Table Of ContentConference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series
Jamie Kimberley · Leslie Lamberson · Steven Mates Editors
Dynamic Behavior
of Materials,
Volume 1
Proceedings of the 2017 Annual Conference on Experimental
and Applied Mechanics
Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series
SeriesEditor
KristinB.Zimmerman,Ph.D.
SocietyforExperimentalMechanics,Inc.,
Bethel,CT,USA
Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/8922
Jamie Kimberley • Leslie Lamberson (cid:129) Steven Mates
Editors
Dynamic Behavior of Materials, Volume 1
Proceedings of the 2017 Annual Conference on Experimental
and Applied Mechanics
123
Editors
JamieKimberley LeslieLamberson
NewMexicoInstituteofMiningandTechnology DrexelUniversity
Socorro,NM,USA Philadelphia,PA,USA
StevenMates
NationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology
Gaithersburg,MD,USA
ISSN2191-5644 ISSN2191-5652 (electronic)
ConferenceProceedingsoftheSocietyforExperimentalMechanicsSeries
ISBN978-3-319-62955-1 ISBN978-3-319-62956-8 (eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-3-319-62956-8
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017956714
©TheSocietyforExperimentalMechanics,Inc.2018
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Preface
Dynamic Behavior of Materials represents one of nine volumes of technical papers presented at the 2017 SEM Annual
ConferenceandExpositiononExperimentalandAppliedMechanicsorganizedbytheSocietyforExperimentalMechanics
and held in Indianapolis, IN, June 12–15, 2017. The complete proceedings also includes volumes on: Challenges in
Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials; Advancement of Optical Methods in Experimental Mechanics; Mechanics of
Biological Systems, Materials and Other Topics in Experimental and Applied Mechanics; Micro- and Nanomechanics;
MechanicsofComposite,HybridandMultifunctionalMaterials;Fracture,Fatigue,FailureandDamageEvolution;Residual
Stress,ThermomechanicsandInfraredImaging,HybridTechniquesandInverseProblems;andMechanicsofAdditiveand
AdvancedManufacturing.
Eachcollectionpresentsearlyfindingsfromexperimentalandcomputationalinvestigationsonanimportantareawithin
experimentalmechanics.Dynamicbehaviorofmaterialsisoneoftheseareas.
The Dynamic Behavior of Materials track was initiated in 2005 and reflects our efforts to bring together researchers
interested in the dynamic behavior of materials and structures, and provide a forum to facilitate technical interaction and
exchange. In the past years, this track has represented an ever growing area of broad interest to the SEM community, as
evidencedbytheincreasednumberofpapersandattendance.
ThecontributedpapersspannumeroustechnicaldivisionswithinSEM,whichmaybeofinterestnotonlytothedynamic
behaviorofmaterialscommunitybutalsotothetraditionalmechanicsofmaterialscommunity.
The track organizers thank the authors, presenters, organizers, and session chairs for their participation, support, and
contributiontothistrack.WearegratefultotheSEMTDchairsforco-sponsoringand/orco-organizingthesessionsinthis
track. They would also like to acknowledge the SEM support staff for their devoted efforts in accommodating the large
numberofpapersubmissionsthisyear,makingthe2017DynamicBehaviorofMaterialsTracksuccessful.
NewMexicoInstituteofMiningandTechnology,Socorro,NM,USA JamieKimberley
DrexelUniversity,Philadelphia,PA,USA LeslieLamberson
NationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology,Gaithersburg,MD,USA StevenMates
v
Contents
1 EffectsofAdiabaticHeatingEstimatedfromTensileTestswithContinuousHeating .......................... 1
N.VazquezFernandez,M.Isakov,M.Hokka,andV.-T.Kuokkala
2 EffectofPre-strain,ProcessingConditions,andImpactVelocityonEnergyDissipationinSilicone
FoamsandRubber ...................................................................................................... 9
BrettSanbornandBoSong
3 StrainRateSensitivityofRichtmyer-MeshkovInstabilityExperimentsforMetalStrength ................... 13
MichaelB.Prime
4 ImpactResponseofDensityGradedCellularPolymers ............................................................ 17
BehradKoohbor,SurajRavindran,andAddisKidane
5 DynamicMixed-ModeCrackInitiationandGrowthinPMMAandPolycarbonate............................ 25
BalamuruganM.SundaramandHareeshV.Tippur
6 DynamicResponseofAluminaCeramicsUnderBrazilianDiscTestConditions................................ 31
PingHongLin,LirenTsai,andN.S.Liou
7 DigitalGradientSensingMethodtoVisualizeandQuantifyCrack-TipDeformationsinSoda-Lime
GlassUnderStaticandDynamicLoading............................................................................ 39
BalamuruganM.SundaramandHareeshV.Tippur
8 ConstructionofPhaseDiagramsofMg-ZnwithSelectedRareEarth(R.E)Elements ......................... 45
C.G.Fountzoulas
9 HighStrainRateTransverseCompressionResponseofBallisticSingleFibers.................................. 51
SubramaniSockalingam,DanielT.Casem,TusitWeerasooriya,andJohnW.GillespieJr.
10 WIAManATDPolymericMaterialCharacterizationforUnder-BodyBlastEnvironmentSimulation....... 57
MostafizR.ChowdhuryandDawnM.Crawford
11 InvestigationofTransmissionofaShockWaveThroughThinFilms ............................................. 63
HongjooJeonandVeronicaEliasson
12 ExperimentalTestingandComputationalAnalysisofViscoelasticWavePropagationinPolymeric
SplitHopkinsonPressureBar.......................................................................................... 67
M.Bustamante,D.S.Cronin,andD.Singh
13 ModeIRigidDoubleCantileverBeamTestandAnalysisAppliedtoStructuralAdhesives.................... 73
C.-H.Liao,B.Watson,M.J.Worswick,andD.S.Cronin
14 BruteForceCeramicConstitutiveModelParameterization ....................................................... 83
BradyAydelotteandBrianE.Schuster
15 High-StrainRateCompressiveBehaviorofa“NaturalSoil”
UnderUniaxialStrainState............................................................................................ 87
HuiyangLuo,ZhenxingHu,TinggeXu,LeiGuo,andHongbingLu
vii
viii Contents
16 LatestResultsforElasto-PlasticIdentificationatHighRatesUsingInertialImpact............................ 93
SarahDreuilhe,FrancesDavis,CliveSivour,andFabricePierron
17 MesoscaleModelingofPorousMaterialsUsingNewMethodology
forFractureandFrictionalContactintheMaterialPointMethod................................................ 97
M.A.HomelandE.B.Herbold
18 UnderwaterBlastResponseofWeatheredCarbonCompositePlates............................................. 103
HelioMatos,CarlosJavier,JamesLeBlanc,andArunShukla
19 CharacterizationofaVisco-HyperelasticSyntheticGelforBallisticImpactsAssessment ..................... 109
A.Bracq,G.Haugou,B.Bourel,R.Delille,C.Maréchal,F.Lauro,S.Roth,andO.Mauzac
20 OntheMicrostructuralAspectsofShockInducedFailureinMagnesiumAlloys ............................... 115
C.L.Williams,J.Ligda,L.Farbaniec,andN.Krywopusk
21 HighSpeed ImagingTechniques toStudy EffectsofPressure Waves fromDetonating Explosive
ChargesonBiologicalMaterials....................................................................................... 123
Thuvan Piehler, Nicole Zander, Rohan Banton, Richard Benjamin, Ray Sparks, Kimberly Byrnes,
JoshDuckworth,andBenA.Bahr
22 ComputationalStudyontheDriverSectionDesignofanExplosivelyDrivenConicalShockTube........... 127
JoelB.Stewart
23 UnidirectionalCarbon-EpoxyCompositePlatesSubjectedtoExtremeMarineEnvironment................. 137
C.Javier,J.LeBlanc,andA.Shukla
24 HybridComputationalandExperimentalApproachtoIdentifytheDynamicInitiationFracture
ToughnessatHighLoadingRate ...................................................................................... 141
AliFahadFahemandAddisKidane
25 High-RateMechanicalResponseofAluminumUsingMiniatureKolskyBarTechniques...................... 147
DanielT.Casem,JonathanP.Ligda,BrianE.Schuster,andShaneMims
26 Applicationof3DDigitalImageCorrelationInBallisticTesting.................................................. 155
PhillipJannottiandBrianE.Schuster
27 CompactionWavePropagationCharacteristicsinPolymerBondedExplosivesatMacro-MesoScale ....... 163
SurajRavindran,PeterMalchow,AddisTessema,andAddisKidane
28 DirectCompressionLoadingUsingthePre-stretchedBarTechnique:ApplicationtoHighStrains
UnderModerateStrainRates.......................................................................................... 169
G.Haugou,H.Morvan,andN.Leconte
29 CompactionWaveCharacteristicsofPolymericFoamsUnderDynamicLoading .............................. 175
SurajRavindran,BehradKoohbor,PeterMalchow,andAddisKidane
30 ComparisonofNumericalSimulationswithExperimentsofBlast-InducedPressureWaveImpact
onaSurrogateHeadModel ............................................................................................ 181
RohanBanton,ThuvanPiehler,NicoleZander,RichardBenjamin,andJoshDuckworth
31 Pressure Sensing inClay: ANew Metric for Characterizing the BallisticBackface Deformation
ResponseofPersonnelProtectionEquipment........................................................................ 189
M.H.Merrill,C.J.Kindle,andJ.P.Thomas
32 EvaluationofConcretePenetrationResistanceUsingSmallCaliberBullets..................................... 193
StephanBless,MichaelMcAleer,andReyGuzman
33 DynamicAnalysisofaBi-stableBuckledStructureforVibrationEnergyHarvester........................... 199
MasoudDerakhshani,ThomasBerfield,andKevinD.Murphy
34 EffectsofStrainRateonMechanicalPropertiesandFractureMechanismsinaDualPhaseSteel ........... 209
Sukanya M. Sharma, Kishlay Mishra, Omar Rodriguez, Wilburn R. Whittington, Paul Allison,
ShrikantP.Bhat,ArunM.Gokhale,andNareshN.Thadhani
Contents ix
35 NonlinearandInertantAcousticMetamaterialsandTheirDeviceImplications ................................ 217
PrateekP.KulkarniandJamesM.Manimala
36 EvaluationofStressEquilibriuminDynamicTestsonAgglomeratedCork ..................................... 235
MarcoSasso,FabrizioSarasini,GianlucaChiappini,EdoardoMancini,andJacopoTirillò
37 HighStrainRateInducedPhaseTransitionofPolymer ............................................................ 243
G.MontellaandC.M.Roland
Chapter 1
Effects of Adiabatic Heating Estimated from Tensile Tests
with Continuous Heating
N.VazquezFernandez,M.Isakov,M.Hokka,andV.-T.Kuokkala
Abstract The mechanical behavior of metastable austenitic stainless steels is strongly influenced by the strain induced
phase transformation of austenite into martensite. The phase transformation rate is significantly affected by the strain rate
andbytheadiabaticheatingathigherstrainrates.Uncouplingoftheeffectsofstrainrateandadiabaticheatingcanleadtoa
betterunderstandingofthestrain-inducedmartensitictransformationandallowmoreaccuratematerialmodeling.Thispaper
presentsapreliminaryanalysisoftheeffectsofadiabaticheatingduringatensiletest.Theadiabaticheatingasafunctionof
strainwascalculatedfromthestress-straincurvesobtainedinadiabaticconditions.Thenthetensiletestswerecarriedoutat
alowerstrainratewhilecontinuouslyheatingthespecimenatthesamerateasobtainedintheadiabaticconditions.Withthis
method,thethermalconditionsoftheadiabatictestswerereproducedinthelowrateconditions,whichwouldnormallybe
isothermal without theexternal heating. The martensite fractionwas evaluated using the magnetic balance method. Inthis
paper,wepresentadetaileddescriptionoftheexperimentalprocedureanddiscusstheobservedchangesinthemechanical
behaviorandmicrostructureofthestudiedsteel.
Keywords Stainless steel (cid:129) Adiabatic heating (cid:129) Martensite transformation (cid:129) Metastable austenite (cid:129) Magnetic
balancemethod
1.1 Introduction
Thesuccessfulproductdevelopmentinthesteelindustryisstronglylinkedwithaproperunderstandingofthemicroplastic
deformationmechanismsofthematerial.Manyapplicationsrequirematerialswithoptimalmechanicalproperties,suchas
high strength, good weldability, good corrosion resistance, and good formability. To obtain the desired properties, many
modern steels have multiphase microstructures so that a suitable mixture of the mechanical properties of the different
phasesinthesteelfulfillstheoverallrequirements.However,somemicrostructurescanundergophasetransformationsdue
to the elastic and plastic deformations. These microstructures are often very complex and their behavior usually changes
significantlyduringthedeformationasthephasefractionsevolve.
Inrecentyears,manyresearchershavefocusedtheirattentiononthephasetransformationsinaustenitecontainingsteels.
Xu et al. [1] and Huang et al. [2] studied the effects of heat treatments and cold rolling reductions on the mechanical
behavior of different steels. These studies focused on the effects of the initial microstructures and processing parameters
on certain properties. However, their work did not provide many details on the microplastic deformation mechanisms
and the microstructural changes during the deformation. Therefore, further investigations are needed to understand the
microplasticity and its mechanisms, which depend on many factors including local chemical composition, temperature,
amountofdeformation,andstrainrate.Regardingthestrainrate,ithasbeenshownbyHeckeretal.[3]thathigherstrainrates
resultinlessmartensiteformation.Moreover,lowerdeformationtemperaturesenhancethemartensiticphasetransformations.
Thiscanbeexplainedbythethermodynamicsofthetransformation,asthedrivingforceforthephasetransformationishigher
atlowertemperatures.Significantadiabaticheatingoccursusuallyatstrainratesabove(cid:2)0.5s(cid:2)1 [4],whentheheatinduced
bytheplasticdeformationcannotdissipatefastenoughfromthematerialintothesurroundingsand,therefore,thetemperature
ofthematerialincreases.However,manyscientists[3–7]havesuggestedthatalsothestrainratecouldhaveadirecteffecton
themartensitictransformationrate.Hokka[8]demonstratedthatthephasetransformationratesinthequasi-staticconditions
aredifferentfromthoseinthedynamicconditionsevenatsmallplasticstrains.Furthermore,Isakov[9]discoveredthatthe
strainhardeningrateafterastrainratejumpfromquasi-statictodynamicconditionsdecreasesinstantaneouslyfollowingthe
N.VazquezFernandez((cid:2))(cid:129)M.Isakov(cid:129)M.Hokka(cid:129)V.-T.Kuokkala
TampereUniversityofTechnology,LaboratoryofMaterialsScience,POB589,FI-33101,Tampere,Finland
e-mail:naiara.vazquez@tut.fi
©TheSocietyforExperimentalMechanics,Inc.2018 1
J.Kimberleyetal.(eds.),DynamicBehaviorofMaterials,Volume1,ConferenceProceedings
oftheSocietyforExperimentalMechanicsSeries,DOI10.1007/978-3-319-62956-8_1
