dyslipidemia - from prevention to treatment

480 Pages·2012·10 MB·English

by  Intech Prepress 5

DYSLIPIDEMIA -
FROM PREVENTION
TO TREATMENT

Edited by Roya Kelishadi
Dyslipidemia - From Prevention to Treatment
Edited by Roya Kelishadi

Published by InTech
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Copyright © 2012 InTech
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First published January, 2012
Printed in Croatia

A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com
Additional hard copies can be obtained from [email protected]

Dyslipidemia - From Prevention to Treatment, Edited by Roya Kelishadi
p. cm.
ISBN 978-953-307-904-2

Contents

Preface IX
Chapter 1 Obesity Related Lipid Profile and Altered Insulin
Incretion in Adolescent with Policystic Ovary Syndrome 1
Annamaria Fulghesu and Roberta Magnini
Chapter 2 Ethnic Difference in Lipid Profiles 15
Lei Zhang, Qing Qiao and Yanhu Dong
Chapter 3 Nutrigenetics and Dyslipidemia 41
Maryam Shalileh
Chapter 4 Impact of Climate Change
and Air Pollution on Dyslipidemia
and the Components of Metabolic Syndrome 73
Roya Kelishadi and Parinaz Poursafa
Chapter 5 Dyslipidemia and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus:
Implications and Role of Antiplatelet Agents in
Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease 79
Hasniza Zaman Huri
Chapter 6 Dyslipidemia: Genetics and Role
in the Metabolic Syndrome 93
Nora L. Nock and Aiswarya L.P. Chandran Pillai
Chapter 7 Functions of OSBP/ORP Family Proteins
and Their Relation to Dyslipidemia 127
Hiroshi Koriyama, Hironori Nakagami,
Tomohiro Katsuya and Ryuichi Morishita
Chapter 8 Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle
Plasticity in Obesity and Metabolic Disease 141
Jozef Ukropec and Barbara Ukropcova
VI Contents

Chapter 9 Pleiotropic Functions of HDL Lead to
Protection from Atherosclerosis and Other Diseases 173
Vassilis Zannis, Andreas Kateifides,
Panagiotis Fotakis, Eleni Zanni and Dimitris Kardassis
Chapter 10 Disrupted VLDL Features and
Lipoprotein Metabolism in Sepsis 199
Patricia Aspichueta, Nerea Bartolomé, Xabier Buqué,
María José Martínez, Begoña Ochoa and Yolanda Chico
Chapter 11 Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor β/δ (PPAR β/δ)
as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Dyslipidemia 215
Emma Barroso, Lucía Serrano-Marco,
Laia Salvadó, Xavier Palomer and Manuel Vázquez-Carrera
Chapter 12 Liver Glucokinase and Lipid Metabolism 235
Anna Vidal-Alabró, Andrés Méndez-Lucas,
Jana Semakova, Alícia G. Gómez-Valadés and Jose C. Perales
Chapter 13 Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells
and Regulation of Blood Lipoproteins 263
Dmitri Svistounov, Svetlana N. Zykova,
Victoria C. Cogger, Alessandra Warren,
Aisling C. McMahon, Robin Fraser and David G. Le Couteur
Chapter 14 Dyslipidemia and Cardiovascular Risk:
Lipid Ratios as Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease 279
Telmo Pereira
Chapter 15 Dyslipidemia and Cardiovascular Disease 303
Hossein Fakhrzadeh and Ozra Tabatabaei-Malazy
Chapter 16 Cardiovascular Risk in Tunisian
Patients with Bipolar I Disorder 321
Asma Ezzaher, Dhouha Haj Mouhamed,
Anwar Mechri, Fadoua Neffati, Wahiba Douki,
Lotfi Gaha and Mohamed Fadhel Najjar
Chapter 17 Dyslipidemia and Mental Illness 349
D. Saravane
Chapter 18 Dyslipidemia Induced by Stress 367
Fernanda Klein Marcondes, Vander José das Neves,
Rafaela Costa, Andrea Sanches, Tatiana Sousa Cunha,
Maria José Costa Sampaio Moura, Ana Paula Tanno
and Dulce Elena Casarini
Contents VII

Chapter 19 Cholesterol and Triglycerides
Metabolism Disorder in Malignant Hemopathies 391
Romeo-Gabriel Mihăilă
Chapter 20 Lipids in the Pathogenesis of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia:
Emerging Connections 411
Ajit Vikram and Poduri Ramarao
Chapter 21 Dyslipidemia in Patients with
Lipodystrophy in the Use of Antiretroviral Therapy 427
Rosana Libonati, Cláudia Dutra, Leonardo Barbosa,
Sandro Oliveira, Paulo Lisbôa and Marcus Libonati
Chapter 22 Fenofibrate: Panacea for Aging-Related Conditions? 447
Makoto Goto
Chapter 23 Predictors of the Common Adverse
Drug Reactions of Statins 459
Hadeer Akram AbdulRazzaq, Noorizan Abd Aziz,
Yahaya Hassan, Yaman Walid Kassab and Omar Ismail

Preface

The term dyslipidemia origins from dys- + lipid (fat) + -emia (in the blood), and
essentially refers to serum lipid disorders. By definition, dyslipidemia is a disorder
of lipoprotein metabolism in terms of either lipoprotein overproduction or
deficiency. It may be expressed by increased serum total cholesterol, low-density
lipoprotein cholesterol and/or triglycerides, a decrease in high-density lipoprotein
cholesterol concentration, and/or various combinations of such disorders.
Lipoproteins, which contain lipids and proteins (apolipoproteins), are mainly
responsible for transporting plasma lipids from the intestines and liver to peripheral
tissues.
Dyslipidemia has a complex pathophysiology consisting of various genetic, lifestyle,
and environmental factors. It has many adverse health impacts, and has a pivotal role
in the development of chronic non-communicable diseases.
Significant ethnic differences exist due to the prevalence and types of lipid
disorders. While elevated serum total and LDL-cholesterol are the main concern in
Western populations, in other countries hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL-
cholesterol are more prevalent. The latter types of lipid disorders are considered as
components of the metabolic syndrome, which is a clustering of dyslipidemia,
hypertension, dysglycemia, and obesity. The rapid escalating trend of obesity at
global level, which is associated with obesogenic milieus through high-calorie intake
and sedentary lifestyle, as well as the environmental factors, will result in increasing
prevalence of dyslipidemia, and will make it a global medical and public health
threat.
This situation is not limited to adults, and the pediatric age group is being involved
more and more. The results of longitudinal studies support the association of risk
factors cluster in children and adolescents with future chronic diseases.
However, the processes by which lipids and lipoproteins participate in the
development of non-communicable diseases at different life stages continue to be an
area of controversy. Several experimental and clinical research studies are being
conducted regarding issues related to the underlying mechanisms and therapeutic
modalities.
X Preface

The current book is providing a general overview of dyslipidemia from diverse
aspects of pathophysiology, ethnic differences, prevention, health hazards, and
treatment.

Prof. Roya Kelishadi
Faculty of Medicine & Child Health Promotion Research Center,
Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan,
Iran