Drilling Manual. IADC (International Association of Drilling Contractors)

1463 Pages·23.135 MB·English

IADC Drilling Manual

eBook Version (V.11)

Copyright© 2000, International Association of Drilling Contractors
All Rights Reserved
In publishing this Manual, IADC makes no warranty or representation, expressed or
implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, usefulness, or fitness for purpose of
the information contained herein, or that the use of any information, method, process, or
apparatus disclosed in this report may not infringe on privately owned rights. IADC
assumes no liability with respect to the use of, or for damages resulting from the use of,
any information, method, process, or apparatus disclosed in this report.

The text of this publication, or any part thereof, may not be reproduced or transmitted in
any form by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording,
storage in an information retrieval system, or otherwise, without the prior, written approval
of IADC.

IADC Contact Information:

Office Address
15810 Park Ten Place, Suite 242
Houston, TX 77084-5139 USA

Mailing Address
P.O. Box 4287
Houston, TX 77210-4287 USA

Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Email: [email protected]
Web: www.iadc.org

List Price: $595
Member Price: $495

©
Copyright 2000
All Rights Reserved by International Association of Drilling Contractors

The IADC Drilling Manual Published by Technical Toolboxes, Inc.

3801 Kirby Drive, Suite 340
Houston, Texas 77098
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Email: [email protected]
Web: www.ttoolboxes.com
Acknowledgements

The 1991 Drilling Technology Committee of IADC, chaired by W.M. “Sonny” Rogers,
authorized the preparation of the eleventh edition of this manual. This edition is the
eBook version of the entire eleventh edition. This version is fully searchable and has new
color graphics and photographs.

Jay Norton, Chairman of the Drilling Manual Subcommittee and many of the Industry’s
most knowledgeable people have reviewed, rewritten, and added chapters for the benefit
of the user. Their time, effort, and dedication, in spite of difficult economic times for the
industry, is greatly appreciated.

The Association would again like to express its appreciation to the many contributors to
previous editions. Without their early interest, the manual would not have evolved to its
present status.

The following people served on the 1991-92 Rewrite Subcommittee and as Chairman for
the Chapter rewrite task groups:

John Altermann Reading and Bates
Robert Bennett Millpark Drilling Fluids
Bill Bingham MH Koomey
Sonny Cain SWACO
Jerry Cerkovnik Hughes Christiansen
Otis Danielson Consultant
John Gieck Baker Hughes
Bill Halliday Millpard Drilling Fluids
Bruce Harwell DI Industries
Larry Jones Consultant
Jay Norton Norton Drilling
Paul O’Connor O’Connor and Young Drilling
Chuck Rayburn Grasso Oil Services
Chris Reinsvold Hughes Christiansen
W.M. “Sonny” Rogers Tuboscope
Jim Senger Security Dresser
Jim Sikes Sonat Offshore
Jack Smith Baker Hughes
Tom Smith Tom Smith Consulting
Mickey Thomas Halliburton Services
Jim West PETEX
Wayne Wilson Tuboscope

Special Acknowledgement for the eBook version

Special thanks are due to Hal Kendall of Noble Drilling Corporation for providing many of
the enhanced graphics and illustrations used in this electronic version of the 11th Edition
of the "IADC Drilling Manual".
This Page Left Intentionally Blank
Table of Contents
Table of Contents - IADC Drilling Manual
Chapter A - Bit Classification and Grading..................A-1
A-1 First Revision To The IADC Fixed Cutter Dull Grading System..........................................................A-7
Contributors.......................................................................................................................................A-7
Summary............................................................................................................................................A-7
Abstract.............................................................................................................................................A-7
Introduction........................................................................................................................................A-7
System Enhancements.........................................................................................................................A-7
Application Of Dull Grading System....................................................................................................A-9
Conclusion .......................................................................................................................................A-14
References .......................................................................................................................................A-14
Acknowledgements ..........................................................................................................................A-14
A2 - IADC Fixed Cutter Classification System........................................................................................A-16
Development Of A New IADC Fixed Cutter Drill Bit Classification System.......................................A-16
Contributors.....................................................................................................................................A-16
Abstract...........................................................................................................................................A-16
Introduction......................................................................................................................................A-16
Background......................................................................................................................................A-17
Proposed System .............................................................................................................................A-20
Conclusions......................................................................................................................................A-28
References .......................................................................................................................................A-28
Acknowledgements ..........................................................................................................................A-28
A3 - The IADC Roller Bit Classification System......................................................................................A-29
Summary..........................................................................................................................................A-29
Series And Type...............................................................................................................................A-33
Characters 1 And 2..........................................................................................................................A-33
Cutting Action ..................................................................................................................................A-33
Tooth Count And Geometry..............................................................................................................A-34
Insert Shape Comparison..................................................................................................................A-34
Cone Design And Orientation ...........................................................................................................A-34
Cutting Structure Metallurgy..............................................................................................................A-35
Bearing/Gage Design Configuration (Character 3)..............................................................................A-35
Features Available (Optional 4th Character) ......................................................................................A-37
A4 - IADC Roller Bit Dull Bit Grading System........................................................................................A-60
Description of the IADC Roller Bit Dull Bit Grading System ..............................................................A-60
A4. IADC Roller Bit Dull Grading System.........................................................................................A-60
Discussion Of Dulling Characteristics.................................................................................................A-66
BC (Broken Cone) or BF (Bond Failure) - (Fig. A4-3).....................................................................A-67
BT (Broken Teeth) - (Fig. A4-4) ......................................................................................................A-68
BU (Balled Up) - (Fig. A4-5) ...........................................................................................................A-69
CC (Crocked Cone) - (Fig. A4-6) ...................................................................................................A-70
CD (Cone Dragged) - (Fig. A4-7)....................................................................................................A-71
CI (Cone Interference) - (Fig. A4- 8) ...............................................................................................A-72
International Association of Drilling Contractors 1
IADC Drilling Manual - Eleventh Edition
CR (Cored) - (Fig. A4-9).................................................................................................................A-73
CT (Chipped Teeth) - (Fig. A4-10) ..................................................................................................A-74
ER (Erosion) - (Fig. A4-11)..............................................................................................................A-75
FC (Flat Crested Wear) - (Fig. A4-12).............................................................................................A-76
HC (Heat Checking) - (Fig. A4-13)..................................................................................................A-77
JD (Junk Damage) - (Fig. A4-14).....................................................................................................A-78
LC (Lost Cone) - (Fig. A4-15).........................................................................................................A-79
LN (Lost Nozzle) - (Fig. A4-16)......................................................................................................A-80
LT (Lost Teeth) - (Fig. A4-17) .........................................................................................................A-81
OC (Off Center Wear) - (Fig. A4-18) ..............................................................................................A-82
PB (Pinched Bit) - (Fig. A4-19)........................................................................................................A-83
PN (Plugged Nozzle) - (Fig. A4-20).................................................................................................A-84
RG (Rounded Gage) - (Fig. A4-21)..................................................................................................A-85
SD (Shirttail Damage) - (Fig. A4-22)................................................................................................A-86
SS (Self Sharpening Wear) - (Fig. A4-23) ........................................................................................A-87
TR (Tracking) - (Fig. A4-24)............................................................................................................A-87
WO (Washed Out Bit) - (Fig. A4-25)...............................................................................................A-88
WT (Worn Teeth) (Fig. A4-26) ........................................................................................................A-89
NO (No Dull Characteristics) ...........................................................................................................A-89
Chapter B - Drill String ................................................... B-1
Preface...............................................................................................................................................B-5
B1. Drill String..........................................................................................................................................B-6
Introduction........................................................................................................................................B-6
I. Weld-on Tool Joints ........................................................................................................................B-6
B2. Steel Drill Pipe .................................................................................................................................B-45
B3. Tool Joints Care And Handling.........................................................................................................B-54
I. Cleaning and Inspection.................................................................................................................B-54
II. Picking Up the Drill String ............................................................................................................B-55
III. Thread Compounds....................................................................................................................B-58
IV. Breaking In New Tool Joints .......................................................................................................B-58
V. Tripping........................................................................................................................................B-59
VI. Laying Down Drill String.............................................................................................................B-67
VII. Damage and Failures -- Cause Prevention..................................................................................B-69
VIII. Repair of Tool Joints ................................................................................................................B-87
IX. Emergency Procedures ...............................................................................................................B-93
X. Transportation..............................................................................................................................B-94
XI. Storage ......................................................................................................................................B-95
XII. Floor Handling Procedures ........................................................................................................B-96
B4. Drill String Operating Limits............................................................................................................B-104
I. Fatigue and Lateral Forces caused by Dog Legs and Floating Vessels...........................................B-104
II. Fatigue Caused by Other Factors............................................................................................... B-115
III. Critical Rotary Speed................................................................................................................B-120
IV. Collapsed Pipe -- From Drill Stem Test and BOP Test...............................................................B-120
V. Transition from Drill String to Drill Collars ...................................................................................B-121
VI. Maximum Allowable Pull and Rotary Torque.............................................................................B-121
2 International Association of Drilling Contractors
Table of Contents
VII. Make up Torque versus Drilling Torque....................................................................................B-123
IX. Dynamic Loading of Drill Pipe during Tripping...........................................................................B-125
X. Biaxial Loading of Drill Pipe.......................................................................................................B-125
XI. Drill String Design.....................................................................................................................B-126
XII. References..............................................................................................................................B-126
B5. Drill String Corrosion .....................................................................................................................B-127
I. Introduction.................................................................................................................................B-127
Il. Corrosion...................................................................................................................................B-127
III. Sulfide Stress Cracking.............................................................................................................B-132
IV. Drilling Fluids Containing Oil......................................................................................................B-135
B6. Drill String Inspection And Classification.........................................................................................B-136
I. Purpose ......................................................................................................................................B-136
II. Drill String Marking and Identification .........................................................................................B-136
III. Drill Pipe And Tubing Work Strings...........................................................................................B-136
IV. Tool Joints ................................................................................................................................B-144
B7. Aluminum Drill String......................................................................................................................B-148
Introduction....................................................................................................................................B-148
II. Installation and Removal of Tool Joints........................................................................................B-148
III. Aluminum Drill Pipe ..................................................................................................................B-148
IV. Drill String Care and Handling ...................................................................................................B-150
V. Drill String Maintenance..............................................................................................................B-151
VI. Drill String Operating Limits ......................................................................................................B-151
B-8 Glossary Of Drill String Terms........................................................................................................B-154
Chapter C - Casing and Tubing ......................................C-1
I. Care And Use Of Casing.......................................................................................................................C-4
Introduction........................................................................................................................................C-4
I. Transportation .................................................................................................................................C-4
II. Preparation And Inspection Before Running....................................................................................C-4
III. Rig Equipment ..............................................................................................................................C-4
IV. Pre-running Preparations ...............................................................................................................C-5
V. Running Casing...............................................................................................................................C-6
VI. Causes Of Casing Troubles.........................................................................................................C-16
VII. Recovery Of Casing..................................................................................................................C-19
VIII. Reconditioning .........................................................................................................................C-20
IX. Field Welding Of Attachments On Casing....................................................................................C-20
II. Care And Use Of Tubing....................................................................................................................C-24
Introduction......................................................................................................................................C-24
I. Transportation ...............................................................................................................................C-24
II. Preparation And Inspection Before Running..................................................................................C-24
III. Rig Equipment ............................................................................................................................C-24
IV. Pre-running Preparations .............................................................................................................C-25
V. Running........................................................................................................................................C-26
VI. Pulling Tubing .............................................................................................................................C-36
VII. Causes Of Tubing Troubles........................................................................................................C-37
VIII Reconditioning ..........................................................................................................................C-37
International Association of Drilling Contractors 3
IADC Drilling Manual - Eleventh Edition
Chapter D - Drill Collars, Kellys, Subs and Heavy
Weight Drill Pipe...........................................................D-1
Preface...............................................................................................................................................D-3
D1. Drill Collars: Specifications & Usage ..................................................................................................D-4
I. Specifications ..................................................................................................................................D-4
D2. Drill Collars: Care And Maintenance ................................................................................................D-36
I. Recommended Drill Collar Care And Maintenance ........................................................................D-36
D3. Kellys: Specifications .......................................................................................................................D-59
I. Specifications ................................................................................................................................D-59
D4. Kellys: Care And Maintenance.........................................................................................................D-66
I. Care And Maintenance..................................................................................................................D-66
D5. Drill Stem Subs: Specifications .........................................................................................................D-71
I. Class And Type.............................................................................................................................D-71
II. Dimensions For Type A & B Subs................................................................................................D-77
III. Dimensions For Type C (Swivel) Subs ........................................................................................D-79
IV. Mechanical Properties Of Drill Stem Subs ...................................................................................D-79
V. Kelly Saver Subs..........................................................................................................................D-80
D6. Kelly Valves: Specifications..............................................................................................................D-81
I. Upper Kelly Cocks.......................................................................................................................D-81
II. Lower Kelly Cocks......................................................................................................................D-85
III. Automatic Mud Saver Valves ......................................................................................................D-87
IV. Kelly Saver Subs ........................................................................................................................D-87
D-7 Specifications Of Heavy Weight Drill Pipe........................................................................................D-88
Care and Maintenance of HWDP .....................................................................................................D-89
D8 - Glossary of Drill String Terms .........................................................................................................D-90
Chapter E - Pipe Handling Equiptment......................... E-1
E1. Pipe Handling Equipment.................................................................................................................... E-4
Introduction........................................................................................................................................ E-4
I. Specifications .................................................................................................................................. E-4
E2. Bushings And Slips............................................................................................................................. E-9
I. Specifications .................................................................................................................................. E-9
II. Care And Maintenance ................................................................................................................ E-13
E3. Elevators.......................................................................................................................................... E-23
I. Drill Pipe Elevators........................................................................................................................ E-23
II. Drill Collar Elevators .................................................................................................................... E-25
E4 - Drill Collar Slips and Safety Clamps................................................................................................ E-30
I. Drill Collar Slips ............................................................................................................................ E-30
II. Drill Collar Safety Clamps ............................................................................................................ E-30
E5. Elevator Links, Block, Hook And Swivel Specifications.................................................................... E-31
Chapter F - Drawworks Brakes ...................................... F-1
Introduction........................................................................................................................................ F-3
I. Maintenance Procedures ................................................................................................................. F-4
II. Brake Linings (Blocks)................................................................................................................... F-5
4 International Association of Drilling Contractors
Table of Contents
III. Brake Bands................................................................................................................................. F-5
IV. Brake Rims (Flanges).................................................................................................................... F-6
V. Brake Linkage.............................................................................................................................. F-20
VI. Company Policy ......................................................................................................................... F-20
Chapter G - Chains and Sprockets.................................G-1
G1. Construction and Specifications..........................................................................................................G-4
I. Roller Chain Construction And Types .............................................................................................. G-4
II. Sprockets. ................................................................................................................................... G-16
G2. Installation, Lubrication And Maintenance.........................................................................................G-22
I. Installation.....................................................................................................................................G-22
II. Lubrication...................................................................................................................................G-25
III Maintenance................................................................................................................................G-36
Roller Chain Drive Troubleshooting Guide .........................................................................................G-41
Chapter H - Rotary Hose and Swivels ...........................H-1
H1. Rotary Hose Specifications ................................................................................................................H-4
I. Introduction.....................................................................................................................................H-4
II. Specifications.................................................................................................................................H-4
H2. Rotary Hose Care And Maintenance..................................................................................................H-9
I. Recommended Dimensions............................................................................................................H-9
II. Care And Maintenance ................................................................................................................H-10
H3. Swivels Specifications ......................................................................................................................H-12
I. Swivel Pressure Testing .................................................................................................................H-12
II. Swivel Gooseneck Connection .....................................................................................................H-12
III. Swivel Subs................................................................................................................................H-13
H4. Inspection........................................................................................................................................H-14
I. Inspection .....................................................................................................................................H-14
Chapter I - Engines ............................................................ I-1
I. Engines - Care And Maintenance............................................................................................................ I-4
I. Installation........................................................................................................................................ I-4
II. Maintenance ................................................................................................................................... I-9
III. Operating Troubles And Their Causes - Diesel Engines................................................................. I-14
IV. Intake Vacuum vs Load................................................................................................................ I-18
Chapter J - Pumps .............................................................J-1
J-1 Introduction - Pumps ...........................................................................................................................J-4
J-2 Surface and Mud System................................................................................................................... J-13
I. Suction Mud System ...................................................................................................................... J-13
II. Discharge System.......................................................................................................................... J-17
III. Drilling Fluids And Their Effect On Expendable Pump Parts..........................................................J-18
J-3 Pump Parts, Theory and Function ......................................................................................................J-23
I. Pistons...........................................................................................................................................J-23
II. Duplex Piston Rods....................................................................................................................... J-25
III. Rod Lubricants ............................................................................................................................J-27
IV. Liner Packing...............................................................................................................................J-28
International Association of Drilling Contractors 5
IADC Drilling Manual - Eleventh Edition
J-4 Removal and Installation of Fluid Ends ...............................................................................................J-32
I. General - Removal and Installation of Fluid Ends.............................................................................J-32
II. Duplex Pump -- Disassembly ....................................................................................................... J-32
III. Duplex Pump-assembly............................................................................................................... J-37
IV. Duplex Pump -- Piston Assembly .................................................................................................J-46
V. Single Acting Pump -- Disassembly..............................................................................................J-54
VI. Single Acting Pump -- Assembly..................................................................................................J-56
VII. Single Acting Piston Assembly ....................................................................................................J-57
IX. Valve and Seat.............................................................................................................................J-64
J-5 Pump Problems, Failures and Analysis ...............................................................................................J-74
I. Priming and Starting Instructions .....................................................................................................J-74
II. Pistons and Liners......................................................................................................................... J-74
III. Fluid End Piston Rod and Packing................................................................................................J-77
IV. Valves and Seats .......................................................................................................................... J-78
V. Reducing Pump Volume................................................................................................................. J-79
VI. Centrifugal Pump Care and Maintenance......................................................................................J-80
VII. Checklists ..................................................................................................................................J-82
J6. Power End Maintenance ................................................................................................................... J-84
I. Pump Storage ................................................................................................................................J-90
J7. Preventive Maintenance...................................................................................................................... J-91
I. Planned Preventative Maintenance ..................................................................................................J-91
II. Establishing a Preventative Maintenance Program...........................................................................J-92
III. Advantages of programming:........................................................................................................ J-94
Chapter K - Well Control Equipment and Procedures
......................................................................................K-1
Disclaimer and Credits.......................................................................................................................K-3
K-1 Blowout Preventer Stack Equipment..................................................................................................K-5
I. Annular Type Blowout Preventer .....................................................................................................K-5
II. Ram Type Blowout Preventer.........................................................................................................K-6
III. Typical Bop Stack Arrangement And Testing Procedures For A Surface Stack............................K-11
IV. Inside Blowout Preventers...........................................................................................................K-36
V. Choke Manifold ..........................................................................................................................K-43
VI. Diverter Systems ........................................................................................................................K-46
K2. Blowout Preventer Control Systems.................................................................................................K-54
A. Surface Bop Stacks, (Land Rigs, Offshore Jackups, And Platforms) .............................................K-54
B. Subsea Bop Stacks......................................................................................................................K-61
C. Remote Operated Choke Controls...............................................................................................K-71
D. Diverter Control Systems .............................................................................................................K-73
E. Control Systems Typical Capacity And Performance Data / Calculations .......................................K-77
K3. Well Control Procedures..................................................................................................................K-92
Basic Principles ................................................................................................................................K-92
II. Pre-kill Procedures ......................................................................................................................K-93
III. Formation Pressure Integrity Information .....................................................................................K-96
IV. Kill Techniques............................................................................................................................K-99
K-4 Glossary of Well Control Terms.....................................................................................................K-108
6 International Association of Drilling Contractors