Dynamics of Democracy in Taiwan: The Ma Ying-jeou Years

434 Pages·8.554 MB·English

by  Kharis Templeman, Yun-han Chu, Larry Diamond

Dynamics of
Democracy in
TAIWAN

Dynamics of
Democracy in
TAIWAN
The Ma Ying-jeou Years
edited by
Kharis Templeman
Yun-han Chu
Larry Diamond
boulder
london
Published in the United States of America in 2020 by
Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc.
1800 30th Street, Suite 314, Boulder, Colorado 80301
www.rienner.com
and in the United Kingdom by
Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc.
Gray’s Inn House, 127 Clerkenwell Road, London EC1 5DB
© 2020 by Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Templeman, Kharis, editor. | Chu, Yun-han, editor. | Diamond, Larry
Jay, editor.
Title: Dynamics of Democracy in Taiwan : the Ma Ying-jeou Years / edited
by Kharis Templeman, Yun-han Chu, and Larry Diamond.
Description: Boulder, Colorado : Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc., 2020. |
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2020014995 | ISBN 9781626379046 (hardcover) | ISBN
9781626379114 (paperback)
Subjects: LCSH: Taiwan—Politics and government—2000 | Democracy—Taiwan.
| Political parties—Taiwan.
Classification: LCC DS799.847 .D86 2020 | DDC 320.951249—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020014995
British Cataloguing in Publication Data
A Cataloguing in Publication record for this book
is available from the British Library.
Printed and bound in the United States of America
The paper used in this publication meets the requirements
of the American National Standard for Permanence of
Paper for Printed Library Materials Z39.48-1992.
5 4 3 2 1
Contents
List of Illustrations vii
Acknowledgments xi
1
The Dynamics of Democracy During the Ma Ying-jeou Years 1
Kharis Templeman, Yun-han Chu, and Larry Diamond
Part 1 Party Politics and Elections
2
The 2012 Elections 39
Shelley Rigger
3
The DPP in Opposition 55
Austin Horng-En Wang
4
The KMT in Power 75
Nathan F. Batto
5
The Party System Before and After the 2016 Elections 105
Kharis Templeman
Part 2 Democratic Institutions and Governance
6
The Challenges of Governance 131
Yun-han Chu and Yu-tzung Chang
7
Legislative Politics 155
Isaac Shih-hao Huang and Shing-yuan Sheng
v
vi Contents
8
Watchdog Institutions 183
Christian Göbel
9
Managing the Economy 203
Pei-shan Lee
Part 3 Public Opinion and Civil Society
10
Assessing Support for Democracy 221
Yu-tzung Chang and Yun-han Chu
11
Trends in Public Opinion 245
Ching-hsin Yu
12
The Impact of Social Movements 271
Dafydd Fell
13
Who Are the Protesters? Why Are They Protesting? 291
Min-hua Huang and Mark Weatherall
14
Social Media and Cyber-Mobilization 311
Eric Chen-hua Yu and Jia-sin Yu
Part 4 Looking Outward
15
Cross-Strait Relations 339
Szu-yin Ho
16
In the Shadow of Great Power Rivalry 361
Dean P. Chen
Bibliography 385
The Contributors 401
Index 403
About the Book 420
Illustrations
Tables
1.1 Freedom House Overall Score for Selected Countries,
2008–2018 2
4.1 Attitudes Toward Various Formulations for
Cross-Strait Relations, 2015 and 2016 86
4.2 Maintaining Cross-Strait Peace and Protecting
Taiwan’s Interests, 2012 and 2016 99
4.3 KMT and DPP Positions on the Independence-Unification
Spectrum, 2008 and 2016 99
5.1 Electoral Volatility in Taiwan, 1995–2020 110
5.2 Electoral Volatility in Asia 111
5.3 Party-List Vote Shares in the 2016 Legislative Yuan Election 123
7.1 Distribution of Bills, All Ma Years 166
7.2 Distribution of Committee Chairmanships, Ma Years 167
7.3 Decisionmaking Mechanisms for Bills at the
Second Reading, Ma Years 169
7.4 Outcomes of Negotiation, Ma Years 170
7.5 Outcomes of Negotiation by Initiator, Ma Years 171
7.6 Success Rates of Legislative Bills by Initiator, Ma Years 172
7.7 Success Rates by Scope of Bills, Ma Years 174
7.8 Compromised Outcomes in High-Priority Legislation 175
10.1 Four Waves of the Asian Barometer Survey in Taiwan 224
11.1 Impacts of Power Alternation on Preference for Unification
vs. Independence 267
vii
viii Illustrations
13.1 ANOVA Means Comparison 301
13.2 Means Comparisons of Targeted Groups for
Democratic Attitudes 305
15.1 Cross-Strait Agreements Signed During the Ma Era,
2008–2016 350
Figures
1.1 Freedom House Aggregate Score for Selected Countries,
2014–2019 3
1.2 Annual GDP Change in Taiwan by Quarter, 2000–2019 14
1.3 Nominal GDP per Capita in Asia, 2000–2018 15
1.4 Taiwan’s Official Monthly Unemployment Rate, 2000–2020 16
1.5 Purchasing Power Parity–Adjusted GDP per Capita in Asia,
2000–2016 17
3.1 Pan-Green Camp Vote Share in 2012 vs. 2016 Legislative
Elections by Coalition Method 65
4.1 National Identity and Legislative Election Results, 1991–2016 82
4.2 National Identity, Opening to China, and Presidential Vote,
2008–2016 84
4.3 Support for the Cross-Strait Services Trade Agreement,
2013–2014 88
5.1 Partisanship in Taiwan, 1994–2019 112
5.2 A “Major” Realignment: A New Dimension of
Competition Breaks Apart Existing Party Coalitions 118
5.3 A “Minor” Realignment: Party System Shifts from Parity to
an Advantage for Party A 119
5.4 Tsai Ing-wen District Vote Share Compared to DPP, NPP,
and Other Third-Party Candidates in 2016 122
7.1 Success Rates of Government Bills in Taiwan
and Other Democracies 157
7.2 Legislative Review Process in the Legislative Yuan 161
8.1 Approved Wiretapping Warrants: Cases, Lines, and Duration,
2007–2014 191
8.2 Indictments on Political Corruption Charges:
Cases and Persons, 1994–2015 193
8.3 Indictments on Political Corruption Charges:
Position of Indicted Persons and Involved Sums, 1994–2015 194
9.1 Gross Domestic Investment in Taiwan, 2000–2017 204