Table Of ContentDynamics in Human and
Primate Societies:
Agent-Based Modeling of
Social and Spatial Processes
This page intentionally left blank
DYNAMICS IN
HUMAN AND PRIMATE
SOCIETIES
Agent-Based Modeling of
Social and Spatial Processes
Editors
Timothy A. Kohler
George J. Gumerman
Santa Fe Institute
Studies in the Sciences of Complexity
New York Oxford
Oxford University Press
2000
Oxford University Press
Oxford New York
Athens Auckland Bangkok Bogota Buenos Aires Calcutta
Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Florence Hong Kong Istanbul
Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai
Nairobi Paris Sao Paulo Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto Warsaw
and associated companies in
Berlin Ibadan
Copyright © 2000 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
Published by Oxford University Press, Inc.
198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016
Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,
without the prior permission of Oxford University Press.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Dynamics in human and primate societies : agent-based modeling of social
and spatial processes / [edited] by Timothy A. Kohler and George J. Gumerman.
p. cm. — (Santa Fe Institute studies in the sciences of complexity)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-19-513167-3 (cloth); ISBN 0-19-513168-1 (pbk.)
1. Social evolution—Mathematical models. 2. Social evolution—Computer simulation
3. Social history—To 500—Mathematical models. 4. Social history—To 500—
Computer simulation. 5. Animal societies—Mathematical models.
6. Animal societies—Computer simulation. 7. Social behavior in animals—
Mathematical models. 8. Social behavior in animals—Computer simulation.
I. Kohler, Timothy A. II. Gumerman, George J. III. Series: Santa Fe Institute
studies in the sciences of complexity (Oxford University Press)
GN360.D89 2000
303.4'01'13—dc21 99-33379
35798642
Printed in the United States of America
on acid-free paper
About the Santa Fe Institute
The Santa Fe Institute (SFI) is a private, independent, multidisciplinary
research and education center, founded in 1984. Since its founding, SFI has
devoted itself to creating a new kind of scientific research community,
pursuing emerging science. Operating as a small, visiting institution, SFI
seeks to catalyze new collaborative, multidisciplinary projects that break
down the barriers between the traditional disciplines, to spread its ideas
and methodologies to other individuals, and to encourage the practical
applications of its results.
All titles from the Santa Fe Institute Studies
in the Sciences of Complexity series will
carry this imprint which is based on a
Mimbres pottery design (circa A.D.
950-1150), drawn by Betsy Jones.
The design was selected because the
radiating feathers are evocative of
the out-reach of the Santa Fe Institute
Program to many disciplines and institutions.
Santa Fe Institute Editorial Board
September 1999
Ronda K. Butler-Villa, Chair
Director of Publications, Facilities, & Personnel, Santa Fe Institute
Dr. David K. Campbell
Chair, Department of Physics, University of Illinois
Prof. Marcus W. Feldman
Director, Institute for Population & Resource Studies, Stanford University
Prof. Murray Gell-Mann
Division of Physics & Astronomy, California Institute of Technology
Dr. Ellen Goldberg
President, Santa Fe Institute
Prof. George J. Gumerman
Arizona State Museum, University of Arizona
Dr. Erica Jen
Vice President for Academic Affairs, Santa Fe Institute
Dr. Stuart A. Kauffman
BIOS Group LP
Prof. David Lane
Dipart. di Economia Politica, Modena University, Italy
Prof. Simon Levin
Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University
Dr. Melanie Mitchell
Research Professor, Santa Fe Institute
Prof. David Pines
Department of Physics, University of Illinois
Dr. Charles F. Stevens
Molecular Neurobiology, The Salk Institute
Contributors List
Robert L. Axtell, Economic Studies, The Brookings Institution, 1775
Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20036 and the Santa Fe Institute
Irenaeus J. A. te Boekhorst, University of Zurich, Department of Computer
Science, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich; e-mail: [email protected]
Eric Carr, Economic Systems and Operations Research, Department of
Engineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305
Jeffrey S. Dean, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, P.O. Box 210058, University
of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0058
Jim Doran, Department of Computer Science, University of Essex, Wivenhoe
Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ United Kingdom; e-mail: [email protected]
Joshua M. Epstein, Economic Studies, The Brookings Institution, 1775
Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20036 and the Santa Fe Institute
Nigel Gilbert, Department of Sociology, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2
5XH, United Kingdom
George J. Gumerman, University of Arizona, Arizona State Museum, Building
#26, Tucson, AZ 85721-0026
Charlotte K. Hemelrijk, University of Zurich, Department of Computer
Science, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich; e-mail: [email protected]
Timothy Kohler, Washington State University, Department of Anthropology,
College Hall, P.O. Box 644910, Pullman, WA 99164~4910 and the Santa Fe
Institute; e-mail: [email protected]
James Kresl, Washington State University, Department of Anthropology, College
Hall, P.O. Box 644910, Pullman, WA 99164~4910
Mark Winter Lake, Institute of Archaeology, University College London, 31-34
Gordon Square, London, WC1H OPY
J. Stephen Lansing, University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210030, Tucson, AZ 85721
Mark Lehner, 16 Hudson Street, Milton, MA 02186
Stephen McCarroll, University of California at San Francisco, 1350 Seventh
Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143
Miles T. Parker, The Brookings Institution, 1775 Massachusetts Avenue NW,
Washington, DC 20036
John W. Pepper, University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor, MI
48109-1079
Robert G. Reynolds, Wayne State University, Department of Computer
Science, 5143 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202
Brian Skyrms, University of California, Department of Philosophy, Irvine, CA
92697
Cathy A. Small, Northern Arizona University, Department of Anthropology, Box
15200, Flagstaff, AZ 86011
Barbara Smuts, University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor, MI
48109-1079
Alan C. Swedlund, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Department of
Anthropology, MA 01003
Carla Van West, Statistical Research Inc., 2500 N. Pantano, Suite 218, Tucson,
AZ 31865
Richard H. Wilshusen, University of Colorado, Department of Anthropology,
Boulder, CO 80309
Henry T. Wright, Museum of Anthropology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1079; e-mail:
hwright@umich. edu
Contents
Preface xi
Putting Social Sciences Together Again: An Introduction to the
Volume
Timothy A. Kohler 1
Nonlinear and Synthetic Models for Primate Societies
Irenaeus J. A. te Boekhorst and Charlotte K. Hemelrijk 19
The Evolution of Cooperation in an Ecological Context: An Agent-
Based Model
John W. Pepper and Barbara B. Smuts 45
Evolution of Inference
Brian Skyrms 77
Trajectories to Complexity in Artificial Societies: Rationality, Belief,
and Emotions
Jim E. Doran 89
MAGICAL Computer Simulation of Mesolithic Foraging
Mark Winter Lake 107
Be There Then: A Modeling Approach to Settlement Determinants
and Spatial Efficiency Among Late Ancestral Pueblo Populations of
the Mesa Verde Region, U.S. Southwest
Timothy A. Kohler, James Kresl, Qarla Van West, Eric
Carr, and Richard H. Wilshusen 145
Understanding Anasazi Culture Change Through Agent-Based
Modeling
Jeffrey S. Dean, George J. Gumerman, Joshua M. Epstein,
Robert L. Axtell, Alan C. Swedlund, Miles T. Parker, and
Steven McCarroll 179
Dynamics in Human and Primate Societies, edited by T. Kohler and
G. Gumerman, Oxford University Press, 1999. iix
i
