Early Arrhythmias Resulting from Myocardial Ischaemia: Mechanisms and Prevention by Drugs

384 Pages·1982·50.11 MB·English

by  James R. Parratt MSc

Early Arrhythmias Resulting from
Myocardial Ischaemia
Early Arrhythmias Resulting from
Myocardial Ischaemia
Mechanisms and Prevention by Drugs
Edited by
James R. Parratt
MSc, PhD, DSc, FPS
Department ofPhysiology
and Pharmacology, Royal College,
University ofStrathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
M
©The contributors 1982
Softcoverreprintofthehardcover1stedition1982
Allrightsreserved.No part ofthis publication
may be reproduced or transmitted,in any form
or by any means, without permission.
Firstpublished 1982 by
The Scientific and MedicalDivisionof
MacmillanPressLtd
London and Basingstoke
Companies and representatives throughout the world
Typesetin 1O/12ptIBM(PressRoman) by
RDL., 26 MulgraveRoad,Sutton,Surrey
ISBN978-1-349-06262-1 ISBN978-1-349-06260-7 (eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-1-349-06260-7
Contributors
ABRAHMSSON,T. MD Department of Pharmacology, AB Hassle,
S-431 83Molndal,Sweden
ALMGREN, O. MD Department of Pharmacology, AB Hassle,
S-431 83 Molndal,Sweden
BROWNING,R. C. MB,BS, Pfizer Corporation, Africa Middle East
DRCOG Management Centre, International House,
POBox 30340,Nairobi,Kenya
COKER,S.J. PhD Department ofPhysiology and Pharmacology,
University of Strathclyde, George Street,
GlasgowG1 lXW,Scotland
CORR,P.B. MD Professor, Department of Medicine (Cardio
vascular Division), Washington University
School ofMedicine,660SouthEuclid Avenue,
St Louis,Missouri63110,USA
DENNIS, S.C. PhD The Lickoff Cardiovascular Institute,
Hahnemann Medical College, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania 19102,USA
FITZGERALD,J. D.MD,FRCP Head of Research Department II, Imperial
Chemical Industries PLC Pharmaceuticals
Division,AlderleyPark,Macclesfield,Cheshire,
UK
HEARSE,D.J. PhD Chief Investigator, Myocardial Metabolism
Research Laboratories, The Rayne Institute,
St Thomas'Hospital,London SEI,UK
HIRCHE, Hj.MD Professor and Director, Institute fur
Angewandte Physiologie, Medizinische
vi Contributors
Einrichtungen der Universitat zu Kb1n,
5 Koln 41, Robert-Koch-Strasse 39, Koln
Lindenthal,WestGermany
HOLMGREN,S. MD Department of Zoophysiology, University of
Gi:iteborg,Goteborg,Sweden
JANSE,M.J. MD Department of Cardiology and Clinical
Physiology, University Hospital Wilhelmina
Gasthuis, Eerste Halmersstraat 104,1054EG,
Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Inter
university Cardiology Institute, Amsterdam,
The Netherlands
LAB,M.J. PhD Department of Physiology, Charing Cross
Hospital Medical School, London W6 8RF,
UK
MARSHALL, R.J. PhD Head of Department of Pharmacology,
Scientific Development Group, Organon
Laboratories Limited,Newhouse,Lanarkshire,
Scotland
MEESMANN,W. MD Professor and Head of Department, Institut
fiir Pathophysiologie, Universitatsklinikum
Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, D4300 Essen,
FederalRepublicofGermany
OLNER,M.F.MD,FRCP Duke of Edinburgh Professor of Cardiology,
University Department of Medicine, The
Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh EH3 9YW and
Cardiovascular Research Unit, Hugh Robson
Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH8
9XF,Scotland
PARRATT,J. R. PhD, DSc Professor, Department of Physiology and
Pharmacology, University of Strathc1yde,
George Street, Glasgow G1 lXW, Scotland
PODZUWEIT,T. MD Max-Planck-Institute for Physiological and
Clinical Research, W.G. Kerckhoff Institut,
Parkstrasse 1, D-6350 Bad Nauheim, Federal
Republic ofGermany
Contributors vii
RIEMERSMA,R. A. PhD University of Edinburgh, Cardiovascular
Research Unit, HughRobson Building,George
Square,EdinburghEH89XF,Scotland
RUSSELL,D. MD,MRCP DepartmentofMedicine,TheRoyal Infirmary,
Edinburgh EH3 9YW, and Cardiovascular
Research Unit,HughRobson Building,George
Square,EdinburghEH89XF,Scotland
SHANKS,R.G.MD,DSc,MRCP WhitlaProfessorofPharmacology,Department
of Therapeutics and Pharmacology, Queen's
University, Whitla Medical Building, 97
Lisburn Road,Belfast,BT97BL,Northern
Ireland
SHERIDAN,D. MD,MRCP Department of Cardiology, Welsh National
School of Medicine, University of Wales,
Heath Park,CardiffCF4 4XN,Wales
SOBEL,B.E. MD Professor and Head,Department ofMedicine
(Cardiovascular Division), Washington Univer
sity School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid
Avenue,St Louis,Missouri63110,USA
SZEKERES,L. MD,DSc Professor and Head of Institute of Pharma
cology, University MedicalSchool ofSzeged,
Domter 12,Szeged,Hungary
WINSLOW,E. PhD DepartmentofPharmacology,Scientific Deve
lopment Group, Organon Laboratories
Limited, Newhouse, Lanarkshire, Scotland
Contents
Contributors v
Foreword xi
Preface xiii
Suddencardiacdeath- an overview
M F. Oliver
2 Myocardialischaemiaand metabolicchanges associated with the 15
genesisofventriculararrhythmias
s.
D. HearseandS. C. Dennis
3 Early ventriculararrhythmias: relationship ofelectrophysiology to 37
bloodflow and metabolism
D.C. Russell
4 Electrophysiologicalchanges in the acute phase ofmyocardial 57
ischaemia and mechanismsofventriculararrhythmias
u.r. lanse
5 Stress-strain-relateddepolarisationin the myocardiumand 81
arrhythmogenesisin early ischaemia
M.l.Lab
6 Early arrhythmiasand primaryventricularfibrillation after acute 93
myocardialischaemiain relation to pre-existingcoronary collaterals
W.Meesmann
7 Early arrhythmias,myocardialextracellularpotassiumand pH 113
Hj.Hirche,R. Friedrich, U.Kebbel, F.McDonaldandV.Zylka
8 Myocardialcatecholaminerelease in acute myocardialischaemia; 125
relationship to cardiacarrhythmias
R.A.Riemersma
9 The possible role ofthe sympatheticnervoussystemin the genesis 139
ofearly post-ischaemiaarrhythmias
W. Meesmann
x Contents
10 Noradrenaline release in acute myocardialischaemia,afluorescence- 153
histochemical and biochemical study
T.Abrahamsson, S.Holmgren and O.Almgren
11 Early arrhythmiasresultingfrom acute myocardialischaemia;possible 171
role ofcyclic AMP
T.Podzuweit
12 Amphiphiliclipid metabolism and ventricular arrhythmias 199
P.B. CO"andB. E. Sobel
13 Early ventriculararrhythmiasarising from acute myocardialischaemia; 219
possible involvement ofprostaglandins and thromboxanes
S.J.Coker
14 Theeffectofnon-steroidal anti-inflammatorydrugsand oflinoleic acid- 239
rich diet on early arrhythmias resultingfrom myocardialischaemia
L. Szekeres,I. Lepran,E.Boros, 1.TakatsandM.Koltai
15 The effectsofsodium channelinhibitors on early arrhythmias 251
associatedwithacute myocardialischaemia
R.J.MarshallandE. Winslow
16 The effects of~-adrenoceptorblockingdrugs on earlyarrhythmias 295
in experimental and clinicalmyocardial ischaemia
J.D. Fitzgerald
17 Myocardial ~·adrenoceptorsand arrhythmiasinduced by myocardial 317
ischaemia
D.Sheridan
18 Inhibitorsofthe slow calcium current and earlyventricular 329
arrhythmias
J.R.Parratt
19 Sulphinpyrazoneand early post-infarctionarrhythmias 347
R. C. Browning
20 Treatment ofarrhythmiasin the early stages ofclinical acute 359
myocardialinfarction
R. G.Shanks
Index 371
Foreword
This book was based on ameetingofthe CardiacMuscleResearchGroup organised
byProfessorParratt andheld inGlasgowinMarch 1981.
The Cardiac Muscle Research Group wasstarted in 1972 by Keith Gibson and
DavidHearse.It came into being to provide a forum for scientists in Britaininter
ested in the working of the heart. It has flourished on informality and flexibility.
Its proceedings are not published. It has, however, welcomed experiment. This
meeting wasone such,inthat it drewon amore internationalfieldofspeakersthan
usualandin thatwhat areineffect its proceedingsform the basisfor thisbook.
The meeting well exemplified the Group's purpose in providing for an inter
disciplinary approach with basic scientists and clinicians addressing from their
different standpoints the focal subjects of, on this occasion,the mechanisms and
prevention of early arrhythmias resulting from myocardial ischaemia. The import
ance of the subject needs no emphasising, 'sudden death' because ofjust such
arrhythmias being perhaps the single biggest medical problem in the developed
countriestoday.
Andrew Henderson MD FRCP,
Professor ofCardiology,
WelshNational School of Medicine;
FormerChairman,Cardiac
MuscleResearchGroup