Table Of Content

Health Reference Series ___________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________ Omnigraphics’ Health Reference Series ______________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __S_h_a_n_n_o__n__ ______________________ ___________________________________________T___h___i__r__d___ __E___d____i__t_i__o___n_____________________________________________ Helping the Layperson Understand, Manage, _________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________ and Avoid Serious Illness ______________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________ Omnigraphics’ Health Reference Series is designed for the general reader ____________________D________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ seeking guidance on how to avoid serious illness by following preventive __S____________________ ___________________D____________r______u__________g________ _____A__________b________u__________s______e___________________________ ___________ lifestyles and recognizing early warning signs. It also supports the layper- ____O________________r________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ son who has received a diagnosis of a serious disease or disorder as well as _________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ the family member or nonprofessional caregiver who must learn to care __U________u____________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________ and to cope with the illness. Each volume in the series deals comprehen- ______________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ siniv peluyb wliictaht iao pnasr itsicsuuleadr abrye tah oef Nmaetdioicnaall cIonnstcieturnte asn odf cHoenatlatihn sa nmda toetrhiaelr f aoguennd- _______RC____________________________g__________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________S___________________O________________________U________________________R______________________C_______________________E______________________B________________________O________________________O________________________K________________________________________________________________________________________ cies and associations. Nowhere else can general readers find this informa- __________ ____________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________ tion conveniently collected, coordinated, and indexed in book form. __E________A____________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___B______________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Drug Abuse Sourcebook, Third Edition __________b____________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___O______________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________u____________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, the costs of substance ______________________ ________________________________________________________■_____________________________________________________________ _O__________ abuse and addiction in the United States—including health expenses and ______________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ costs associated with crime—exceed half a trillion dollars annually. The ____K________________s________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ consequences affect people at all ages, beginning even before birth when __________e____________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________ infants are sometimes exposed to drugs in the womb. Furthermore, sub- ______________________ ___________________B___a__s__i_c__ _C___o__n___s_u___m___e__r__ _H___e__a___l_t_h__ __I_n___f_o__r__m___a___t_i_o__n___ _a___b__o__u__t____________________ ___________ ___________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ stance abuse can play a roll in family disintegration, school failure, loss of _________________________________ _____________t__h__e__ _A___b__u__s__e__ _o__f__ _C__o___c__a__i_n___e__,_ _C___l_u__b___ _D___r__u__g__s__,_ _H___a___l_l_u___c_i__n__o__g___e__n__s__,_____________ employment, and other societal concerns. Although treatments for addic- _________________________________ _______________H___e__r__o__i_n___,_ _I__n__h__a___l_a__n___t_s__,_ _M___a___r__i_j_u___a__n__a___,_ _a___n__d___ _O___t_h__e__r__ __I_l_l_i__c__i_t_______________ tion are available, they are used by fewer than 11% of those in need of ______________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ them, and while some prevention programs have proven successful, nearly _________________________________ ____________________S__u__b__s__t_a___n__c__e__s__,_ _P__r__e__s__c__r__i_p__t_i__o__n__ __M___e__d__i__c__a__t_i__o__n__s__,_ _a___n__d___ ___________________ ___________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8,000 individuals use an illicit drug for the first time each day in the United _________________________________ __________________________________O___v__e__r__-_t_h___e__-_C___o__u___n__t_e__r__ __M___e__d___i_c__i__n__e__s___________________________________ States. ______H__e__a__l__th________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________ ___________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Drug Abuse Sourcebook, Third Edition provides updated information about ______R___e___fe___r___e___n___c___e______ ________________________A__l_o___n__g__ _w___i__t_h__ __F_a___c__t_s__ _a__b___o__u__t__ _A__d___d__i_c__t__i_o__n__ __a__n___d_________________________ ___________ the abuse of illegal substances and the misuse of over-the-counter and ____________S____e____r____ie____s________________ __________________________________R____e____l__a______t__e____d______ __H______e____a____l____t__h____ __E______f__f__e____c____t__s____,__ __D______r____u______g____ __A____b____u______s__e______ __T____r____e____a____t__m________e____n____t__________________________________ prescription medications. If offers facts about the most commonly abused ______3___rd___ ___E___di___ti___o___n______ _____________a___n__d__ __R__e__c__o__v__e__r__y__,_ _D___r__u__g__ __T_e__s__t_i__n__g__,_ _P___r__e__v__e__n__t_i_o___n__ _P___r__o__g__r__a__m___s__,_____________ drugs and discusses the causes and consequences of addiction. Drug abuse ___________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________ treatment options are described, and obstacles to recovery are explained. _________________________________ ____________G___l_o__s__s__a__r__i_e__s__ _o__f_ __D__r__u___g__-_R__e__l__a__t_e__d___ _T__e__r__m___s__,_ _a__n___d__ __D__i__r__e__c_t__o__r__i_e__s_____________ ___________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ A section on drug abuse prevention discusses some of the strategies that _________________________________ ___________________________o__f_ __R__e__s__o__u__r__c__e__s__ _f_o__r__ __M___o__r__e__ _I__n__f_o__r__m____a__t_i__o__n____________________________ have been successful in helping people avoid drug-related problems. The ______________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________ book concludes with glossaries of drug-related terms and directories of ______________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ resources for additional help and information. _____O_____m_____n_____i_____g_____ra_____p_____h_____ic_____s_____ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________■________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ISBN 978-0-7808-1079-2 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________E__d__i_t__e__d__ _b___y__________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ P.O. Box 31-1640 Joyce Brennfleck Shannon Detroit, MI 48231 Phone: 800-234-1340 Fax: 800-875-1340 www.omnigraphics.com drug3-cover-PMS186.p65 1 2/16/2010, 5:14 PM _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 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_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________B__a__s_i_c_ _C__o_n__s_u__m___e_r_ _H__e__a_l_t_h__ _I_n_f_o__r_m___a__t_i_o_n__ _a__b_o__u__t_ t_h__e_ _A__b__u_s_e__ _o_f______________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________C__o__c_a__i_n__e_,_ _C__l_u__b_ _D__r__u__g_s_,_ _H__a__l_l_u__c_i_n__o__g_e_n__s_,_ _H__e__r_o__i_n__, _I_n__h__a__la__n__t_s_,_______________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________M___a__r_i_j_u_a__n__a__,_ a__n__d__ _O__t_h__e_r_ _I_l_l_i_c_i_t_ _S_u__b__s_t_a__n_c__e_s_,_ _P__r_e_s_c__r_i_p_t_i_o__n_________________________________ _______________________________________M___e_d__i_c_a__t_i_o_n__s_,_ _a__n__d_ _O___v_e__r_-_th__e__-C__o__u__n_t_e__r_ _M__e__d__i_c_i_n__e_s_____________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________A__l_o__n__g_ _w___i_t_h__ _F_a__c_t_s__ _a__b_o__u__t_ _A__d__d__i_c_t_i_o__n__ _a__n__d__ _R_e__l_a__t_e_d____________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________H__e__a_l_t_h__ _E__f_f_e_c__t_s_,_ _D__r_u__g__ _A__b_u__s_e__ _T_r__e_a__t_m___e_n__t_ _a__n__d__ _R_e__c_o__v__e_r_y__,______________________________ __________________________________D___r_u__g_ _T__e_s_t_i_n__g__, _P__r_e__v_e__n__t_i_o__n_ _P__r_o__g__r_a__m__s__, _G___l_o_s_s__a_r__i_e_s_ _o__f________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________D__r__u__g_-_R__e_l_a__t_e__d__ _T_e_r__m___s_,_ _a__n__d_ _D___i_r_e__c_t_o__r_i_e__s_ _o__f_ _R__e_s_o__u__r_c__e_s_________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________f_o__r_ _M___o_r__e_ _I_n__f_o__r_m___a__t_i_o_n_____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 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_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________E_d__i_t_e__d__ _b_y_____________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Joyce Brennfleck Shannon ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 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___________________________________________________P_.O__._ B__o_x_ _3_1_-_1_6__4_0_,_ D__e_t_r_o_i_t_, _M__I_ _4_8__2_3_1________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Bibliographic Note Because this page cannot legibly accommodate all the copyright notices, the Bibliographic Note portion of the Preface constitutes an extension of the copyright notice. Edited by Joyce Brennfleck Shannon Health Reference Series Karen Bellenir, Managing Editor David A. Cooke, MD, FACP, Medical Consultant Elizabeth Collins, Research and Permissions Coordinator Cherry Edwards, Permissions Assistant EdIndex, Services for Publishers, Indexers * * * Omnigraphics, Inc. Matthew P. Barbour, Senior Vice President Kevin M. Hayes, Operations Manager * * * Peter E. Ruffner, Publisher Copyright © 2010 Omnigraphics, Inc. ISBN 978-0-7808-1079-2 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Drug abuse sourcebook : basic consumer health information about the abuse of cocaine, club drugs, hallucinogens, heroin, inhalants, marijuana, and other illicit substances, prescription medications, and over-the-counter medicines ... / edited by Joyce Brennfleck Shannon. -- 3rd ed. p. cm. -- (Health reference series) Includes bibliographical references and index. Summary: "Provides basic consumer health information about the abuse of illegal drugs and misuse of prescription and over-the-counter medications, with facts about addiction, treatment, and recovery. Includes index, glossary of related terms and directory of resources"--Provided by publisher. ISBN 978-0-7808-1079-2 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Drug abuse--Prevention-- Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Drug abuse--Treatment--Handbooks, manuals, etc. 3. Drug addiction--Treatment--Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Shannon, Joyce Brennfleck. HV5801.D724 2010 362.29--dc22 2010000748 Electronic or mechanical reproduction, including photography, recording, or any other information storage and retrieval system for the purpose of resale is strictly prohibited without permission in writing from the publisher. The information in this publication was compiled from the sources cited and from other sources considered reliable. While every possible effort has been made to ensure reliabil- ity, the publisher will not assume liability for damages caused by inaccuracies in the data, and makes no warranty, express or implied, on the accuracy of the information contained herein. This book is printed on acid-free paper meeting the ANSI Z39.48 Standard. The infinity symbol that appears above indicates that the paper in this book meets that standard. Printed in the United States Table of Contents Visit www.healthreferenceseries.com to view A Contents Guide to the Health Reference Series, a listing of more than 15,000 topics and the volumes in which they are covered. Preface ...........................................................................................xiii Part I: Facts about Drug Abuse in the United States Chapter 1—Prevalence of Illicit Drug Use and Substance Abuse..................................................3 Chapter 2—Drug Abuse Cost to Society......................................11 Chapter 3—Deaths from Drug Overdoses...................................15 Chapter 4—The Controlled Substances Act................................21 Chapter 5—Purchasing Controlled Substances..........................29 Section 5.1—Prescriptions for Controlled Substances...................30 Section 5.2—Online Dispensing and Purchasing of Controlled Substances......................................33 Section 5.3—Facts about Medical Marijuana .......................................36 Chapter 6—Combat Methamphetamine Epidemic Act..............................................................41 Chapter 7—Initiation of Substance Use......................................45 v Chapter 8—Substance Abuse and Children..............................53 Section 8.1—Prenatal Exposure to Illicit Drugs and Alcohol .....................54 Section 8.2—Drug Endangered Children ......59 Chapter 9—Adolescents at Risk for Substance Use Disorders ..........................................................65 Chapter 10—Adolescent Drug Abuse...........................................73 Section 10.1—Teen Use of Illicit Drugs Is Declining.....................74 Section 10.2—Prescription and Over-the- Counter Drug Abuse..................75 Section 10.3—Impact of Nonmedical Stimulant Use............................80 Section 10.4—Teen Marijuana Use Worsens Depression ..................83 Chapter 11—Women, Girls, and Drugs.......................................87 Chapter 12—Minorities and Drugs..............................................93 Chapter 13—Substance Use in the Workplace...........................97 Chapter 14—Drug Use and Crime.............................................101 Chapter 15—Drugged Driving....................................................107 Part II: Drugs of Abuse Chapter 16—2C-I.........................................................................115 Chapter 17—Anabolic Steroids ..................................................119 Chapter 18—Blue Mystic............................................................123 Chapter 19—Buprenorphine ......................................................127 Chapter 20—BZP.........................................................................131 Chapter 21—Clenbuterol ............................................................135 Chapter 22—Cocaine and Crack Cocaine..................................139 Chapter 23—Dextromethorphan (DXM) ...................................145 Chapter 24—DMT........................................................................149 Chapter 25—Downers .................................................................153 vi Chapter 26—Ecstasy (MDMA) ...................................................155 Chapter 27—Fentanyl.................................................................161 Chapter 28—Foxy........................................................................165 Chapter 29—Gamma Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) ........................167 Chapter 30—Heroin.....................................................................171 Chapter 31—Human Growth Hormone.....................................177 Chapter 32—Kava .......................................................................181 Chapter 33—Ketamine................................................................185 Chapter 34—Khat........................................................................189 Chapter 35—Kratom ...................................................................193 Chapter 36—Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)......................197 Chapter 37—Marijuana, Hashish, and Hash Oil .....................201 Chapter 38—Methadone .............................................................207 Chapter 39—Methamphetamine................................................213 Chapter 40—Oxycodone..............................................................217 Chapter 41—PCP.........................................................................221 Chapter 42—Ritalin and Other ADHD Medications: Methylphenidate and Amphetamines.................225 Chapter 43—Salvia Divinorum and Salvinorin A....................231 Chapter 44—Spirals ....................................................................235 Chapter 45—Toonies (Nexus).....................................................239 Part III: The Causes and Consequences of Drug Abuse and Addiction Chapter 46—Understanding Drug Abuse and Addiction ........245 Chapter 47—Factors That Impact Drug Abuse and Addiction ........................................................251 Chapter 48—How Drugs Affect the Brain.................................259 Chapter 49—Uses and Effects of Drugs That Are Abused ......263 vii Chapter 50—Misuse of Over-the-Counter Cough and Cold Medications ...........................................269 Chapter 51—Nonmedical Use and Abuse of Prescription Drugs......................................................................273 Section 51.1—Scientific Research on Prescription Drug Abuse.........274 Section 51.2—Pain Reliever Abuse................278 Section 51.3—Tranquilizer Abuse..................282 Section 51.4—Stimulant Abuse......................285 Section 51.5—Sedative Abuse ........................288 Chapter 52—Mixing Alcohol and Other Drugs.........................293 Section 52.1—Risk of Substance Dependence following Initial Use of Alcohol or Illicit Drugs..............................294 Section 52.2—Simultaneous Polydrug Use ...298 Section 52.3—Alcohol Abuse Makes Prescription Drug Abuse More Likely ..............................302 Chapter 53—Am I an Addict?.....................................................305 Chapter 54—Medical Consequences of Drug Addiction...........309 Chapter 55—Club Drugs’ Health Effects ..................................313 Chapter 56—Health Effects of Hallucinogens: Ecstasy, LSD, Peyote, Psilocybin, and PCP .......317 Chapter 57—Impact of Inhalants on the Brain and Health....323 Chapter 58—Adverse Health Effects of Marijuana Use ..........329 Chapter 59—Drug Abuse and Infectious Disease.....................333 Section 59.1—Link to Human Immun- odeficiency Virus (HIV)/ Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and Other Infectious Diseases..................334 Section 59.2—Syringe Exchange Programs ....337 Chapter 60—Comorbidity (Dual Diagnosis): Addiction and Other Mental Illnesses ................341 viii

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club drugs, hallucinogens, heroin, inhalants, marijuana, and other illicit substances, Drug addiction--Treatment--Handbooks, manuals, etc.

Drug Abuse Sourcebook, Third Edition PDF

634 Pages·2010·1.57 MB·English

by Joyce Brennfleck Shannon

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club drugs, hallucinogens, heroin, inhalants, marijuana, and other illicit substances, Drug addiction--Treatment--Handbooks, manuals, etc.

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Publication Year:	2010
Pages:	634
Language:	English
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