Drawing Architecture and the Urban

475 Pages·2016·30.39 MB·English

by  Sam Jacoby

Acknowledgments
This book developed from many discussions with students and colleagues on
why and how to analyse case studies and why this is relevant to design methods
and design research. Many of the included projects continuously re-emerged in
conversations on design.
I am grateful to all those who have contributed to the book, often in more than
one way. Without them, it would not have been possible. The direct and indirect
contributions included reviews of the book proposal, debates of case studies,
helping with the production of drawings, provision of essential drawing material,
analysis and sources, and permission to use drawings and images for
reproduction. I thank: Adrian Lahoud, Alvaro Arancibia Tagle, Aristide
Antonas, Charles Rice, Chen Shao, Christopher Lee, Cyan Jingru Cheng, Freda
Yuen, Gabriella Nunes Pinta Gama, Guillem Pons, Hillia Lee, Jie Zhu, Ji Yoon
Gu, Leonhard Clemens, Longning Qi, Marcin Ganczarski, Miao Yu, Monia De
Marchi, Naina Gupta, Qinhe Yi, Runze Zhang, Seokjae Song, Simon Goddard,
Shazia Ahmed, Tarsha Finney, Tianyi Shu, Ungers Archive for Architectural
Research (UAA), Valerio Massaro, Yana Petrova, Yang Sun, Yating Song, Yu-
Hsiang Hung and Yuwei Wang. The book would, of course, also not exist
without the unwitting contribution by the authors of the analysed projects and, as
I believe, their critical knowledge of precedents.
I am especially indebted to Sakiko Goto and her tremendous assistance in
researching the case studies and producing the drawings. Without her tireless
efforts, this book would not exist.
Thank you also to the editorial team Calver Lezama, Miriam Murphy and David
Sassian, but especially to Helen Castle at Wiley for supporting the book and
their patience.
The research was financially supported by the Architectural Research Fund from
the Bartlett School of Architecture, University College London.
Drawing
Architecture
and the Urban
Sam Jacoby
This edition first published 2016
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A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN 978-1-118-87940-5 (paperback)
ISBN 978-1-118-87947-4 (ebk)
ISBN 978-1-118-87949-8 (ebk)
ISBN 978-1-118-87950-4 (ebk)
Executive Commissioning Editor: Helen Castle
Project Editor: Miriam Murphy
Assistant Editor: Calver Lezama
Cover design, page design and layouts by Artmedia, London
Printed in Italy by Printer Trento Srl
Cover images ∐ Sam Jacoby with Sakiko Goto
For further content go to: www.wiley.com/go/drawingarchitecture
CONTENTS
Introduction
1 Conventions
Point, Line, Plane and Volume
Plan Conventions
Orthographic Projections (Elevation)
Cut-Away Views (Plan and Section)
Paraline Drawings
Perspective Drawings
Graphic Conventions
Line Weight, Style and Type
Line Weight
Hatching, Texture, Material and Shading
Colour
Drawing Scale and Paper Size
Annotation and Dimensioning
2 Architecture
Description
Context: Location Plan and Site Section
Building: Plan, Elevation and Section
Building: Axonometric and Perspective
Analysis
Context: Figure-Ground Plan
Context: Orientation
Building: Massing
Building: Structural Organisation
Building: Programme
Building: Circulation-to-Use
Building: Part-to-Whole
Building: Repetitive-to-Unique
Building: Geometrical Order
Building: Parti
Comparison
Free Plan vs Raumplan
Deconstruction of Whole to Parts
Vertical vs Horizontal (Collective Forms of Living)
Sectional Organisation
Landscape and Landform
Modularity
Comparative Matrices
Massing
Conceptual Organisation
Disposition
Distribution
Circulation
Difference
Growth
3 The Urban
Description
Urban Plan
Land Use
Density
Circulation (Transport)
Open Spaces
Infrastructures
Analysis
Figure-Ground Plan
Hierarchies and Organisation
Part-to-Whole and Repetitive-to-Unique
Built Environment
Phasing
Comparison
Block
Urban Plan
Enclave
Ground
Infrastructures
Comparative Matrices
Size
Distribution
Hierarchy and Layering
Difference
Growth
Architectural Types and Urban Morphology
4 Transformation
Typological Transformation
Timeline: Prison Architecture
Comparative Matrix: Parliament Buildings
Comparative Diagrams: Plenary Types in Parliament Buildings
Typological Transformation Diagrams
Transformative Matrix: Merged and Offset Types
Design Examples
Tokyo Podium
The City Campus
The Chinese Unit
CitÉ Housing
Drawing Acknowledgements and References
Index
EULA
List of Illustrations
Introduction
Alvaro Arancibia Tagle, Cité Housing in Santiago de Chile (AA
Projective Cities, 2013)
Figure 1: ‘Plate 1’ showing the comparative proportions of the five
architectural orders (Tuscan, Doric, Ionic, Corinthian and Composite) as
measured by the petit module, in Claude Perrault, Ordonnance des cinq
espèces de colonnes selon la méthode des anciens (Paris: Coignard,
1683)
Figure 2: ‘Les cinq Ordres d'Architecture dans une mème hauteur suivant
Vignole’ [The five Orders of architecture drawn at the same height after
Vignola], in Pierre Nativelle, Nouveau traité d'architecture (Paris:
Dupuis, 1729)
Figure 3 : ‘Plan des églises les plus remarquables bâties depuis l'an 326
jusqu'en 1764’ [Plans of the most remarkable churches built from 326 to
1764], in Julien-David Le Roy, Histoire de la disposition et des formes
différentes que les Chrétiens ont données á leurs temples depuis le règne
de Constantin le Grand jusqu'á nous (Paris: Desaint & Saillant, 1764
Figure 4: ‘Plate 1’ showing the parallel, formal development of the
temple type, in Julien-David Le Roy, Les Ruines des plus beaux
monuments de la Grèce, 2nd Edition (Paris: Delatour, 1770)
Figure 5: ‘Plate 20, Ensemble d'édifices, résultants de divisions du carré,
du parallélogramme et de leurs combinaisons avec le cercle’ [Building
ensembles, resulting from the divisions of the square, the parallelogram
and their combinations with the circle], in Jean-Nicolas-Louis Durand,
Précis des leçons d'architecture données á l'École Royale Polytechnique,
Volume 1 (Paris: the author, 1802)
Figure 6: ‘Plate 21, Marche á suivre dans la composition d'un projet
quelconque’ [Procedure to be followed in the composition of any
project], in Jean-Nicolas-Louis Durand, Précis des leçons d'architecture
données á l'École Royale Polytechnique, Volume 1 (Paris: the author,
1813 edition)
Figure 7: Sketch of morphological transformation of rectangular formal
elements. Oswald Mathias Ungers with Jürgen Sawade and Jonas Geist,
competition for student housing for the Technische Hogeschool Twente
in Enschede, Netherlands (1963). Courtesy of the Ungers Archiv für
Architekturwissenschaften
Figure 8: A panopticon and panorama based on the principles of Jeremy
Bentham's panopticon model (1791) and Robert Barker's panorama
building (1792). Drawn by Longning Qi and Qinhe Yi (2014).
Alvaro Arancibia Tagle, Cité Housing in Santiago de Chile (AA Projective
Cities, 2013)