DTIC ADA252201: Technical Standards for Command and Control Information Systems (CCISs)

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by  Defense Technical Information Center

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Cc, 3 15 of3,7coples
/A--A252 201
IDA PAPER P-2686
ATCCIS WORKING PAPER 25
TECHNICAL STANDARDS FOR COMMAND AND CONTROL
INFORMATION SYSTEMS (CCISs)
DTIC
EDITION 3
I ELECTE-
JUN 16 1992"
T. F.,Maggelet, ProjectL eader
RP. Walker, PrincipalA uthor
January 1992
This document has been approved
for public release and sale; its
distribution is unlimite..,
Preparedf or
Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (C3I)
(Theater and Tactical Command, Control and Communications)
:and 4
Office of the Director of Information Systems for C
Headquarters, Department of the Army
92-15376
i Ii
-Pubrei.cI . dlt-r/uIbnu-lil.omni d1 20IAfiI llll
92 6 12 03:6
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January 1992 Final
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS
ATCCIS WORKING PAPER 25, TECHNICAL STANDARDS FOR COMMAND
AND CONTROL INFORMATION SYSTEMS (CCISs), EDITION 3 MDA 903 89-C-0003
6. AUTHOR(S) T-Jl-246
Robert P. Walker, Theodore F. Maggelet, Kevin J. Saeger, Sarah H. Nash,
David A. Arthur
7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION
REPORT NUMBER
INSTITUTE FOR DEFENSE ANALYSES
1801 N. Beauregard Street IDA PAPER P-2686
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9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORING/MONITORING
ASD (C31) Director, FFRDC Programs AGENCY REPORT NUMBER
Room 3D174, The Pentagon 1801 N. Beauregard Street
Washington, DC 20301 Alexandria, VA 22311
11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
12a. DISTRIBUTIOW/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE
Public release/unlimited distribution (20 April 1992)
13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)
This paper is a reprint of a document prepared by IDA in support of the SHAPE-sponsored Army Tactical
Command and Control Information System (ATCCIS) Phase III study effort for the year 2000 and beyond. The
focus of the paper Is on technical standards to support interoperability of command and control information
systems (CCISs). The status of open commerical standards for eight service areas (as defined by the CIM
Reference Model) is described using, where possible, generic CCIS requirements. This document is a major
revision of Edition 2 (August 1990) and Incorporates work conducted by IDA for the WWMCCS ADP
Modernization program's generic architecture (IDA Paper P-2457, A Survey ot Technical Standards for CCISs,
September 1991).
This paper describes a methodology, using interoperability parameters, for identifying the technical
standards that will be required to support implementation of the ATCCIS architecture and for assessing the
degree to which existing and emerging international standards support ATCCIS requirements. Profiles of
standards reflecting agreements on interoperability parameters are described. In addition, the report
summarizes a wide range of US DoD architectures and reference models and provides examples of the use
of commercial open standards in current and emerging CCISs.
14. SUBJECT TERMS 15. NUMBER OF PAGES
Army, Tactical Command and Control, Interoperability, NATO, SHAPE, Open
Systems, Open Systems Interconnection (OSI), Portability, Standards, Profiles, 733
GOSIP, Stacks, Options, Assessment, Data Communications, Data
Transmission, Architectures, Reference Models, Data Management, Network
Services, Operating System Interfaces, Security and Management Services,
Data Interchange Formats, User Interfaces, Graphics, Programming Services,
Application Interfaces. 16. PRICE CODE
17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT
OF REPORT OF THIS PAGE OF ABSTRACT
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NSN 7540-01-280-5500 Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89)
Prescribed by ANSI Sid. Z39-18
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IDA PAPER P-2686
ATCCIS WORKING PAPER 25
TECHNICAL STANDARDS FOR COMMAND AND CONTROL
INFORMATION SYSTEMS (CCISs)
EDITION 3
T. F. Maggelet. Project Leader
R. P. Walker. PrincipalA uthor
K. J. Saeger Acces-ion For
S. H. Nash
D. A. Arthur N1Is CRA& NJ
D;Ci A8
-'
U jii;Ou" :.dj
J"Atificatiul ....... ..
By ................. ...........
Dist ib .io
Dist
';IC ioii
January 1992 . ..
Public releasetunlimited distribution (20 April 1992).
DA
I
INSTITUTE FOR DEFENSE ANALYSES
Contract MDA 903 89 C 0003
Task T-J 1-246
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FOREWORD
The purpose of this paper is to make available substantive work done in
response to a major interactive technical support activity. Specifically, this paper is a
reprint of a working paper prepared1 by the Institute for Defense Analyses (IDA) in
support of the Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE)-sponsored
Army Tactical Command and Control Information System (ATCCIS) Phase III study
effort. The contents of this document were developed and agreed to in the international
ATCCIS forum. Comments from NATO and National Commands and Agencies were
solicited and have been incorporated into this update of ATCCIS Working Paper 25
(WP25). In January 1992, the Working Paper was reviewed and approved by a panel
of field-grade officers representing SHAPE, Allied Forces Central Europe (AFCENT),
France, Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
SHAPE has distributed this paper to all NATO nations and to those NATO commands
and agencies that have expressed an interest in the ATCCIS study. Background
information relating to the overall ATCCIS effort is contained in the Preface to this
paper. It should be noted that Oxford English spelling conventions are used throughout
the report in accordance with standing NATO guidelines.
This Third Edition of WP25 is a major revision of a previous edition provided
in August 1990. The focus remains the identification of open standards that could be
used to achieve interoperability of command and control information systems (CCISs).
WP25 (Third Edition) has had significant contributions from the Services, Defense
Information Systems Agency (DISA), Joint Interoperability and Engineering Office
(JIEO), and other organizations. In particular, it is the result of close coordination at
IDA between support for ATCCIS and support (directed by Mr. James Robinette,
DISA) for the WAM Target Architecture and applicable standards. The September
1991 version of IDA Paper P-2457, A Survey of Technical Standardsf or Command
and ControlI nformation Systems, incorporated (with substantial enhancements) almost
all of the Second Edition (August 1990) of WP25, and in turn, the Third Edition of
WP25 incorporates (with substantial enhancements) almost all of P-2457.
WP25 (Third Edition) has added new sections on ATCCIS (including a
summary of the Phase II findings and the ATCCIS architecture), architectures and
This document was prepared in response to a request from the Office of the Assistant Secretary of
Defense (C31), Theater and Tactical Command, Control, and Communications under Contract
MDA 903 89 C-003, Task Order T-J1-246.
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reference models in use in NATO and the United States, initiatives in the Nations
(primarily the United States) to use open architectures and standards in CCISs, and
profiles of open standards in example CCISs. The organization of the document (into
eight service areas) is based on the Corporate Information Management (CIM)
Reference Model. The document places increased emphasis on the use of profiles to
achieve interoperability.
The Office of the Director of Information Systems for Command, Control,
Communications and Computers (ODISC4), Headquarters Department of the Army,
provides the U.S. delegate to the ATCCIS Permanent Working Group, which consists
of military, technical, and analytical representatives from France, Germany, the United
Kingdom, the United States, SHAPE, AFCENT, and SHAPE Technical Centre. The
Command and Control Division, U.S. Army Combined Arms Command, provides
military expertise; the U.S. Army Communications-Electronics Command and IDA
provide technical expertise; and IDA provides analytical expertise in support of the
U.S. contributions to the overall ATCCIS effort. ODISC4 also furnishes the U.S. S
delegate to the ATCCIS Steering Group, which provides overall direction and approval
of the ATCCIS PWG work effort and includes representatives from the PWG Nations
and Commands, plus Belgium, Canada, and the Netherlands, with additional
representation (observers) from the Allied Data Systems Interoperability Agency
(ADSIA), the NATO Communications and Information Systems Agency (NACISA),
and the Tri-Service Group for Communications and Electronics (TSGCE). Further
details concerning the ATCCIS Phase III effort can be found in the ATCCIS Project
Brief and Work Plan.2
This document should be of primary interest to the combat development and
system development communities of those U.S. Commands and Agencies whose focus
is on longer term command and control requirements (i.e., the year 2000 and beyond).
The authors would like to acknowledge the following persons for contributions 0
that are contained in Appendix C and provide examples of military initiatives to use
open standards: Major Michael Mascarenas (USMC), Mr. Joseph Onufer (US Army
CECOM), Mr. Henry Saphow (OPM FATDS, US Army), Mr. Stan Levine (OPM
CHS, US Army), and Ms. Judy Simpson (LOGICON/Eagle Technologies).
2 See IDA Paper P-2673, ATCCIS Phase III Project Brief and Work Plan, December 1991,
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PREFACE
1. In 1978, NATO's Long Term Defense Plan (LTDP) Task Force on Command
and Control (C2) recommended that an analysis be undertaken to determine if the future
tactical Automatic Data Processing (ADP) requirements of the Nations, including that of
interoperability, could be obtained at a significantly reduced cost when compared with the
approach that has been adopted in the past. The Task Force also recommended that the
aalysis should determine whether tactical ADP systems could be developed according to
technical standards prescribed by NATO and agreed upon by the Nations.
2. In early 1980 the then Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Europe initiated a
study to investigate the possibilities of implementing the Task Force's recommendations.
Three Nations, those with experience in fielding automated tactical command and control
information systems, participated in Phase I of the study, with Supreme Headquarters
Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) as leader and coordinator. The study group reported, at
the end of Phase I, that the Nations could increase interoperability and potentially reduce
costs by using a common development approach.
3. The Army Tactical Command and Control Information System (ATCCIS)
Phase II study, under the direction of a steering group chaired by SHAPE and consisting of
representatives from the Central Region (CR) Nations and Allied Forces Central Europe
(AFCENT), was established in 1984. Concurrently, a permanent working group (PWG)
was formed, which consisted of military, technical, and analytical representatives from
France, Germany, the United Kingdom, the United States, SHAPE and AFCENT, and
technical support from SHAPE Technical Centre (STC) to progress the Phase II effort.
The Phase II study effort commenced in January 1985 and finished in October 1990; it
recommended that all NATO Nations, as well as the Allied Command Europe (ACE)
Northern and Southern Regions, be invited to participate in a Phase M (Implementation)
effort.
4. ATCCIS Phase III, sponsored by SHAPE, commenced in January 1992. The
work of the PWG Operational Subgroup will support the Military Agency for
Standardization (MAS) initiative to modernize critical C2-related STANAGs; the PWG
Technical Subgroup will work in coordination with the Tri-Service Group on
Communications and Electronics (TSGCE).
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CONTENTS
FOREWORD ......................................................................................... iii
PREFACE ........................................................................................ v
LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................... xxi
LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................ xxiii
TECHNICAL STANDARDS FOR CCISs ....................................................... 1
1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................. 1
1.1 D erivation ................................................................................ 1
1.2 P urpose .................................................................................. 1
1.3 Scope ................................................................................... 2
1.4 Information Sources ................................................................. 2
1.5 Methodology .......................................................................... 3
1.5.1 Identifying Standard Services Required for Basic and Enhanced
Interoperability ........................................................... 3
1.5.2 Identifying Base Standards ............................................. 4
1.5.3 Assuring Coverage by Standards ...................................... 5
1.6 Structure of the Paper ............................................................... 6
2. BACKGROUND ON THE ATCCIS ARCHITECTURE ............................... 9
2.1 Background for ATCCIS ............................................................ 9
2.1.1 ATCCIS Phase I and Phase II (1984-1990) ................. 9
2.1.2 ATCCIS Objectives ...................................................... 9
2.1.3 ATCCIS Phase II Findings ........................................... 11
2.1.4 ATCCIS Method of Work for Technical Analyses .................. 13
2.2 Fundamental Concepts of the ATCCIS Architecture ........................... 14
2.2.1 Information Exchange .................................................. 14
2.2.2 Information Models .................................................... 15
2.2.3 Information Transfer ..................................................... 16
2.2.4 Transaction Processing .................................................... 16
2.2.5 Support for Applications .............................................. 16
2.2.6 Support for Human-Computer Interfaces (HCIs) ................... 17
2.2.7 Information Exchange With Nonconformant Systems ............ 17
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2.3 Overview of the Architecture ......................................................... 17
2.4 ATCCIS Facilities ................................................................... 18
2.4.1 Basic and Application-Level Facilities ................................ 18
2.4.2 Other Facilities .......................................................... 19
2.4.3 Facilities and Operational Activities .................................. 19
2.4.4 Interaction Between Facilities ............................................. 20
020
2.5 Ensembles and Components .....................................................
2.5.1 Basic Ensemble .......................................................... 20
2.5.2 Interaction Between Ensembles ...................................... 20
2.5.3 Components and Their Relationship to Ensembles ................. 21
2.5.4 ATCCIS-Conformant Systems ........................................... 22 0
2.5.5 System Management .................................................... 23
2.6 The Four Basic Facilities ............................................................. 23
2.6.1 Data Management Facility (DMF) .................................... 23
2.6.2 Transfer Facility (TF) ................................................... 25 •
2.6.3 Service Control Facility (SCF) ....................................... 25
2.6.4 System Management Facility (SMF) .................................. 26
2.7 Application-Level Facilities ....................................................... 26
2.8 Other Facilities ......................................................................... 26 0
2.8.1 MMI Service Facility (MSF) .......................... 26
2.8.2 Non-ATCCIS Input/Output Facilities (IOFs) ....................... 26
3. STANDARDIZATION PROCESS IN RELATION TO CCISs ......................... 29
3.1 Role of Interoperability in Future C2 Processes ................................ 29
3.2 Services Requiring Standardization for CCISs ................................ 29
3.3 Using Standards and Profiles to Specify Open Aspects of CCISs .............. 31
3.4 Overview of the Standards in the Eight Service Areas ......................... 32
3.5 Limitations on the Role of Standards ................................................ 32 0
3.6 Overview of the Standards Development Process .............................. 33
3.6.1 Role of Standards ...................................................... 34
3.6.2 Standards Organizations ............................................... 35
3.6.3 Organizations Producing Standardized Profiles ..................... 39 S
3.7 Proposed Definitions for Terms Used in Standardization and CCIS
Architectures ........................................................................ 40
3.8 Assessments of Standards ........................................................ 40
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