Table Of ContentDUTCH STUDIES
DUTCH STUDIES
An annual review of the language, literature and
life of the Low Countries
EDITORS
P. Brachin, Sorbonne; J. Goossens, Munster, Louvain; P. K. King, Cam
bridge; J. de Rooij, Amsterdam (secretary).
ADVISORY BOARD
Walter Thys, Lille, Ghent (chairman); F. van Coetsem, Cornell; E.
Erametsa, Jyvaskyla; W. Gobbers, Antwerp; R. P. Meijer, London;
N. Morciniec, Wroclaw; N. de Paepe, Louvain; P. Ramat, Pavia; G. J.
Resink, Indonesia; M. Rutten, Liege; H. Schultink, Utrecht; William Z.
Shetter, Indiana; Jc. Smit, Melbourne; W. A. P. Smit, Utrecht; M. de
Villiers, Stellenbosch; J. Weisgerber, Brussels; Charles Wilson, Cam
bridge; C. A. Zaalberg, Leiden.
Dutch studies is published under the auspices of the International
Association for Dutch Studies (IVN), c/o NUFFIC, Molenstraat 27, the
Hague, the Netherlands. The Belgian address is c/o Seminarie voor
Vergelijkend Literatuuronderzoek, Faculteit van de Letteren en
Wijsbegeerte, RUG, Blandijnberg 2, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
DUTCH STUDIES
An annual review oft he language, literature and
life of the Low Countries
VOLUME 2
•
MARTINUS NIJHOFF / THE HAGUE / 1976
© 1976 by M artinus Nijhoff, The Hague. the Netherlands
A II rights reserved. including the right to translate or to
reproduce this book or parts thereof in any form
ISBN-13: 978-90-247-1770-5 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-011-6798-7
001: 10.1007/978-94-011-6798-7
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Editorial Statement vii
LINGUISTICS
Applied Linguistics in the Seventeenth Century, and the Dutch
Grammar of Willem Beyer, 1661, 1681 , John Gledhill 1
The Dutch Dictionary, Nienke Bakker 18
Spelling and Spelling Reform in the Netherlands, B. C.
Damsteegt 28
LITERATURE
James Joyce's Impact on Simon Vestdijk's Early Fiction,
Joris Duytschaever 48
HISTORY
The Historical Force of the Flemish Movement in Belgium
Past Aims, Present Achievements and Future Cultural
Aspirations, J. Fleerackers 75
REVIEWS
The Series Naarde letter, Nos. 1-5 by J. J. Th. M. Tersteeg 87
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Bibliographical Aids in Dutch Language Studies, C. van Bree 110
Deutschsprachige Publikationen zur niederHindischen
Sprachwissenschaft, 1962-1971, A. J. Welschen 143
Publications on Dutch Language and Literature in Languages
other than Dutch, 1972-1973 (with additions to 1971), W.
Gobbers 173
The Authors 231
EDITORIAL STATEMENT
A particularly nettlish problem in talking or writing about the "language,
literature and life of the Low Countries" is raised by the terminology. On
the first page of the first volume we stated that "Dutch is the name of the
language spoken throughout the Netherlands and the northern half of
Belgium". We might have written "Netherlandic is the name of the
language spoken throughout Holland and Flanders", and there are indeed
a number of tenable arguments in favour of this formulation. Should we
then leave it to individual authors and translators to decide which terms
they use, and assume that their exact meaning will emerge from the
context?
The editors would say no to both these questions. Dutch studies is, after
all, offered to readers who have a general rather than a specialized interest
in Dutch language and literature; otherwise we would have published the
Yearbook in Dutch. Since we are not doing so, we must adopt a ter
minology in English - to confine ourselves to that language at this stage -
that is unequivocal.
In the first volume we accepted a number of ad hoc solutions which, due
to circumstances which need not concern us here, were not consistently
applied, and which in any case led to such inelegant periphrases as "the
Dutch language area in Europe" and "the Netherlands and northern half
of Belgium". So it seems desirable to establish in this second volume an
unambiguous and practicable terminology which will in future be used in
the English translations and will, we hope, be adopted by English-writing
contributors.
Our rationale for the terms we now propose is followed by a schematic
summary for the reader's reference.
For what native speakers call Nederlands we use the term "Dutch".
This description undoubtedly has disadvantages. Many, probably most,
VIII Editorial statement
English speakers think that Dutch is spoken only in the country whose
capital is Amsterdam (and the Germanic language spoken in Belgium is
then called "Flemish"), while non-English speakers will tend to confuse
"Dutch" with "Deutsch" (German). To meet these objections the term
"Netherlandic" was introduced twenty years ago, and this has gained
popularity, particularly in the United States. The editors of Dutch studies,
however, consider that "Netherlandic" is no improvement on "Dutch". In
the first place the former term is a barbarism in English and in addition its
association with "the Netherlands" (the official English name for the
country whose capital is Amsterdam) gives no indication that it includes a
language also spoken in Belgium.
In itself "Dutch" is a very appropriate name for a language spoken in
more than one country, since its original meaning was "the vernacular"
(called Diets or Duuts in the Low Countries in the Middle Ages to dis
tinguish it from the Latin of the church and the French of the court).
Moreover since, unlike Deutsch and Deutschland, there is no
"Dutchland" association with "Dutch", this name has no national or
geographical implications.
"The country whose capital is Amsterdam" as we have twice described
it, is called "the Netherlands" in official English. In Dutch we can render
this English term as Nederland (singular), the name of the modern state,
or as de Nederlanden (plural), the historical name of the Low Countries
before the emergence of Nederland and Belgium as such, a name still used
to denote the whole Dutch-speaking area. In Dutch studies we shall use
"the Netherlands" in the same sense as de Nederlanden, to denote the
whole of Nederland and the area of Belgium where Dutch is spoken.
Another term must therefore be found for the name Nederland. In a
historical context "the northern Netherlands" (de Noordelijke
Nederlanden) is appropriate; for the modern state "Holland" seel1)S an
obvious choice. This name, though it is undoubtedly more widely known
than the Netherlands, die Niederlande, les Pays Bas etc., has however one
great drawback: it is in origin and also to this day the name of just two
provinces in the West of the country, Noord-Holland and Zuid-Holland,
collectively referred to as Holland. Inhabitants of other provinces can
therefore rightly claim that they are Nederlanders but not Hollanders,
and it is significant in this respect that "Holland" is never used for the
whole country in any official usage. But for the sake of a highly desirable
distinction between "the Netherlands" = de Nederlanden and "Holland"
= Nederland we shall make this somewhat unorthodox use of "Holland"
in Dutch studies. When Holland is to be taken in the narrower sense, we
Editorial statement
IX
shall refer to "the provinces of Holland", unless this is obvious from the
context.
In the Southern part of the Dutch language area the same con
siderations apply. The Dutch-speaking part of Belgium is called "the
Southern Netherlands" or "Flanders". But "Flanders", Vlaanderen in
Dutch, is also the name of two western provinces, West-Vlaanderen and
Oost-Vlaanderen, which will be referred to in Dutch studies as "the
provinces of Flanders". In Belgium the name Vlaanderen is very widely
used for the whole Dutch-speaking area, and the two Western provinces
are sometimes referred to as de Vlaanders.
Articles specifically on the Dutch language may require terms denoting
the variant forms of this language. If the Dutch spoken in Holland has to
be distinguished from that spoken in Flanders, then Dutch studies will
'refer to "Northern Dutch" in contrast to "Southern Dutch" or "Flemish".
The dialects in the provinces of Holland and the provinces of Flanders will
be denoted by Dutch terms: "Hollands" and "Vlaams" respectively, and
this practice will apply to the other dialects, "Gronings", "Brabants",
"Limburgs" etc.
Language names can be used as adjectives as well as nouns: Dutch
literature, the Flemish novel etc. These adjectives, or words used as adjec
tives, may however also have the meaning "pertaining to a certain area".
In that case, the sense "pertaining to the Netherlands" will be represented
by "Netherlandish" (the Netherlandish culture,folklore etc.). Ifin such a
text a distinction has to be made between North and South, the adjectives
"Northern" and "Southern" will be added. In non-contrastive usage,
"pertaining to Flanders" will be represented by "Flemish" and "pertaining
to Holland" by "Dutch". The latter description is dictated by normal
usage. An article on religious life in Holland would inevitably refer to e.g.
the Dutch Catholics. In this context "Northern" would be very artificial
and would readily lead to misunderstanding, since it suggests a
North-South contrast inside Holland, which, indeed, might also need to
be expressed in such a text. This variable use of the word "Dutch" does,
however, mean that "Dutch" in Dutch literature (= "literature of Dutch")
has not the same meaning as in Dutch painting (= "painting by
Dutchmen"). But this usage is consistent and justifiable: Dutch literature
consists of all literary work in the Dutch language, whatever the nation
ality of the author; Dutch painting is the aggregate of works painted by
Dutchmen.
The previous word brings us to our last terminological category,
covering the names of the inhabitants of a particular area. An inhabitant
x Editorial statement
of Holland is a "Dutchman" in normal English usage, and this is the word
that will be used in Dutch studies; and the inhabitant of Flanders will be
called a "Fleming". For reference to (all) the inhabitant(s) of the
Netherlands (the whole Dutch-speaking area) the term "Netherlander(s)"
will be used, with the possible further distinction between "Northern" and
"Southern Netherlanders". The inhabitant(s) of the provinces of Holland
will be referred to as "Hollander(s)", and of the provinces of Flanders as
"Vlaming(en)".
The editors
:
»
n
g(e s); s);
min er( er(
d d
a n n
Inhabitants (Nederlander(s)!VlNetherlander(s) (Nederlander(s»; Northern NetherlaDutch(man) (Vlaming(en»; Southern NetherlaFleming(s) (Hollander(s»: Hollander(s) (Vlaming(en»: Vlaming(en)
4. a. b. c. d. e.
;
)
s
d
n
a
Y "Pertaining to the area" (Nederlands); Netherlandish «Noord)nederlNorthern; Dutch (Vlaams); Southern; Flemish (Hollands); Hollands (Vlaams); Vlaams
AR 3. a. b. c. d. e.
SCHEMATIC SUMM Language and variants (Nederlands); Dutch (Noordnederlands); Northern Dutch (Zuidnederlands); Southern Dutch (Hollands); Hollands (Vlaams); Vlaams
2. a. b. c. d. e.
;
)
en m
Areas (de NederlandThe Dutch language area the Netherlands The country whose capital is Amsterda(Nederland); the Northern Netherlands; Holland The Dutch speaking part of Belgium (V laanderen); the Southern Netherlands; Flanders The western provinces of Holland (Holland Noord-Holland and = Zuid-Holland); the provinces of Holland The western provinces of Flanders West (Vlaanderen ('de Vlaanders') = Vlaanderen Oost-Vlaanderen); and of Flanders the provinces The Dutch terms are italicized.
1. a. b. c. d. e.
