DTIC ADA461632: Autonomous Agents with Application to the Evaluation of Organizational Structures

8 Pages·0.16 MB·English

by  Defense Technical Information Center

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dnammoc dna lortnoc )2C2A( ot tneserper a citsilaer dnammoc dna lortnoc tnemnorivne htiwa
llams rebmun fo namuh .stnapicitrap sihT repap stneserp a dohtem fo gnitneserperegral
snoitazinag ryob gni csuudoomrotnno itsutanega taht e.tsa rlleuakmnaiomsi-tneiosdiedshaiTced
tc a, rntoeoustiblntaiacin uem gms aotascnisavepmic ith ntctear aihmas rwtupttyehnoltennngoia
htiw e h,ttnemnor ihvcnie hywltcer isdtncieffa eht n asmtunhapicitr adpn asetubirtnoc ot aerom
citsilaer .tnemnorivne ecniS eht stnega tca sa lanoitidda dellortnocnu srotcaf dna esaercnieht
ytilibairav fo eht ,tnemirepxe ti si tnatropmi ot eb elba ot lortnoc rieht snoitca hcus tahteht
dyeetusis sl ssei.i ir b)ddyad e d tlenz ra,ill Iisor lolsmi(e e iroiihpthtbtrntaatsantipaionmercolacv
yb gnitpircs ’stnega .snoitca sihT repap osla seifitnedi emos fo eht segnellahc dna stseggusa
esruoc fo noitca ni eht tnempoleved fo ylu retvitcaretni d neavitarob asltlnoecga rof,gnipoleved
eCgr aglninia rdt n,agnissessa 2 .snoitazina gro
1. noitcudortnI
ehT yduts fo dnammoc dna lortnoc serutcetihcra ni eht 2C2A margorp sevlovni ehtlaciteroeht
tnempoleved dna latnemirepxe sisylana fo lanoitazinagro .serutcurts oT etad eht ezis foeht
d de ese iy,vntn dt laoi eduiymlh imlentxbea ft iobasetmdoaelrmlssnzhtmpyaitnomsnocoaccgro
dna eh ts cdietts ai.igncoooli sthsatatinwe msiArepxe a g nriedtntaetbsr efdonuC 2 lano itazinagro
serutcurts si ,depoleve dlatnemirep xsenoitatimil lliw yltnacifingis pacidnah rehtruf .seidutsnI
,ralucitrap eht wol slevel fo ,noitacinummoc ,noitanidrooc dna dnammoc ytirohtua tneserpni
la cCt i snp ti iyeaxd tshenootothpts es rnotrodooinctazin alglraoms 2 ,er o.fnseinroeihtTa zinagro
redro ot dnatsrednu dnammoc dna lortnoc ,serutcetihcra regral snoitazinagro deen ot eb
.deredisnoc
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namnielK[ et al , ]6991 sah neeb desu ot tnemirepxe htiw ylevitaler llams.snoitazinagro
stnemi rh etspinxw o Erieetrgairzuaiqlne arygn r ayo.mls r t,ednrpeaeonpvriiepacwrioyttHlrnaop
a llams rebmun fo deifilauq stcejbus era .elbaliava nI redro ot esaercni eht ezis fo eht
,snoitazinag rsoiht repap sesoporp eht esu fo suomonotua stnega ot etalum ilsanoitid-dnaoisiced

15210-C-59-41 0t0c0aN r# rt hendcd oe rnect y a uc rlbseeki foaishrfsopvhetofapaTRwOwuNs
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does not display a currently valid OMB control number.
1. REPORT DATE 3. DATES COVERED
1999 2. REPORT TYPE 00-00-1999 to 00-00-1999
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER
Autonomous Agents with Application to the Evaluation of Organizational
5b. GRANT NUMBER
Structures
5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER
6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER
5e. TASK NUMBER
5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER
7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION
Alphatech Inc,50 Mall Road,Burlington,MA,01803 REPORT NUMBER
9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S ACRONYM(S)
11. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S REPORT
NUMBER(S)
12. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
Approved for public release; distribution unlimited
13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
The original document contains color images.
14. ABSTRACT
15. SUBJECT TERMS
16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF 18. NUMBER 19a. NAME OF
ABSTRACT OF PAGES RESPONSIBLE PERSON

a. REPORT b. ABSTRACT c. THIS PAGE 7
unclassified unclassified unclassified
Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98)
Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18
srekam ni eht .DtDnDemn oersievhnT estnega lli wtcaretn ihtiw ,eetthnatecminnourmimvonce
htiw rehto ,srekam-noisiced dna troppus latnemirepxe .slaog ,yletanutrofnU eseht stnega
lsa cteint teadsmcei i i lglrgls loaenpryolnpimobroxcottieuccntdaoiofcd rndntuaini eht emasyaw
sl ta tnn. aaodnhpilatitumciou idwhetdnraOap yaw gn i fleo lssoerrhotttncoac fsi noitartsenhotc
, e. ssnniaoIhcitti dlnaotcnemir e hprcx eaeydelnrual iemtiusbir t yn teo hahcychttutisv i’tsctanega
eht tcapmi fo eht stneg alliw eb mro fsisnourca lla slna oteinhtetim didnrnoeacpx elliw tonsaib
eht tnednepedni latnemirepxe .selbairav gnitpircS eht ’stnega snoitca sedivorp a mret-raen
,.rse tvs neisy ewhttlmotiiaiHm l y nrieidmnoelhbnooiptianitxxot aeeturtzlulonifaofensrargurco
fo eht .tnega ehT tnempoleved fo tnegilletni stnega rof noitatnemirepxe lliw dnapxe eht
.stnemirep xeerut u nfsitne g oaetlbalia veal odr nsaeitilibapac
noitceS 2 secudort neiht DtDnDemnori vdnnea spoleved a krowemar fgrnoiftnese rephetrcisab
tnegil ln eo. ti3dn teInccieuSdo rsettrn naideegtap i,rkcrsowe md s aeni.rsohsfatsBe cnooripsiced
e h ftsoeitilibap aecvitcaret ndi neavitaroball oec hgtnidnap x yen4boitc e nsdiecudort nei rsatnega
n.o5it cdneeisdulc nrsoeic p ea.hptTn edgeatpircs
2. ssec onroPisi ceehDT
nI eht DDD ,tnemnorivne hcae rekam-noisiced si elba ot evresbo eht aera fo tseretni,)IOA(
lortnoc a tes fo smroftalp 2 , dna etacinummoc htiw rehto .srekam-noisiced A lausivyalpsid
seziretcarahc eht IOA gnidulcni esraoc lacihpargoeg serutaef dna na cinoci noitatneserperfo
tasks 3 ee rm;aossetub idy re bttzafetiosaretcar arhecht resurmfaroft adslnkp as.asTmroft adlnpa
detn eyslelrapceirhparg dna sre h.tyollaciremun A tes fo smrof tdaellplortnoc yb hcae-noisiced
no ir te .hs cksttwe aamniodermrewlis eom lveetfnyaohhntotrTti aripalilpvei ntboeuatcpeascorp
sksat sa llew sa niatbo noitamrofni aiv .srosnes noitacinummoC si detatilicaf aivcinortcele
gnigassem dna atad noissimsnart ,.g.e( gnirrefsnart rosnes .)atad ehT DDD osla setalumiseht
oyi trsiatvnn ieatt cpa ctsihtasctcuiamtrr eahtptniiw ni redro o tevei h s cdeeaevhnititlcteujnobio
.nois s ei rhmsotrfe dlraonoitar eephot
oT eveihca noi s,ssiemvitcejbo a ecneuqes fo snoisiced era edam gnidrager eh tnoitalupinamfo
smroftalp ,.e.i( ,evom ,kcatta ,)eusrup eht gnirehtag fo ,noitamrofni dna
noitanid rhotoic w /,.nysolri letrakaecachimitf-noinuc omerim pesoaSkicacme-dn osidseiecnedot
eb elba ot enimret endehw dna erehw ot ev osmmroftal pdna rednu s etcanhawtsmu cortickcatta
ro eusrup eht .ymene mroftalP tnemevom si detcirtser htob yllacitsigol ,.e.i( detimil )leufdna
, ,m.y,, rrel )asio. ld d eaaf ih anendrshth(cmcagueo acaoinota lierharitphfprgmiwaiyrlagmoeg
niatbo rosnes noitamrofni ro .kcatta ,eroferehT a rekam-noisiced tsum etanidroocmroftalp
tnemev ohmtiw rseehitto i,v .i,ety.cfi ai()tknceadtita ni redro ot eveihca eht d.eerviistecdejbnoI
.ks adteifitnedi n nueatuceso rdp nyafitne d o isteivitcej beo h,twol edbets islseco rnpoisic eedht
1) ?eg nraors nneish td ie mwverobomft aenlhaptC
2) oe(tvoM x , y ).
1 1
3) dn . err)ai ooetresoaftnfd(aeuslavE
4) Identify type (helicopter, fighter aircraft).
5) ?etuces odoretpp pi umqreoft a elshpIt

2 Platforms indicate the resources available to each decision-maker (e.g., Infantry, CAS aircraft, Engineering).
3 ehT mret ”ksat“ lliw eb desu yllacirogetac ot refer ot ,sksat dna lartuen ro ymene.smroftalp
6) ? e k gmcnn r a ianodt ehrafetebtCtvahiaotwlmp
7) oe(tvoM x , y ).
2 2
8) Attack.
9) . em onhruteR
sihT noisic esdsecorp yam eb detal synlatrcterid otni a elpmi snoisiced eert nwohs ni erugiF 1 .
.ee rntoisic eed h ntx i osadbaetneserp e sreivo bsaseco rnpoisic eed h ntein ihlcaE
9 .egnar rosnes nihtiw devom eb tonnac mroftalP
1 9 yldneirf etacidni srosneS
2 3 egnar rosnes nihtiw evom nac mroftalP
5 retpocileH deifitnedI
9 etucesorp ot deppiuqe ton mroftalP
4 eof etacidni srosneS
5 tfarcria rethgiF deifitnedI
9 egnar kcatta nihtiw devom eb tonnac mroftalP
6 etucesor po tdeppiuq es imroftalP
7 8 9 emo hnrute R&kcattA
erugiF 1 Decision Tree
neie rntoisic eedhT erugiF 1 h. tgsresunecroe oknir haiaeFhftsmutoi-q cnes eost dicesehirtciedd
rekam-noisiced tsum enimreted rehtehw eht mroftalp nac eb devom nihtiw rosnes .egnar fIeht
mroftalp nac eb devom nihtiw rosnes egnar desab( no cihpargoeg dna cit s,i)gsoelitilibapaceht
. e kpeesythatattc i ldnlnoiiiwtau lraevhe t,reulfi tdseoihfi t. k ndfesseeIhaidtttiau lsearrvoaesnes
nI siht ,elpmaxe eht mroftalp si ton deppiuqe ot etucesorp a .retpocileh ,revewoH fi eht ksatsi
deifitnedi sa a rethg i,ftfarcria eht mroftalp si devom otni kcatta noitisop dna na kcatta si.edam
sihT elpmi snoitatneserper fo a noisiced ssecorp si desu ni eht txen noitces ot poleveddetpircs
.stnega
-noisic eedlpitl ushmac ussrotc agfnitacilpm oecdulc noditetnemg uey abasmseco rnpoisic eedhT
srekam dna .ytniatrecnu elpitluM srekam-noisiced yam eb evitarepooc ro evitarepooc-non
.)ymene( nI rehtie , elsaa ncsoniotiisdidcae dera dedda ot eht noisic e.deert nI elp-intoliusmiced
r e,ksaemssec oyrlpno a tesbus fo eh tsnoisiced si elbaliava ot eb edam yb.re khacma-enoisiced
s elhacn nosyoaie t trtcs n. biuno isn ddoseasoed oilsteihaersaercstrtiheoinancTcrceienpetdUdfo
attributed to “nature”.
ehT ecneuqes fo seitivitca deniltuo ni eht noisiced eert tsum evah owt cisab ,seitreporp
ssenetelpmoc dna ssentcerroc . ssenetelpmoC fo a noisiced ycilop si eht ytiliba fo eht ycilopot
eldnah lla eht elbissop noisiced .setats ssentcerro Csebircsed eht wolf fo eht .ygetarts Atcerroc
ygetarts lliw deecorp hguorht a ecneuqes fo elbisaef noisiced setats ,.e.i( eht tluser fohcae
noisi cleldiw dael ot a dila vd e nndoinif ase)idec-teladltes w dentaanimr etta a ellbainsiamerfet
etats ni a etinif rebmun fo .spets ht osBsentcerro cd nsasenetelpm oyeclrlaacitdaemneihfteadm
.ygetar tdsenif eydletairporp p noadateilp pyalsuorog ienr badcna
3. detpsitrnceSgA
detpircS stnega etalumis eht roivaheb fo namuh srekam-noisiced ni eht DDD tnemnorivneyb
gnimrofrep a ecneuqes fo seitivitca taht era deifitnedi ni a denifederp .tpircs sihT tpircs
sdnopserroc ot a noisiced ssecorp dna sediug eht tnega ot eveihca a cificeps .evitcejboehT
’stnega ytivitca si detaitini aiv na cinortce leegassem taht seificeps a ralucitr a.ptpircs ecnOeht
tpircs si ,deificeps eht stnega etarepo yltnednepedni dna tcaretni htiw eht DDDtnemnorivne
.strapretnu oncam urhie horttalimis
l a ,hnts c opd , aniindseEotra ndl iicmsnanpntdsmioamocnoimiiaoctmstc a oafvacnoriebsmbooc
,no iltaacci oh slp wd a,nonnr.o laoggiselmio.tthamteea ntoa g(mt ecv.rcogrcoataeifrsgntboixOle
,setubirtta dna )segassem morf eht DDD .tnemnorivne noitcA sdnammoc wolla eht tnegaot
tcaretni htiw eht tnemnorivne dna rehto srekam-noisiced ,.g.e( evom , eusrup , kcatta , dna dnes
.cig ollanoitisopo r npdoes aybtilibap agcninosa ecris aeabdivo rspdnamm oncoitaula v.E)egassem
.)esle-neht- f,i.g. et(pir ces hntiht iswtnemeta tlsanoitidn occis asbwol lcaig oellpm issihT
erugiF 2 elpmaS :oiranecS tpircS A dehsad( ,)enil tpircS B dettod()enil
ehT oiranecs ni erugiF 2 esviitatneser pfeor a tni osjuoibi hgpnmiadn aoliranecs desu nitnecer
2C2A .stnemirepxe ehT eulb stcejbo evah neeb dedda ot etatonna eht ytivitca fo ehtdetpircs
tnega taht si denoitats no na tfarc rrieairrac ni eht nrehtr onnoiger fo eht oira ndeectsoned( ybna
”S“ ni eht pot noitrop fo eht .)erugif sihT tnega slortnoc na ria tessa taht si desu ot hcraesdna
yortsed ymene tfarcria ni eht .noiger sihT tnega sah owt stp i)rscesig e.tealrbtasl(iava ehTtnega
s et.ia egameitt a er yte std runfeseorooohtta tpcl mleoibrwp
ehT evitcejbo fo tpircS A si ot hcraes na aera ni eht ytiniciv fo noitac o)l03,04( tsuj tsew foeht
tfarcria .reirrac fI na ymene tfarcria si dnuof nihtiw rosnes egnar eht tnega lliw .kcatta Asutats
.ae re ahgtniva eorltoi rtpn esesigassem
tpirc S dAeton eydb( a deh)seandil
Move morf tfarcria reirrac ot noitisop ,04()03
Evaluate re nogsisn thnactereisjwbo
fI tcejbo si ymene ,.e .eit(ubir tsteaulavdeecxe
)sd ldoehnsiefrehdterp
Attack ymene
Report suta ts
nruteR to aircraft carrier
tsfiarc ryi m a .efnrnIaeeir rtafcarc r ehifhtao tusoas e orhw actt r p Basio e irtesfcvoSitce jebhoT
.ae rhac ageniva eorltoi rtpn esesigass esmut a .tAdsekcat t sta,iideifitnedi
tpircS B detoned( yb a dettod)enil
Move morf tfarcria reirrac ot noitisop)54,57(
Evaluate re nogsisn thnactereisjwbo
fI tcejbo si ymene ,.e .eit(ubir tsteaulavdeecxe
)sd ldoehnsiefrehdterp
Attack ymene
Report suta ts
Move morf tfarcria reirrac ot noitisop)07,08(
Evaluate re nogsisn thnactereisjwbo
fI tcejbo si ymene ,.e .eit(ubir tsteaulavdeecxe
)sd ldoehnsiefrehdterp
Attack ymene
Report suta ts
nruteR to aircraft carrier
ehT tcapmi fo eht tnega no eht D DtDnemnoriv ndena eht ssen edreadwiavorp ot reht-onoisiced
rCegr a falsotcef feevitaroball oec hstetalum itsne gea h ytsbrekam 2 .noitazina gro
,eehrtofe r.eehvTitc ec jihbfsoi ical epspm esooictt cieav ci fntsoe ceud anqeai exltsitp fuieorhcTs
tnega seod ton deen ot daeha-k odonloyeb eht tner r.uycti v,ihtgcuaohtl Aese hsteitivietdcualcni
noit chatriewt neih ttn no, eisDmtrDn aeDodc k rnioaeiantmh vu -ttnmrnpemeoiohirctscoiscseid
deirrac t utonednepedn ifo rehto D D.Dseitivit ce ahtTn esdenietpievdintica fo eht stnega plehot
erusne eht ssentcerroc fo eht tpircs ecnis tnedneped snoitca dluoc evael eht tnega ni agnitiaw
etats .yletinifedni ehT tpircs si etelpmoc ecnis ylno yranib snoisiced era .desu fI ehtkcatta
dn ae mrdmeeowsca bno s eesdhr eletietn ulu patyobq,yhcrwiedtte esrerfvsiroe ofokpicstantedi
dee.ptry noteufbocca
erehT era lareves syaw taht eht stpircs nac eb desu ot lortnoc eht latnemirepxe tcapmi foeht
detpircs .stnega eroferehT eht tnempoleved fo eht tpircs sa llew sa eht noitacifitnedi fotnega
seitilibisnopser dna seitivitca nihtiw eht latnemirepxe oiranecs evah emoceb tnacifingis
stnenopmoc fo eht latnemirepxe .ngised nI ,lareneg gningissa stnega ot mrofrepylevitaler
.elbair alvatnemirep xtenedneped n nisotne gea h fttocap mei hstecud esrks attnednepedni
4. sttnnee ggniAo lirltoe aftednhnITuoF
detpirc Sstnega edivorp eht yra snsoeicteandnuof rof eht re httnreumfpoleved fo yluervtitcaretni
dna evitaroballo c.stnega esehT ”tnegilletni“ stnega edivorp a erom detacitsi hyptoislibapacrof
gninosaer ni dna gnitcaretni htiw xelpmocC 2 .stnemnori vsnneoitacilppA rof esehttnegilletni
:edulc nsitnega
• Cgnissess adn agnipoleved 2 snoitazinag ro
• slo ogtninia rdt nganiniart
• sdi anoisice ddn agnika mnoisiced
el b mago lnrat iifefats ovcs aetyl nbedesegta ps ieferiohcttsilib adepnha atcsptx netengeagilletnI
snoitca ta hcae lortnoc tniop rehtar naht gniyler no a denife d.etrppircs nA tnegille ttnniegalliw
tceles eht tsom etairporppa noitca desab no eht tnerruc dna erutuf tifeneb fo taht .noitcaesehT
st nleelvgiaaw h rlesn toobtisc iri ue.vtmsorran iumi ehosloodanec imnnbyhooalTntmlouutafua
revo eht ’stn e,gsanoit c galnaitknaem mylilortrentpanxcoe icrfeidnrgaihs naht htiw ehtdetpircs
.stnega roF tnegilletni ,stnega lortnoc tsum eb deilppa yb gnitimil eht elbaliava seitivitcadna
.stneg aeh to tsevitcejb odn aseitilibisnopse rgningiss aylluferac
rehtonA egnellahc si gnitaulave eht tifeneb fo hcae laitnetop noitca os taht eht tsometairporppa
noitca nac eb .nekat si heTgnellah cnac e bderedisno cni owt .stra p,tsriF eht tnega tsumtnuocca
rof tnerr uyctniovcitc anihtiw e h,ttne mgnnoirdiu vl,ncsen rireekhatmo-no ieshitced ,ymenedna
larutan ro( )mo d.nsat rn,edvneoceS eht tnega tsum eb elbapac fgonitaul aevhet eru ttuiffenebfo
nnoai t. n csytit attxn eniee nt he vtg,In ftghinisetoa tt olerneoc eclsrehbadheaurtnttccrannuiocc
lliw yler ni evitingoc sledom taht tneserper eht yaw snamuh eldnah eseht .smelborpehT
noi tytatn tiefnvroeirs tuesccrianp oedcresab no a ledom fo . s ees’htrestiuntfteneurenFagewaba
.tnemnoriv ne e hfstoeruta endfoes adbetaula vsei
ehT tnempoleved fo tnegillet nsitnega si reht rdueftacilpmoc yb a deen rof emit-la)ecrimanyd(
.gnikam-noisiced ciman ygdn-iomrmuaerNgorp )PDN([ sakestreB et al , ]6991 si llew detiusrof
siht epyt fo .melborp PDN sesu na noitamixorppa erutcetihcra ,.g.e( tsaeL ,serauqSlarueN
seru tcaietfsire t hct can sureeasamh hntsco nr foieoivhtn tcexneul fpe mr)o u .c,tockpttraeocwteN
yrassecen rof eht tnegillet nsitnega ot etaulave erutuf .setats eh Tno istearmuitxcoertpiphacraera
d eenniia lrse-tnvfoif it o. tansngatieo nunuiditeqtesis iacusesnznrihiapghcmvenTeidrittanpioart
,senimreted ni eht mrof fo a xelpmoc ,noitcnuf woh ot weiv eht tnemnorivne ni redro otekam
etairporppa .snoisiced ecnO eht noitamixorppa serutcetihcra si ,deniart eht seulav yrassecenrof
.em ilta e nrdietaren e egnb agcnikam-noisiced
ehT cisab sdohtem detneserp ni siht repap rof detpircs stnega lliw edivorp eht lacitcarpdna
etaidemre tenndaiiv olsr lap,sesawtn etgnaegille ttfnnoiempole v ee rhdnotofitadn uloafciteroeht
.sd eleantnemire ptxneer rsusce r pdoedttas
5. noisulcnoC
ehT hcaorppa detneserp ni siht repap sesserdda eht egnellahc fo gnidivorp a citsilaerdnammoc
dna lortnoc tnemnorivne yb gnitalumis egral snoitazinagro htiw suomonotua .stnega nI redroot
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tnempoleved dna noitacilppa fo suomonotua stnega niC 2 .stnemnorivne ehT detpircsstnega
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