Durpati Sidar 2014

158 Pages·2017·2.71 MB·English

WEED MANAGEMENT IN DIRECT-SEEDED
RICE (Oryza sativa L.)

Durpati Sidar

DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY

FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
BIRSA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
RANCHI-834006 (JHARKHAND)

Regd. No. AP/BAU/4604/2012
2014
WEED MANAGEMENT IN DIRECT-SEEDED
RICE (Oryza sativa L.)

THESIS SUBMITED TO THE
BIRSA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
RANCHI (JHARKHAND)

Durpati Sidar

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE DEGREE OF
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE
(AGRONOMY)

Regd. No. AP/BAU/4604/2012
2014
BIRSA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
RANCHI (JHARKHAND)

Dr. R.R. Upasani Department Of Agronomy
Ranchi Agriculture College
Chief Scientist-cum
Birsa Agricultural University
University Professor
Kanke, Ranchi – 834006

(Jharkhand)

Dated …………………….

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the work recorded in this thesis entitled, “WEED
MANAGEMENT IN DIRECT-SEEDED RICE (Oryza sativa L.)” submitted in
partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in
Agriculture (Agronomy) of the faculty of Post-Graduate Studies, Birsa
Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand is the faithful record of the
bonafide research work carried out by Durpati Sidar under my guidance and
supervision.
The results of the investigation reported in this thesis have not so far been
submitted for any other degree or diploma. The assistance and help received
during the course of this investigation and source of literature have been fully
acknowledged.

ENDORSED

………………………………….. …………………………………..
(M.S. Yadava) (R.R. Upasani)

Chairman Chairman
Department of Agronomy Advisory Committee
BIRSA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
RANCHI (JHARKHAND)
(Certificate of the Advisory Committee and Endorsement of Dean, Agriculture)

CERTIFICATE

We, the undersigned members of the Advisory Committee of Durpati
Sidar, a candidate for the degree of Master of Science in Agriculture with major
in Agronomy have gone through the manuscript of the thesis and agree that the
thesis entitled, “WEED MANAGEMENT IN DIRECT-SEEDED RICE (Oryza
sativa L.)” may be submitted by Durpati Sidar in partial fulfilment of the
requirement for the degree.

_____________________________
(R.R. Upasani)
Chairman
Advisory Committee

ENDORSED Members of Advisory Committee

1. ……………………………….
(S. Karmakar)

________________________
(M.S. Yadava)

2. ………………………..………
Dean
(Sheela Barla)
Faculty of Agriculture

3. ………………………………….
(A.N. Puran)

4. … ……………………………….
(Arvind Kumar Singh)
BIRSA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY

RANCHI (JHARKHAND)
(Certificate of approval by the Advisory Committee and External Examiner)

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the thesis entitled, “WEED MANAGEMENT IN
DIRECT SEEDED RICE (Oryza sativa L.)” submitted by Durpati Sidar in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in
Agriculture with major in Agronomy of faculty of Post–Graduate Studies, Birsa
Agricultural University, Ranchi (Jharkhand) was examined and approved on
…………….

_____________________________
________________________ External Examiner
(R.R. Upasani)
Chairman Members of Advisory Committee
Advisory Committee

1. ……………………………….
(S. Karmakar)
________________________
(M.S. Yadava)

Chairman
Department of Agronomy

2. ………………………..………
(Sheela Barla)

________________________

(Z. Haider)
Dean 3. ………………………………….
Post-Graduate Studies (A.N. Puran)

4. ………………………………….
(Arvind Kumar Singh)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost I consider it my privilege in expressing deep admiration and
immense gratitude to my advisor and Chairman of Advisory committee Dr. R.R.
Upasani, Chief Scientist cum- University Professor for his meticulous guidance, calm
endurance, constant encouragement and sustained support on each and every aspect of
this investigation and preparation of this manuscript. It is scientific approach and
generosity without any reservation, have been my privileges to work under his
supervision, knowledge and enthusiastic interest, which he provided me throughout my
post graduation and research investigation despite his heavy schedule of work.
I am highly obliged to the members of my Advisory Committee, Dr. S.
Karmakar, Chief Scientist cum- University Professor, Department of Agronomy, Dr.
(Mrs.) Sheela Barla, (Assistant Professor, Agronomy), Mr. A.N. Puran (Assistant
Professor, Soil Science), Dr. A.K. Singh (Assistant Professor, Agronomy) for their
erudite guidance and encouragement during the course of research work as well as
preparation of the manuscript.
I gratefully acknowledge to Dr. R. Thakur, Chief Scientist cum- University
Professor and Dr. M.K. Singh Chief Scientist cum-University Professor for their
valuable suggestions, support and encouragement.
I express sincere gratitude to all the teaching member of the Department of
Agronomy and thankful to all the non-teaching staff members of the Department.
I am highly obliged to our Hon’ble Vice-chancellor and Dr. M.S. Yadava, Dean
Faculty of Agriculture, Dr. Z.A. Haider, Dean Post Graduate Studies-Cum D.R.I. for
providing necessary facilities during the period of my investigation.
I acknowledge my sincere thanks to AICRP on weed control, (ICAR), Ranchi
centre and Mr. Shailesh, Field Overseer, Weed Control for providing facilities for field
experimentation.
My sincere thanks go to central library and faculty library, Faculty of
Agriculture for providing required facility and support during the course of study.
My Sincere thanks are also due to my friends Prerna, Neha Bharti, Shubham,
Priyanka, Kumari Jayanti, Jaya Singh for their co-operation and support during entire
study period. I will never forget those memorable days, which I have spend with the
colleagues. Heartiest thanks are also due to my senior i.e. Miss. Shikha Singh, Sonali
Kar, Nirmala Kumari, R. Nomita and my dear juniors Miss Sonali Maithili for their
suggestion, co-operation and received from time to time.
Words can hardly express the heartfelt gratitude to my beloved father Shri
Kashi Ram Sidar and mother Smt. Durga Devi Sidar, whose selfless love, filial
affection, obstinate sacrifices and blessing made my path easier. My most cordial
thanks goes to my elder Brother Mr. Om Prakesh Sidar, younger brother Lukesh Kumar
Sidar little sister Hemanti Sidar and my all family members.
I am grateful to acknowledge all those I am missing and who provided their
direct or indirect help during the course of study.
At last, I would like to prey Almighty and Omnipresent “God “who is invisible
but always with me as my mother and father for improving my confidence and
determination in my whole life. So, my lord, please realize and accept my feelings.

Date:
Place: Ranchi Durpati Sidar
ABSTRACT

The present investigation entitled “Weed management in direct seeded rice
(Oryza sativa L.)” was carried out during Kharif, 2013 at the Agronomical Research
Farm, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand on sandy loam soil (61% sand,
silt 25% and clay 14%), having medium organic carbon (0.47%), low available nitrogen
(223.45kg/ha), medium available phosphorus (18.9 kg/ha) and low available potassium
(128.8kg/ha) with moderately acidic (pH 5.95). The experiment was laid out in a
randomized block design with 12 treatments replicated thrice. Rice variety lalat was
grown as a test crop with row to row spacing of 20 cm. The experimental site was
infested with all three categories of weeds grassy, broad leaved and sedges which
accounted for 30.58, 28.38, and 41.04 % respectively.
Among weed control methods application of pendimethalin 1000g/ha at 3 DAS
fb bispyribac-sodium 25g/ha at 20 DAS fb manual weeding at 45 DAS was similar to
mechanical weeding at 20, 40 and 60 DAS and also application of pyrazosulfuron
20g/ha at 3 DAS fb bispyribac-sodium 25g/ha at 25 DAS which reduced density of
weeds at 30 and 60 DAS (389 and 453/m2), weed dry matter (75.72 and 135.78 g/m2)
thereby recorded highest weed control efficiency (82.34 and 73.70%). Pendimethalin
1000g/ha at 3 DAS fb bispyribac-sodium 25g/ha at 20 DAS fb manual weeding at 45
DAS was similar to mechanical weeding at 20, 40 and 60 DAS and also pyrazosulfuron
20g/ha at 3 DAS fb bispyribac-Na 25g/ha at 25 DAS registered higher growth
parameters of rice viz. plant height (98.20 cm), number of tillers (278/m2), dry matter
accumulation by plant (1071.91g/m2) at maturity, leaf area index 90 DAS (3.86), crop
growth rate 30-60DAS (16.28 g/m2/day), yield attributes viz. number of effective tillers
(265/m2), number of filled grains/panicle (95/panicle), 1000 grain weight (25.99g), grain
yield (3972 kg/ha) straw yield (4786 kg/ha) and net return (` 37935/ha). However,
application of pyrazosulfuron 20g/ha at 3 DAS fb bispyribac-sodium 25g/ha at 25 DAS
recorded highest B:C ratio (2.18%) similar to mechanical weeding at 20, 40 and 60 DAS.
Mechanical weeding at 20, 40 and 60 DAS was on par with all weed control treatment in
maintaining soil bacterial and actinomycetes population. However, bispyribac-sodium
20g/ha + Almix (chlorimuron + metsulfuron) 4g /ha at 20 DAS and Almix (chlorimuron
+ metsulfuron) 4g /ha at 20 DAS reduced of fungal population. Hense, on the basis of
one year experiment it may be concluded that application of pendimethalin 1000g/ha at 3
DAS fb bispyribac-sodium 25g/ha at 20 DAS fb manual weeding at 45 DAS was similar
to mechanical weeding at 20, 40 and 60 DAS or pyrazosulfuron 20g/ha at 3 DAS fb
bispyribac-sodium 25g/ha at 25 DAS for better crop growth, higher productivity and
profitability of direct seeded rice.
CONTENTS
Chapter Particulars Page No.
1 INTRODUCTION 1-4
2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 5-33
2.1 Direct-seeded rice problems and prospects 5
2.2 Critical period of crop weed competition 6
2.3 Effect of weed on yield of direct-seeded rice 6
2.4 Weed flora in direct-seeded rice 8
2.5 Effect of weed control methods on weed dynamics 12
2.6 Effect of weed control methods on growth of rice 19
2.7 Effect of weed control methods on yield attributes 21
2.8 Effect of weed control methods on yield of direct-seeded rice 23
2.9 Effect of herbicides on microbial population 27
2.10 Effect of weed control methods on economics 30
3 MATERIALS AND METHODS 34-56
3.1 Experimental site 34
3.2 Geographical location 34
3.3 Climate and weather condition 34
3.4 Meteorological condition during the period of investigation 35
3.4.1 Rainfall 35
3.4.2 Temperature 35
3.4.3 Sunshine hours 35
3.4.4 Wind velocity 36
3.4.5 Relative humidity 36
3.5 Physico-chemical properties of the experimental field 36
3.6 Cropping history of the experimental field 37
3.7 Experimental details 38
3.7.1 Layout plan 38
3.7.2 Treatment details 49
3.8 Material used for experimentation 49
3.8.1 Rice cultivar 49
3.8.2 Fertilizer 49
3.8.3 Herbicides used in experiment and their method of application 40
3.8.3.1 Bispyribac-sodium 40
3.8.3.2 Butachlor 41
3.8.3.3 Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl 42
3.8.3.4 Almix 43
3.8.3.5 Pendimethalin 44
3.8.3.6 Oxadiargyl 45
3.9 Field management and operations 46
3.9.1 Field preparation 46
3.9.2 Sowing 46
3.9.3 Nutrient management practices 46
3.9.4 Weed management practices 47
3.9.4.1 Hand weeding and mechanical weeding 47
3.9.4.2 Chemical weed management 48