non-specialists alike. Consequently, most volumes will be of interest to a
broad spectrum of research workers in biology, zoology, ecology and
physiology, with an additional aim of the books encompassing themes
accessible to non-specialist readers, ranging from undergraduates and
postgraduates to those with an interest in industrial and commercial
aspects of fish and fisheries.
Applied topics will embrace synopses of fishery issues which will appeal
to a wide audience of fishery scientists, aquaculturists, economists, geogra
phers and managers in the fishing industry. The series will also contain
practical guides to fishery and analysis methods and global reviews of parti
cular types of fisheries.
Books already published and forthcoming are listed below. The Publisher
and Series Editor would be glad to discuss ideas for new volumes in the
series.
Available titles
l. Ecology of Teleost Fishes 4. Early Life History of Fish
Robert J. Wootton An energetics approach
2. Cichlid Fishes Ewa Kamler
Behaviour, ecology and 5. Fisheries Acoustics
evolution David N. MacLennan and
Edited by Miles A. Keenlyside E. John Simmonds
3. Cyprinid Fishes 6. Fish Chemoreception
Systematics, biology and Edited by Toshiaki J. Hara
exploitation 7. Behaviour of Teleost Fishes
Edited by Ian J. Winfield and Second edition
Joseph S. Nelson Edited by Tony J. Pitcher
8. Genetics and Fish Breeding 18. The Impact of Species Changes
Colin R. Purdom in African Lakes
9. Fish Ecophysiology Edited by Tony J. Pitcher
J. Cliff Rankin and and Paul B. Hart
Frank B. Jensen 19. Pike
10. Fish Swimming Biology and exploitation
John J. Videler Edited by John F. Craig
11. On the Dynamics of Exploited 20. Reef Fisheries
Fish Populations Edited by Nicholas V.C. Polunin
Raymond J.H. Beverton and Callum M. Roberts
and Sidney J. Holt 21. Early Life History and
(Facsimile reprint) Recruitment in Fish
12. Sea Bass Populations
Graham D. Pickett and Michael Edited by R. Christopher
G. Pawson Chambers and Edward
13. Fish Bioenergetics A. Trippel
Malcolm Jobling 22. Fish and Fisheries of Tropical
14. On the Sex of Fish and Gender Estuaries
of Scientists Stephen J.M. Blaber
Daniel Pauly
15. Hake
Fisheries, products and markets Forthcoming titles
Edited by Ju rgen Alheit and
Tony J. Pitcher Fisheries Ecology
16. Environmental Biology of Second edition
Fishes Edited by T.J. Pitcher and P.J. Hart
Malcolm Jobling
17. Electric Fishes
History and behavior
Peter Moller
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Early Life History
and Recruitment
in Fish Populations
Edited by
R. Christopher Chambers
National Marine Fisheries Service
Northeast Fisheries Science Center
James J. Howard Marine Sciences Laboratory
Highlands, New Jersey
USA
and
Edward A. Trippel
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
St Andrews Biological Station
St Andrews, New Brunswick
Canada
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First edition 1997
© 1997 Chapman & Hall
Softcover reprint oft he hardcover 1s t edition 1997
Typeset in 10/12 Photina by Acorn Bookwork. Salisbury. Wiltshire
ISBN-13: 978-94-010-7144-4 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-1439-1
DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-1439-1
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Contents
List of contributors xv
Series foreword xix
Tony J. Pitche.r
Introduction: the early life history of fishes and its role in
recruitment processes xxi
Edward A. Trippel and R. Christopher Chambers
Literature cited xxx
Selected key literature xxxi
1 Prologue. Recruitment in fish populations: the paradigm shift
generated by ICES Committee A 1
Michael Sinclair
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 The naming of ICES Committee A 2
1. 3 The scope of work undertaken by Committee A 6
1.4 The groundfish egg and larval studies of Committee A 11
1.5 Hjort's new paradigm 14
1.6 Summary of importance of early life history studies on
the paradigm shift 18
1.7 Influence of Hjort on recruitment studies between 1914
and 1930 18
1.8 The Canadian Fisheries Expedition 22
1. 9 Conclusions 23
Acknowledgements 25
References 25
Part One Parent-Progeny Relationships 29
2 Effects of adult age and size structure on reproductive output
in marine fishes 31
Edward A. Trippel. Olav S. Kjesbu and Per Solemial
2.1 Introduction 31
2.2 Changes in demographic structure of fish populations 32
viii Contents
2.3 Effects of changes in demographic structure on
reproductive output 38
2.4 Relevance to survival in early life and recruitment theory 47
2.5 Stock-recruitment relationships and their application 51
2.6 Areas of future research 52
Acknowledgements 55
References 55
3 Environmental influences on egg and propagule sizes in marine
fishes 63
R. Christopher Chambers
3.1 Introduction 63
3.2 Egg size as an indicator of fitness 65
3.3 Data sources, quality and structure 66
3.4 Sources of variation in egg size 69
3.5 Suggested further research on egg and propagule size
variation 90
3.6 Conclusions 94
Acknowledgements 95
References 95
4 Regulation of energy acquisition and allocation to respiration,
growth and reproduction: simulation model and example
using rainbow trout 103
Webster Van Winkle, Brian J. Shuter, Brady D. Holcomb,
Henriette 1. Jager, Jeffrey A. Tyler and Shree Y. Whitaker
4.1 Introduction 103
4.2 Conceptual framework 104
4.3 Description of bioenergetics model III
4.4 Example simulation for rainbow trout 123
4.5 Discussion 128
Acknowledgements 131
References 131
5 Life history responses to environmental variability in early life l39
Jeffrey A. Hutchings
5.1 Introduction l3 9
5.2 Variable juvenile mortality and offspring size 141
5.3 Variable juvenile growth rate and age at maturity 149
5.4 Future considerations 158
Acknowledgements 163
References 163
Contents ix
Part Two Selective Processes in the Early Life History 169
6 Patterns and consequences of selective processes in teleost
early life histories 173
Edward D. Houde
6.1 Introduction 173
6.2 Size-based ecosystem theory and early life dynamics 174
6.3 Stage-specific survival 177
6.4 Dynamic processes 180
6.5 Foraging 182
6.6 Predation 184
6.7 Recruitment implications 187
6.8 Future directions 191
Acknowledgements 193
References 193
7 The use of field studies to investigate selective processes in fish
early life history 197
Thomas J. Miller
7.1 Introduction 197
7.2 Operation of selection 200
7.3 Approaches to measuring selection 203
7.4 Assumptions required in quantifying selection 207
7.5 Comparison of model and empirical data 209
7.6 Conclusions and directions for future researh 218
Acknowledgements 220
References 220
8 Ontogeny, growth and the recruitment process 225
Lee A. Fuiman and Dennis M. Higgs
8.1 Introduction 225
8.2 Developmental processes 227
8.3 Empirical partitioning of developmental effects 230
8.4 Ecological consequences of development 231
8.5 Quantification of size and ontogenetic state 238
8.6 Uncoupling of ontogeny and growth 242
8.7 Areas for future research 244
8.8 Summary 244
Acknowledgements 245
References 245
x Contents
9 Ontogeny of cannibalism in larval and juvenile fishes with
special emphasis on Atlantic cod 251
Arild Folkvord
9.1 Introduction 251
9.2 Ontogeny of coeval cannibalism 253
9.3 Cannibalism as a selective process 259
9.4 Importance of cannibalism in the field 264
9.5 Perspectives 269
Acknowledgements 273
References 273
10 Size-selective predation on juvenile North Sea flatfish and
possible implications for recruitment 279
Henk W. Van der Veer, Tim Ellis, John M. Miller, Lei! Pihl and
Adriaan D. Rijnsdorp
10.1 Introduction 279
10.2 Size-selective predation and recruitment 280
10.3 Field data 281
lOA Discussion 294
Acknowledgements 300
References 301
11 Natural selection and the evolution of growth rate in the
early life history: what are the trade-offs? 305
David O. Conover and Eric T. Schultz
11.1 Introduction 305
11.2 Selective processes and local adaptation 306
11.3 Using local adaptation to test theory 312
11.4 Balancing selection on growth rate: what are the
trade-offs? 318
11.5 Testing for physiological trade-offs with growth rate 324
11.6 Conclusions and suggestions for future research 325
Acknowledgements 326
References 327
12 Predation on juvenile fishes: dynamic interactions between
size-structured predators and prey 333
James A. Rice, Larry B. Crowder and Elizabeth A. Marschall
12.1 Dynamics of predator-prey interactions during early life
history 333
12.2 Insights and evidence from empirical studies 335
