DTIC ADA385307: The World Factbook 2000

761 Pages·81.8 MB·English

by  Defense Technical Information Center

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The
World
Factbook
2000
Ing eneral, information available as of 1J anuary
2000 was used int he preparation of this edition.
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A Brief History of Basic Intelligence and
The World Factbook
The Intelligence Cycle ist he process by which inf ormation the first interdepartmental basic intelligence program to fulfill
isa cquired, conve rted into intelligence, and made available to the needs of the US Government for an authoritative and
policymnakers. Info rmation isr aw data from any source, data coordinated appraisal of strategic basic intelligence. Between
that may be fragmentary, contradictory, unreliable, April 1943 and July 1947, the board published 34 JAN IS
ambiguous, deceptive, or wrong. Intelligence isi nformation studies. JANIS performed well int he war effort, and
that has been collected, integrated, evaluated, analyzed, and numerous letters of commendation were received, including a
interpreted. Finished intelligence ist he final product of the statement fr om Adm. Forrest Sherman, Chief of Staff, Pacific
Intelligence Cycle ready to be delivered to the policymaker. Ocean Areas, which said, "JAN ISh as become the
indispensable reference work for the shore-based planners."
The three types of finished intelligence are: basic, current, The need for more comprehensive basic intelligence in
and estimative. Basic intelligence provides the fundamental the postwar world was well expressed in 1946 by George S.
and factual reference material on a country or issue. Current Pettee, a noted author on national security. He wrote in The
intelligence reports on new developments. Estimative Future of American Secret Intelligence (Infantry Journal
intelligence judges probable outcomes. The three are Press, 1946, page 46) that world leadership inp eace requires
mutually supportive: basic intelligence ist he foundation on even more elaborate intelligence than inw ar. "The conduct of
which the other two are constructed; current intelligence peace involves all countries, all human activities -not just the
continually updates the inventory of knowledge; and enemy and his war production."
estimative intelligence revises overall interpretations of The Central Intelligence Agency was established on 26
country and issue prospects for guidance of basic and current July 1947 and officially began operating on 18 September
intelligence. The World Factbook, The President's Daily Brief, 1947. Effective 1 October 1947, the Director of Central
and the National Intelligence Estimates are examples of the Intelligence assumed operational responsibility for JANIS. On
three types of finished intelligence. 13 January 1948, the National Security Council issued
The United States has carried on foreign intelligence Intelligence Directive (NSCID) No. 3, which authorized the
activities since the days of George Washington but only since National Intelligence Survey (NIS) program as a peacetime
World War 11ha ve they been coordinated on a replacement for the wartime JANIS program. Before
governmentwide basis. Three programs have highlighted the adequate NIS country sections could be produced,
development of coordinated basic intelligence since that time: government agencies had to develop more comprehensive
(1)t he Joint Army Navy Intelligence Studies (JANIS), (2)t he gazetteers and better maps. The US Board on Geographic
National Intelligence Survey (NIS), and (3)T he World Names (BGN) compiled the names; the Department of the
Factbook. Interior produced the gazetteers; and CIA produced the
During World War 11in, telligence consumers realized that maps.
the production of basic intelligence by different components of The Hoover Commission's Clark Committee, set up in
the US Government resulted in a great duplication of effort 1954 to study the structure and administration of the CIA,
and conflicting information. The Japanese attack on Pearl reported to Congress in 1955 that: "The National Intelligence
Harbor in 1941 brought home to leaders inC ongress and the Survey isa n invaluable publication which provides the
executive branch the need for integrating departmental essential elements of basic intelligence on all areas of the
reports to national policymnakers. Detailed and coordinated world. ... There will always be a continuing requirement for
information was needed not only on such major powers as keeping the Survey up-to-date." The Factbookwas created as
Germany and Japan, but also on places of little previous an annual summary and update to the encyclopedic NIS
interest. Int he Pacific Theater, for example, the Navy and studies. The first classified Factbookwas published in August
Marines had to launch amphibious operations against many 1962, and the first unclassified version was published inJ une
islands about which information was unconfirmed or 1971. The NIS program was terminated in 1973 except for the
nonexistent. Intelligence authorities resolved that the United Factbook, map, and gazetteer components. The 1975
States should never again be caught unprepared. Factbook was the first to be made available to the public with
In1 943, Gen. George B.S trong (G-2), Adm. H. C.T rain sales through the US Government Printing Office (GPO). The
(Office of Naval Intelligence -ONI), and Gen. William J. 1996 edition was printed by GPO and 1997 edition was
Donovan (Director of the Off ice of Strategic Services -OSS) reprinted by GP O. The year 2000 marks the 53rd anniversary
decided that a joint effort should be initiated. As teering of the establishment of the Central Intelligence Agency and
committee was appointed on 27 April 1943 that the 57th year of continuous basic intelligence support to the
recommended the formation of a Joint Intelligence Study US Government by The World Factbook and its two
Publishing Board to assemble, edit, coordinate, and publish predecessor programs.
the Joint Army Navy Intelligence Studies (JANIS). JANIS was
Contents
Page Page Page
Notes and Definitions vii Central African Republic 95 Greenland 197
Guide to Country Profiles xxviii Chad 97 Grenada 199
A Afghanistan 1 Chile 99 Guadeloupe 201
Albania 3 China (also see separate Hong Kong, 102 Guam 203
Algeria 6 Macau, and Taiwan entries) Guatemala 205
American Samoa 8 Christmas Island 105 Guernsey 207
Andorra 10 Clipperton Island 106 Guinea 209
Angola 12 Cocos (Keeling) Islands 107 Guinea-Bissau 211
Anguilla 14 Colombia 108 Guyana 213
Antarctica 16 Comoros H Haiti 215
Antigua and Barbuda 18 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 113 Heard Island and McDonald Islands 217
Arctic Ocean 20 Congo, Republic of the 116 Holy See (Vatican City) 218
Argentina 21 Cook Islands 118 Honduras 219
Armenia 23 Coral Sea Islands 120 Hong Kong 222
Aruba 26 Costa Rica 120 Howland Island 224
Ashmore and Cartier Islands 27 Cote d'lvoire 123 Hungary 225
Atlantic Ocean 28 Croatia 125 I Iceland 227
Australia 29 Cuba 128 India 229
Austria 31 Cyprus 131 Indian Ocean 232
Azerbaijan 34 Czech Republic 134 Indonesia 233
B Bahamas, The 36 D Denmark 136 Iran 235
Bahrain 38 Djibouti 139 Iraq 238
Baker Island 40 Dominica 141 Ireland 240
Bangladesh 41 Dominican Republic 143 Israel (also see separate Gaza Strip 243
Barbados 43 E Ecuador 145 and West Bank entries)
Bassas da India 45 Egypt 147 Italy 245
Belarus 46 El Salvador 150 J Jamaica 248
Belgium 48 Equatorial Guinea 152 Jan Mayen 250
Belize 51 Eritrea 154 Japan 251
Benin 53 Estonia 157 Jarvis Island 254
Bermuda 55 Ethiopia 159 Jersey 254
Bhutan 57 Europa Island 162 Johnston Atoll 256
Bolivia 59 F Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 162 Jordan 257
Bosnia and Herzegovina 62 Faroe Islands 164 Juan de Nova Island 259
Botswana 65 Fiji 166 K Kazakhstan 260
Bouvet Island 67 Finland 168 Kenya 262
Brazil 67 France 171 Kingman Reef 265
British Indian Ocean Territory 70 French Guiana 174 Kiribati 265
British Virgin Islands 71 French Polynesia 176 Korea, North 267
Brunei 73 French Southern and Antarctic Lands 178 Korea, South 270
Bulgaria 75 G Gabon 179 Kuwait 272
Burkina Faso 77 Gambia, The 181 Kyrgyzstan 274
Burma 79 Gaza Strip 183 L Laos 277
Burundi 82 Georgia 185 Latvia 279
C Cambodia 84 Germany 187 Lebanon 281
Cameroon 86 Ghana 190 Lesotho 284
Canada 89 Gibraltar 192 Liberia 286
Cape Verde 91 Glorioso Islands 194 Libya 288
Cayman Islands 93 Greece 195 Liechtenstein 290
iii
Page Page Page
Lithuania 292 Peru 391 Trinidad and Tobago 496
Luxembourg 295 Philippines 394 Tromelin Island 498
M Macau 297 Pitcairn Islands 396 Tunisia 499
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav 299 Poland 398 Turkey 501
Republic of Portugal 400 Turkmenistan 504
Madagascar 301 Puerto Rico 403 Turks and Caicos Islands 506
Malawi 304 Q Qatar 405 Tuvalu 508
Malaysia 306 R Reunion 407 U Uganda 510
Maldives 308 Romania 409 Ukraine 512
Mali 310 Russia 412 United Arab Emirates 515
Malta 312 Rwanda 415 United Kingdom 517
Man, Isle of 314 S Saint Helena 418 United States 521
Marshall Islands 316 Saint Kitts and Nevis 419 Uruguay 524
Martinique 318 Saint Lucia 421 Uzbekistan 526
Mauritania 320 Saint Pierre and Miquelon 423 V Vanuatu 529
Mauritius 322 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 425 Venezuela 531
Mayotte 324 Samoa 427 Vietnam 533
Mexico 326 San Marino 429 Virgin Islands 536
Micronesia, Federated States of 329 Sao Tome and Principe 431 W Wake Island 537
Midway Islands 330 Saudi Arabia 433 Wallis and Futuna 538
Moldova 331
Monaco 33Senegal 435 West Bank 540
Mogla35Serbia and Montenegro 438 Western Sahara 542
Mongolirat3 Seychelles 441 World 544
Montserrat9 Sierra Leone 443 Y Yemen 545
Moroccou 34 Singapore 445 Z Zambia 548
Mozamibiau 342 Slovakia 447 Zimbabwe 550
N Namibia4 Slovenia 450 Taiwan 552
Nauu 46Solomon Islands 452
Navassa Island 348Soai45
Nepal 39South Africa 456
Netherlands 351 South Georgia and the South 459
Netherlands Antilles 354 Sandwich Islands
New Caledonia 356 Southern Ocean 460
New Zealand 358 Spain 461
Nicaragua 360 Spratly Islands 464
Niger 363 Sri Lanka 465
Nigeria 365 Sudan 467
Niue 367 Suriname 470
Norfolk Island 369 Svalbard 472
Northern Mariana Islands 370 Swaziland 473
Norway 372 Sweden 475
0 Oman 375 Switzerland 478
P Pacific Ocean 377 Syria 480
Pakistan 378 T Taiwan entry follows Zimbabwe
Palau 380 Tajikistan 483
Palmyra Atoll 382 Tanzania 485
Panama 383 Thailand 488
Papua New Guinea 386 Togo 491
Paracel Islands 388 Tokelau 493
Paraguay 389 Tonga 494
IV
Page
Appendixes A: Abbreviations 555
B: United Nations System 564
C: International Organizations and Groups 565
0: Selected International Environmental Agreements 617
E: Weights and Measures 625
F: Cross-Reference List of Country Data Codes 638
G: Cross-Reference List of Hydrographic Data Codes 646
H: Cross-Reference List of Geographic Names 651
Reference Maps Af rica
Antarctic Region
Arctic Region
Asia
Central Africa
Central America and the Caribbean
Central Balkan Region
Commonwealth of Independent States
Europe
Kosovo
Middle East
North America
Oceania
Physical Map of the World
Political Map of the World
South America
Southeast Asia
Standard Time Zones of the World
United States
v
Notes and Definitions
Ina ddition to the updating of information, the following changes have been made
in this edition of The World Factbook. There isa new 'country profile' on the
Southern Ocean. The name Wake Atoll has been officially changed back to Wake
Island. There are new entries on Internet Service Providers (ISPs),
Telephones -main lines in use, and Telephones -mobile cellular. The
Background entry, which was introduced int he 1999 edition, has now been
completed for over 200 countries. The terms and abbreviations used int he
Environment -current issues entry are now explained in the Notes and
Definitions section of the prefatory material.
Abbreviations: This information isi ncluded inA ppendix A: Abbreviations,
which includes all abbreviations and acronyms used int he Factbook, with their
expansions.
Administrative divisions: This entry generally gives the numbers, designatory
terms, and first-order administrative divisions as approved by the US Board on
Geographic Names (BG N). Changes that have been reported but not yet acted on
by BGN are noted.
Age structure: This entry provides the distribution of the population according to
age. Information isi ncluded by sex and age group (0-14 ye ars, 15-64 years, 65
years and over). The age structure of a population affects a nation's key
socioeconomic issues. Countries with young populations (high percentage under
age 15) need to invest more in schools, while countries with older populations
(high percentage ages 65 and over) need to invest more int he health sector. The
age structure can also be used to help predict potential political issues. For
example, the rapid growth of a young adult population unable to find employment
can lead to unrest.
Agriculture -products: This entry isa rank ordering of major crops and products
starting with the most important.
Airports: This entry gives the total number of airports. The runway(s) may be
paved (concrete or asphalt surfaces) or unpaved (grass, dirt, sand, or gravel
surfaces), but must be usable. Not all airports have facilities for refueling,
maintenance, or air traffic control.
Airports -with paved runways: This entry gives the total number of airports with
paved runways (concrete or asphalt surfaces). For airports with more than one
runway, only the longest runway isi ncluded according to the following five groups -
(1)o ver 3,047 m,( 2)2 ,438 to 3,047 m,( 3)1 ,524 to 2,437 m,( 4)9 14 to 1,523 m,
and (5)u nder 914 m.O nly airports with usable runways are included int his listing.
Not all airports have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control.
Airports -with unpaved runways: This entry gives the total number of airports
with unpaved runways (grass, dirt, sand, or gravel surfaces). For airports with
more than one runway, only the longest runway is included according to the
following five groups -(1)o ver 3,047 m,( 2)2 ,438 to 3,047 m,( 3)1 ,524 to 2,437
m,( 4)9 14 to 1,523 m,a nd (5)u nder 914 m.O nly airports with usable runways are
included int his listing. Not all airports have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or
air traffic control.
Appendixes: This section includes Factbook-related material by topic.
Area: This entry includes three subfields. Total area ist he sum of all land and
water areas delimited by international boundaries and/or coastlines. Land area is
the aggregate of all surfaces delimited by international boundaries and/or
vii
Notes and Definitions (continued)
coastlines, excluding inland water bodies (lakes, reservoirs, rivers). Water area is
the sum of all water surfaces delimited by international boundaries and/or
coastlines, including inland water bodies (lakes, reservoirs, rivers).
Area -comparative: This entry provides an area comparison based on total area
equivalents. Most entities are compared with the entire US or one of the 50 states
based on area measurements (1990 revised) provided by the US Bureau of the
Census. The smaller entities are compared with Washington, DC (178 sq kin, 69
sq mi) or The Mall inW ashington, DC (0.59 sq kin, 0.23 sq ml, 146 acres).
Background: This entry usually highlights major historic events and current
issues and may include a statement about one or two key future trends.
Birth rate: This entry gives the average annual number of births during ay ear per
1,000 persons int he population at midyear; also known as crude birth rate. The
birth rate isu sually the dominant factor ind etermining the rate of population
growth. It depends on both the level of fertility and the age structure of the
population.
Budget: This entry includes revenues, total expenditures, and capital
expenditures. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in
purchasing power parity (PPP) terms.
Capital: This entry gives the location of the seat of government.
Climate: This entry includes a brief description of typical weather regimes
throughout the year.
Coastline: This entry gives the total length of the boundary between the land area
(including islands) and the sea.
Communications: This category deals with the means of exchanging information
and includes the telephone, radio, television, and Internet service provider entries.
Communications -note: This entry includes miscellaneous communications
information of significance not included elsewhere.
Constitution: This entry includes the dates of adoption, revisions, and major
amendments.
Country map: Most versions of the Factbook provide a country map inc olor. The
maps were produced from the best information available at the time of preparation.
Names and/or boundaries may have changed subsequently.
Country name: This entry includes all forms of the country's name approved by
the US Board on Geographic Names (Italy isu sed as an example): conventional
long form (Italian Republic), conventional short form (Italy), local long form
(Repubblica Italiana), local short form (Italia), former (Kingdom of Italy), as well as
the abbreviation. Also see the Terminology note.
Currency: This entry identifies the national medium of exchange and its basic
subunit.
Data code: This entry gives the official US Government digraph that precisely
identifies every land entity without overlap, duplication, or omission. AF, for
example, ist he data code for Afghanistan. This two-letter country code isa
standardized geopolitical data element promulgated in the Federal Information
Processing Standards Publication (FIPS) 10-4 by the National Institute of
viii
Notes and Definitions (continued)
Standards and Technology at the US Department of Commerce and maintained
by the Office of the Geographer and Global Issues at the US Department of State.
The data code is used to eliminate confusion and incompatibility in the collection,
processing, and dissemination of area-specific data and is particularly useful for
interchanging data between databases. Appendix F cross-references various
country data codes and Appendix Gc ross-references various hydrographic data
codes.
Data codes -country: This information is presented in Appendix F:
Cross-Reference List of Country Data Codes which includes the US
Government approved Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) codes,
the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) codes, and Internet codes
for land entities.
Data codes -hydrographic: This information is presented in Appendix G:
Cross-Reference List of Hydrographic Data Codes which includes the
International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) codes, Aeronautical Chart and
Information Center (ACIC; now a part of the National Imagery and Mapping
Agency or NIMA) codes, and Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) codes for
hydrographic entities. The US Government has not yet approved a standard for
hydrographic data codes similar to the FIPS 10-4 standard for country data codes.
Date of information: Ing eneral, information available as of 1 January 2000, was
used int he preparation of this edition.
Death rate: This entry gives the average annual number of deaths during a year
per 1,000 population at midyear; also known as crude death rate. The death rate,
while only a rough indicator of the mortality situation ina country, accurately
indicates the current mortality impact on population growth. This indicator is
significantly affected by age distribution, and most countries will eventually show
a rise in the overall death rate, in spite of continued decline inm ortality at all ages,
as declining fertility results in an aging population.
Debt -external: This entry gives the total amount of public foreign financial
obligations.
Dependency status: This entry describes the formal relationship between a
particular nonindependent entity and an independent state.
Dependent areas: This entry contains an alphabetical listing of all
nonindependent entities associated ins ome way with a particular independent
state.
Diplomatic representation: The US Government has diplomatic relations with
184 independent states, including 181 of the 188 UN members (excluded UN
members are Bhutan, Cuba, Iran, Iraq, North Korea, former Yugoslavia, and the
US itself). In addition, the US has diplomatic relations with 3 independent states
that are not int he UN -Holy See, Switzerland, and Tuvalu.
Diplomatic representation from the US: This entry includes the chief of mission,
embassy address, mailinga ddress,t elephone number, FAXnumber, branch office
locations, consulate general locations, and consulate locations.
Diplomatic representation in the US: This entry includes the chief of the foreign
mission, chancery address, telephone number, FAX number, consulate general
locations, consulate locations, honoraryc onsulate generall ocations, and
honoraryc onsulate locations.
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