Table Of ContentDYNAMIC ANALYSIS AND
EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT DESIGN
Volume 2
Methods of Dynamic Analysis
DYNAMIC ANALYSIS
AND
EARTHQU AKE RESISTANT
DESIGN
Volume 2
Methods of Dynamic
Analysis
Japanese Society of Civil Engineers
Boca Raton London New York
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ISBN 13: 978-90-5410-290-8 (set)
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Doteki Kaiseki to Taishin Sekkei
Translation of: (Dai 2 Kan)
Doteki Kaiseki on houhou
Doboku Gakkai-hen.
Translator Mr. Prakash Kanade
PREFACE TO THE SERIES
(ENGLISH EDITION)
The original Japanese version of this book was published more than ten y~ars
ago in June 1989. At that time, only divinity could have prognosticated the
1994 Northridge earthquake or the 1995 Kobe earthquake (officially named
as the Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake) in the years to come. These earthquakes
clearly demonstrated thatthe built environment even in Japan and the United
States, two of the most advanced countries in engineering for earthquake dis
aster mitigation, are not immune to calamities caused by strong ground mo
tions of near-field earthquakes.
When the Kobe earthquake occurred at 5:46 a.m., on the morning ofJanu
ary 17, 1995, I was sleepingina hotel in Osaka, about 40 kmfrom the epicenter.
It was the strongest shaking I had ever experienced. Within perhaps 30 min
utes I knew that the epicenter was near the city of Kobe, the magnitude being
7.2, and the focal depth was about 20 km. And of course I knew that greater
Kobe city has a population of some 2 million people. Even after knowing all
this I could not imagine that a disaster of the magnitude which eventually
claimed more than 6,000 lives was beginning to take place.
Even today, when I think back about the day of the occurrence of the
Kobe earthquake, I feel ashamed of my misjudgement. If people say that is
due to my overconfidence in the technical standards of Japanese earthquake
engineering, I am more than ready to accept the accusation. I had a chance to
see devastations caused by the 1985 Mexico earthquake, 1989 Lorna Prieta
earthquake, and 1994 Northridge earthquake, all in situ. Yet, I did not expect,
or I was reluctant to believe, that similar disasters might also take place in our
country (Japan).
During the late 1960s, 1970s, and early 1980s, the Japanese economy was
vibrant. "Make it faster" was a slogan of the time. After having successfully
constructed many infrastructural facilities such as the Tokaido shinkansen
bullet train, the Tokyo metropolitan expressways, etc., Japanese engineers
seemed to have become over-confident in what they had been doing. We
tended to forget that forces of nature can humble us.
vi
It is true that this book does not contain some of the more recent devel
opments which took place in the last ten years, particularly those after the
1995 Kobe earthquake. However, most of the contents in this book are based
on well-tested engineering facts. What had been lacking then was not the
engineering achievement itself but the vision which has been gained through
exposure to subsequent earthquakes and the damage wrought by them. When
things appear to be going well we tend to shut our eyes to adverse situations.
The primary objective of this book is to explain the basic knowledge nec
essary to understand earthquake engineering in general and to analyze the
dynamic response of civil structures such as foundations, dams, industrial
facilities, bridges, in-ground structures, and port and harbour structures. I do
believe that the book has an unique objective and that it will be useful in
understanding the philosophy of earthquake-resistant design adopted by Japa
nese civil engineers.
I wrote in the preface of the original Japanese version: It is a problem to
predict how earthquake engineering should evolve in the next ten or twenty
years. Some of the answers to this question might now lie in the study of
earthquakes which occurred in Nmthridge (1994), Kobe (1995), Turkey (1999),
and Taiwan (1999). Our strife with earthquakes is a constant learning process,
and I do not know whether or not we will ever be able to win. All earthquake
professionals, however, realize that we cannot quit. I hope this book will help
in fulfilling our never-ending endeavour.
I would like to thank a number of colleagues who really worked hard in
the preparation of this book. My special appreciation goes to Professors Tatsuo
Ohmachi (Tokyo Institute of Technology), Tadanobu Sato (Kyoto University),
Kazuhiko Kawashima (Tokyo Institute of Technology), and Masanori Hamada
(Waseda University), who were responsible for editing each of the four vol
umes of the original book. In particular, I would like to acknowledge the late
Shinobu Miyazaki of the Gihodo Shuppan Co. Ltd., without whose warm
encouragement this book would never have been completed.
March,2000
Tsuneo Katayama
Group Leader
JAPAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS
EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING COMMITTEE
COMMITTEE ON EARTHQUAKE-RESISTANT ENGINEERING
Under
JAPAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS
WORKING GROUP
ON
STUDIES REGARDING
DYNAMIC ANALYSIS AND ITS APPLICATION
(as at the time of the Japanese edition)
Group Leader
Katayama Tsuneo Institute of Industrial Science; University ofTokyo.
Group Members
Inatomi Takamasa Port and Harbor Research Institute; Ministry of
Transport.
Ohmachi Tatsuo Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and
Engineering; Tokyo Institute of Technology.
Kawashima Kazuhiko Public Works Research Institute; Ministry of Con
struction.
SatoTadanobu Disaster Prevention Research Institute; Kyoto Uni
versity.
Shiojiri Hiroo Central Research Institute of Electric Power Indus-
try.
TokiKenzo Disaster Prevention Research Institute; Kyoto Uni
versity.
Nishimura Akihiko Railway Technical Research Institute.
Hamada Masanoii School of Marine Science and Technology; Tokai
University.
Watanabe Hiroyuki Department of Construction Engineering; Faculty
of Engineering; Saitama University.
DYNAMIC ANALYSIS AND EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT DESIGN
EDITORIAL BOARD AS ON MARCH 1989
Volume 2
Chief Editor Sato Tadanobu
Disaster Prevention Research Institute
Kyoto University
Part 3
Authors:
Ohno Tomonori Department of Civil Engineerin~ National Defense
Academy
Kameda Hiroyuki • Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto
University
Kitahara Michihiro Department of Civil Engineering, Tohoku
University
Takemiya Hirokazu Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engi
neering, Okayama University
Nakamura Hideharu Central Research Institute of Electric Power Indus
try, Abiko Research Laboratory
Nishioka Takashi Institute of Engineering Mechanics, University
Tsukuba
Higashiwara Hiromichi Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo
Miura Fusanori Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engi
neering, Yamaguchi University
Watanabe Hiroyuki Department of Construction Engineering, Faculty
of Engineering, Saitama University
Part 4
Authors:
Isoyama Ryuji Civil Engineering Division, Japan Technological
Development Co. Ltd.
