Dynamics and Patterns in Complex Fluids: New Aspects of the Physics-Chemistry Interface

230 Pages·1990·14.13 MB·English

by  W. Helfrich

52
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Dynamics and Patterns
in Complex Fluids
New Aspects
of the Physics-Chemistry Interface
Proceedings of the
4th Nishinomiya-Yukawa Memorial Symposium,
Nishinomiya City, Japan, October 26-27, 1989
Editors: A.Onuki and K. Kawasaki
With 125 Figures
Springer- Verlag
Berlin Heidelberg New York London
Paris Tokyo Hong Kong Barcelona
Professor Dr. Akira Onuki
Research Institute for Fundamental Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606, Japan
Professor Dr. Kyozi Kawasaki
Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812, Japan
ISBN-13: 978-3-642-76010-5 e-ISBN-13: 978-3-642-76008-2
001: 10.1007/978-3-642-76008-2
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Preface
The fourth Nishinomiya-Yukawa Memorial Symposium, devoted to the topic of
dynamics and patterns in complex fluids, was held on October 26 and 27, 1989,
in Nishinomiya City, Japan, where ten invited speakers gave their lectures. A
one-day meeting, comprising short talks and poster sessions, was then held on
the same topic on October 28 at the Research Institute for Fundamental Physics,
Kyoto University. The present volume contains the 10 invited papers and 38
contributed papers presented at these two meetings.
The symposium was sponsored by Nishinomiya City, where Prof. Hideki
Yukawa once lived and where he wrote the celebrated paper describing the work
that was later honored by a Nobel prize. The topic of the fourth symposium was
chosen from one of the most vigorously evolving and highly interdisciplinary fields
in condensed matter physics. The field of complex fluids is very diverse and still
in its infancy and, as a result, the definition of a complex fluid varies greatly from
one researcher to the next. One of the objectives of the symposium was to clarify
its definition by explicitly posing a number of potentially rich problems waiting
to be explored. Indeed, experimentalists are disclosing a variety of intriguing
dynamical phenomena in complex systems such as polymers, liquid crystals, gels,
colloids, and surfactant systems. We, the organizers, hope that the symposium
will contribute to the increasing importance of the field in the coming years.
We have been impressed lately by the growing richness of phenomena, par
ticularly those at the boundaries between physics, chemistry, and engineering. A
number of important topics in current statistical physics have stemmed from such
interdisciplinary fields of science. They are related, for example, to defects, meso
scopic ordering, patterns, nonlinear response, random interfaces, etc. We believe
that the symposium succeeded in revealing a wealth of new problems lying in
such interface areas.
We would like to thank the ten invited lecturers, who are well known as
pioneers, and all the enthusiastic participants, numbering roughly 160. The sym
posium was made possible by the generous support of Nishinomiya City. We
express our sincere gratitude to Mr. Yoneji Yagi, mayor of Nishinomiya City,
and Prof. Ziro Maki, chairman of the steering committee of the Nishinomiya
symposia.
Kyoto, Fukuoka Akira Onuki
March 1990 Kyozi Kawasaki
v
Contents
Part I Membranes and Surfactant Systems
Adhesion and Roughness of Biological Model Membranes
By W. Helfrich and B. Klosgen (With 9 Figures) ................ 2
The Sponge State: A Striking Isotropic Liquid Phase
By D. Roux and M.E. Cates (With 10 Figures) .................. 19
Pattern Formation Processes in Binary Mixtures with Surfactants
By T. Kawakatsu and K. Kawasaki (With 1 Figure) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Hydrodynamic Interprotein Interaction in a Biomembrane
By S. Komura and T. Izuyama ............................. 36
Ordering Process Below the Pre-transition Temperature
in Multilamellar Lipid Solutions
By S. Ueno, T. Takeda, S. Komura, and Y. Toyoshima (With 2 Figures) 38
Anisotropic Dynamics in an Oriented Lipid Multibilayer Revealed
by Vector EPR Spectroscopy
By Y. Shimoyama and H. Watari (With 2 Figures) ............... 40
Part II Gels
Swelling of Gels and Diffusion of Molecules
By Yong Li and T. Tanaka (With 4 Figures) 44
Phase Transition of D.N.A. Gel and Reentrant Phenomena in Acrylamide
and Gelatin Gels
By E. Takushi and T. Tanaka (With 4 Figures) .................. 55
Spongelike Domain Structure in a Two-Dimensional Model Gel
Undergoing the Volume Phase Transition
By K. Sekimoto, N. Suematsu, and K. Kawasaki (With 1 Figure) 57
Ordered Structures Resulting from Photo-cross-links of Binary Polymer
Blends Undergoing Phase Separation
By Q. Tran-Cong, T. Nagaki, M. Imura, O. Yano, and T. Soen
(With 4 Figures) .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
VII
Part III Liquid Crystals
Ordered Phases in Colloidal Suspensions of Tobacco Mosaic VIrus
By R.B. Meyer ....................................... 62
A Model of Electro-rheological Fluid
By J. Takimoto (With 1 Figure) ............................ 74
The Dynamical Structure Factor of Rodlike Polymers
in the Isotropic Phase
By T. Maeda ......................................... 76
Pattern Formation in the Spatially Modulated Electrohydrodynamic
Convection of Liquid Crystals
By A. Ogawa, K. Kawasaki, W. Zimmennann, and T. Kawakatsu
(With 1 Figure) ....................................... 78
Theory of Shear Thinning in Liquid Crystal Polymers,
for the Lower Shear Rate Regime
By Y. Yamazaki, A. Holz, S.F. Edwards, and H. Fujishiro 80
Hierarchical Discommensuration Pattern and Phase Transitions
in the Electrohydrodynamic Convection of Liquid Crystals
with a Periodic Substrate Potential
By H. Mitani (With 2 Figures) ............................. 82
PartW Polymers
Phase Transition and Self-Assembling Structures of Polymer Mixtures
Under Shear Flow
By T. Hashimoto, T. Takebe, and K. Fujioka (With 11 Figures) ...... 86
Effects of VIscoelasticity on Polymer Diffusion
By M. Doi (With 2 Figures) ............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 100
MC Study of Effects of Shear on the Phase Transition of Binary Mixtures
By C.K. Chan ........................................ 113
Domain Growth Under Shear Flow
By T. Ohta, H. Nozaki, and M. Doi (With 2 Figures) ............. 115
Thrbulent Flow of Dilute Polymer Solutions:
An Approach to the Mechanism Producing Drag Reduction
By A. Hatano ........................................ 117
Anomalous Phase Separation Behavior in a Binary Mixture
of Poly(vinyl methyl ether) and Water Under Deep Quench Conditions
By H. Tanaka and T. Nishi (With 2 Figures) ................... 119
Study of Pattern Formation Dynamics in a Polymer Mixture Undergoing
Phase Separation by Digital Image Analysis
By H. Tanaka, T. Hayashi, and T. Nishi (With 1 Figure) ........... 121
VIII
Dependence of Molecular Weight and Tacticity
of Poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) on Crystallization
of Poly(ethyleneoxide) (PEO) in PEO/pMMA Blends
By M. Takahashi, N. Harasawa, and H. Yoshida ................. 123
Concentration-Dependent Double-Step Transition of the Diffusion
Coefficient in Dilute Solutions of Styrene-Butadiene Diblock Copolymer
in Selective Solvent
By Y. Tsunashima (With 1 Figure) .......................... 125
Dynamic Electric Multipole Model for Colloid Particles
By S. Yoshino ........................................ 127
Part V Phase Transitions in Two Dimensions
Experimental Studies of Phase Transitions and Pattern Formation
in Two Dimensions
By C.M. Knobler, K. Stine, and B.G. Moore (With 10 Figures) 130
Geometrical Quasiparticle Condensation Model of Melting
in Two Dimensions
By M.A. Glaser, N.A. Clark, AJ. Armstrong, and P.D. Beale
(With 3 Figures) ................................... . . . . 141
Mixed Polymer Films at the Air-Water Interface
By M. Kawaguchi, R. Nishida, and K. Nagata .................. 153
Part VI Coalescence and Domain Growth
Simple Models for Coalescence of Fluid Droplets
By P. Meakin (With 17 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 156
Vertex Model of Cellular Pattern Growth in Two and Three Dimensions
By T. Nagai, K. Kawasaki, and S. Ohta (With 3 Figures) ........... 179
Annihilation Kinetics of Particle-Antiparticle Systems
with Long-Range Interaction
By H. Toyoki (With 2 Figures) ............................. 182
A Simple Model for the Relation Between Weight and Lifetime
By S. Miyazima (With 2 Figures) ........................... 184
Dynamics of Ordering Processes in a Long-Range Exchange Model
By H. Hayakawa, T. Koga, and K. Kawasaki (With 2 Figures) ....... 186
Part VII Pattern Formation
Dendrites, Viscous Fingers, and the Theory of Pattern Formation
By J.S. Langer ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 190
IX
Pattern Formation in Growth of Snow Crystals:
Hexagonal and Dendritic Patterns
By E. Yokoyama and T. Kuroda (With 1 Figure) 194
Periodic Changes in the Structure of the Growing Crystal Surface
By T. Irisawa, Y. Arima, and T. Kuroda (With 2 Figures) .......... 196
Crystal Growth, Fractal Growth and Liquid-like Behavior
in the Case of Thin Film Formation
By S. Ozawa, Y. Sasajima, and T. Haseda (With 2 Figures) 198
Elongation Process of Whisker Crystals with a Solution Layer
By K. Kishi, T. Yoshida, and K. Yoshioka (With 2 Figures) ......... 200
Anisotropic Fractal Aggregation in a Finite Density Gas
By M. Uwaha, Y. Saito, and S. Seki (With 1 Figure) .............. 202
Multifractal Structure of Non-Newtonian Viscous Fingers
By T. Nagatani and Y. Usami (With 2 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 204
A Crossover Phenomenon in Electrochemical Deposition
By Y. Usami and T. Nagatani (With 3 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 206
Part VIII Chemical Reactions and Hydrodynamic Instabilities
Global Mass Transport by Chemical Wave Propagation
By H. Miike, H. Hashimoto, and S.C. MUller (With 2 Figures) 210
Self-Collapse of the Target Pattern due to Macroscopic Fluctuation
in the Belousov-Zhabotinsky Reaction
By K. Suzuki (With 2 Figures) ............................. 212
Chemical Sensing by Use of Entrainment
By S. Nakata, K. Yoshikawa, and H. Kawakami (With 3 Figures) ..... 215
Nonlinear Response of Surface Waves in a Container Under an External
Parametric Forcing
By M. Umeki (With 1 Figure) ............................. 217
Uphill Diffusion and Chemical Layering in a Mineral-Fluid System
By T. Nishiyama (With 2 Figures) .......................... 219
Experiment on Magnetoadsorption of NO on Micropores
By H. Uchiyama, S. Ozeki, K. Kaneko, Y. Natsume, and T. Suzuki
(With 3 Figures) ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 221
Index of Contributors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 223
x
Part I
Membranes and
Surfactant Systems