Table Of ContentConcrete/Materials Science
“One of the book’s most outstanding features is how it uses high-profile, cutting-edge
case studies throughout as a means of demonstrating how the topics discussed in the D
book pertain to the real design and construction process. It is also very well illustrated,
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with clear and highly informative graphical information.”
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—Tom Dyer, University of Dundee, UK A SPON PRESS BOOK
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“The coverage of important construction durability issues including curing, control of
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concrete cover and evaluation of as-built quality is valuable, up to date, and better than L
found in comparable books.” I
—Douglas Hooton, University of Toronto, Canada T
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This book provides an up-to-date survey of durability issues, with a particular focus on
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specification and design, and how to achieve durability in actual concrete construction.
It is aimed at the practising engineer, but is also a valuable resource for graduate-level C
programs in universities. Along with background to current philosophies it gathers O
together in one useful reference a summary of current knowledge on concrete durability, N
includes information on modern concrete materials, and shows how these materials C
can be combined to produce durable concrete. The approach is consistent with the R
increasing focus on sustainability that is being addressed by the concrete industry, with
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the current emphasis on ‘design for durability’.
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• Places durability into the context of modern concrete design and construction
• Summarizes in understandable terms how and why concrete deteriorates
• Provides information on modern concrete materials and how they can be used to
produce durable concretes
• Gives the background to current philosophies around durability design and
specifications
MCT
Sidney Mindess is professor emeritus and former associate vice president at the
University of British Columbia, Canada. 20
D U R A B I L I T Y O F
Mark Alexander is Professor of Civil Engineering in the University of Cape Town
and former president of RILEM, the international union of laboratories and experts in A
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construction materials, systems and structures. E
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Arnon Bentur is professor and former director general of the Technion, Israel, and is AN C O N C R E T E
former president of RILEM. D
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E DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
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20 •
MODERN CONCRE TE TECHNOLOGY M MARK ALEXANDER
I
N
D ARNON BENTUR
K32510 N
6000 Broken Sound Parkway, NW E
Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487 ISBN: 978-1-138-74674-9 S SIDNEY MINDESS
711 Third Avenue 90000 S
New York, NY 10017
an informa business
2 Park Square, Milton Park
www.crcpress.com Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN, UK
9 781138 746749 20
MODERN CONCRE TE TECHNOLOGY
www.sponpress.com
Durability of Concrete
Modern Concrete Technology Series Optimization Methods for Material Design of Cement-Based Composites
Edited by A. Brandt Hb: 978-0-419-21790-9
A series of books presenting the state-of-the-art in concrete technology
Steel Corrosion in Concrete
Series Editors A. Bentur, S. Diamond & N. Berke Hb: 978-0-419-22530-0
Arnon Bentur
Durability of Concrete in Cold Climates
Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Technion-Israel Institute of Technology
M. Pigeon & R. Pleau Hb: 978-0-419-19260-2
Sidney Mindess
Concrete in Hot Environments
Department of Civil Engineering University of British Columbia
I. Soroka Hb: 978-0-419-15970-4
Concrete in the Maritime Environment
P. K. Mehta Hb: 978-1-85166-622-5
Durability of Concrete: Design and Construction
Mark Alexander, Arnon Bentur, Sidney Mindess Hb: 978-1-138-74674-9
Sustainability of Concrete
Pierre-Claude Aïtcin, Sidney Mindess Hb: 978-1-138-07568-9
Binders for Durable and Sustainable Concrete
P. -C. Aïtcin Hb: 978-0-415-38588-6
Fibre Reinforced Cementitious Composites 2nd Edition
A. Bentur & S. Mindess Hb: 978-0-415-25048-1
Diffusion of Chloride in Concrete
E. Poulsen & L. Mejlbro Hb: 978-0-419-25300-6
Pore Structure of Cement-Based Materials: Testing, Interpretation, and
Requirements
K. K. Aligizaki Hb: 978-0-419-22800-4
Aggregates in Concrete
M. G. Alexander & S. Mindess Hb: 978-0-415-25839-5
Fundamentals of Durable Reinforced Concrete
M. G. Richardson Hb: 978-0-419-23780-8
Sulfate Attack on Concrete
J. Skalny, J. Marchand & I. Odler Hb: 978-0-419-24550-6
Special Inorganic Cements
I. Odler Hb: 978-0-419-22790-8
Concrete Mixture Proportioning
F. de Larrard Hb: 978-0-419-23500-2
High Performance Concrete
P. -C. Aïtcin Hb: 978-0-419-19270-1
Optimization Methods for Material Design of Cement-Based Composites
Edited by A. Brandt Hb: 978-0-419-21790-9
Steel Corrosion in Concrete
A. Bentur, S. Diamond & N. Berke Hb: 978-0-419-22530-0
Durability of Concrete in Cold Climates
M. Pigeon & R. Pleau Hb: 978-0-419-19260-2
Concrete in Hot Environments
I. Soroka Hb: 978-0-419-15970-4
Concrete in the Maritime Environment
P. K. Mehta Hb: 978-1-85166-622-5
Durability of Concrete
Design and Construction
Mark Alexander, Arnon Bentur,
and Sidney Mindess
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2017 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Alexander, Mark G., editor. | Bentur, Arnon, editor. | Mindess,
Sidney, editor.
Title: Durability of concrete : design and construction / [edited] by Mark
Alexander, Arnon Bentur and Sidney Mindess.
Other titles: Durability of concrete (CRC Press)
Description: Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2017] | Series: Modern concrete
technology series | Includes bibliographical references and indexes.
Identifiers: LCCN 2017002663| ISBN 9781482237252 (hardback : alk. paper) |
ISBN 9781138746749 (pbk. : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781482237269 (ebook : alk.
paper)
Subjects: LCSH: Concrete--Deterioration. | Concrete--Service life.
Classification: LCC TA440 .D81915 2017 | DDC 624.1/834--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017002663
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
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and the CRC Press Web site at
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To our long-suffering wives
Lyn
Esty
Joanne
Contents
Preface xvii
Acknowledgments xix
Authors xxi
1 Introduction 1
References 9
2 Concrete as a modern construction material 11
2.1 Overview 11
2.2 Hydration, microstructure, and pore solution composition 14
2.2.1 Range of binder compositions 14
2.2.2 Microstructure and pore solution composition 18
2.3 Control of the rheology of fresh concrete 23
2.4 Control of density and concrete microstructure 26
2.5 Deformations and crack control 32
References 34
3 Materials for concretes in relation to durability 37
3.1 Introduction 37
3.2 Portland cements and other binders 37
3.2.1 Chemical attack 38
3.2.1.1 Alkali–aggregate reaction 39
3.2.1.2 Sulfate attack 39
3.2.1.3 Acid attack 40
3.2.1.4 Other considerations 40
3.2.1.5 Fineness 41
3.2.1.6 C A content 41
3
3.2.2 Physical attack 42
3.2.2.1 Thermal effects 42
ix
