Download Modern Indian History Tutorial (PDF Version)

291 Pages·2016·8.23 MB·English

by  Amit Raj

Indian History
About the Tutorial
History is a subject that gives the facts and perspectives of past events. In its
given premises, it includes a wide range of topics such geographical conditions
and human settlements, society and cultures; type of governance and
administrative systems; trade and economic policy; interstate relationships; wars
and battles, etc. in the time frame of Ancient, Medieval, and Modern.
So, History is one of the essential disciplines of Social Science to know the past
and design the future accordingly.
This tutorial is divided into different chapters and explains the concept of historical
facts in a given time frame-work.
Audience
This tutorial is designed exclusively for the students preparing for the different
competitive exams including civil services, banking, railway, eligibility test,
and all other competitive exams of such kind.
Prerequisites
This tutorial is entirely based on NCERT History Old Books (class 8th to 12th); all
the important points, concepts, and facts are filtered carefully; therefore, prior
knowledge of basic History or else having experience of reading NCERT History
books is essential to understand the topics.
Disclaimer & Copyright
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If you discover any errors on our website or in this tutorial, please notify us at
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1
Indian History
Table of Contents
About the Tutorial ................................................................................................................................... 1
Audience ................................................................................................................................................. 1
Prerequisites ........................................................................................................................................... 1
Disclaimer & Copyright ............................................................................................................................ 1
Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................... 2
DECLINE OF MUGHAL EMPIRE ........................................................................................... 12
BAHADUR SHAH I .............................................................................................................. 14
JAHANDAR SHAH ............................................................................................................... 16
FARRUKH SIYAR ................................................................................................................. 18
MUHAMMAD SHAH ........................................................................................................... 21
NADIR SHAH’S OUTBREAK ................................................................................................. 23
AHMED SHAH ABDALI ........................................................................................................ 25
CAUSES OF DECLINE OF MUGHAL EMPIRE ........................................................................ 27
Political Cause ....................................................................................................................................... 27
Religious Cause ..................................................................................................................................... 28
Wars of Succession & Civil Wars ............................................................................................................ 28
Foreign Invasion .................................................................................................................................... 30
SOUTH INDIAN STATES IN 18TH CENTURY .......................................................................... 31
Hyderabad and the Carnatic .................................................................................................................. 32
Mysore .................................................................................................................................................. 33
Kerala .................................................................................................................................................... 36
NORTH INDIAN STATES IN 18TH CENTURY .......................................................................... 38
Avadh .................................................................................................................................................... 38
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Indian History
The Rajput States .................................................................................................................................. 39
The Jats ................................................................................................................................................. 41
Bangash and Rohelas ............................................................................................................................ 41
The Sikhs ............................................................................................................................................... 42
Punjab ................................................................................................................................................... 44
Bengal ................................................................................................................................................... 45
MARATHA POWER ............................................................................................................. 47
Rise & Fall of Martha Empire ................................................................................................................. 47
Balaji Vishwanath.................................................................................................................................. 47
ECONOMIC CONDITIONS IN 18TH CENTURY ....................................................................... 53
Agriculture ............................................................................................................................................ 53
Trade ..................................................................................................................................................... 53
SOCIAL CONDITIONS IN 18TH CENTURY .............................................................................. 57
Hindu .................................................................................................................................................... 57
Muslim .................................................................................................................................................. 58
STATUS OF WOMEN .......................................................................................................... 59
ARTS AND PAINTINGS ........................................................................................................ 62
Literary Works ....................................................................................................................................... 63
SOCIAL LIFE........................................................................................................................ 64
Education .............................................................................................................................................. 64
THE BEGINNINGS OF EUROPEAN TRADE ........................................................................... 66
Trade Routes ......................................................................................................................................... 66
THE PORTUGUESE ............................................................................................................. 69
Decline of Portuguese ........................................................................................................................... 73
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Indian History
THE DUTCH ........................................................................................................................ 74
THE ENGLISH ..................................................................................................................... 76
EAST INDIA COMPANY (1600-1744) .................................................................................. 79
The Beginning and Growth of East India Company ................................................................................ 79
INTERNAL ORGANIZATION OF THE COMPANY ................................................................... 83
Company’s Factories in India ................................................................................................................. 85
ANGLO-FRENCH STRUGGLE IN SOUTH INDIA ..................................................................... 86
Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 86
Dupleix .................................................................................................................................................. 87
THE BRITISH CONQUEST OF INDIA ..................................................................................... 91
The British Occupation of Bengal .......................................................................................................... 91
Dual Administrative System in Bengal ................................................................................................... 92
MYSORE CONQUEST .......................................................................................................... 94
Haider Ali .............................................................................................................................................. 94
Tipu Sultan ............................................................................................................................................ 95
LORD WELLESLEY (1798-1805) .......................................................................................... 97
Administrative Plans of Wellesley ......................................................................................................... 97
Subsidiary Alliance ................................................................................................................................ 98
Chiefs of Maratha Empire .................................................................................................................... 100
LORD HASTINGS .............................................................................................................. 102
CONSOLIDATION OF BRITISH POWER .............................................................................. 106
Conquest of Sindh ............................................................................................................................... 106
Conquest of Punjab ............................................................................................................................. 106
LORD DALHOUSIE (1848-1856) ........................................................................................ 109
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Indian History
Doctrine of Lapse ................................................................................................................................ 109
BRITISH ADMINISTRATIVE POLICY .................................................................................... 112
The Structure of the Government ....................................................................................................... 112
The Regulating Act of 1773 .................................................................................................................. 113
Pitt’s India Act ..................................................................................................................................... 114
Charter Act of 1813 ............................................................................................................................. 115
Charter Act of 1833 ............................................................................................................................. 115
BRITISH ECONOMIC POLICIES .......................................................................................... 117
The Industrial Revolution (in Britain) .................................................................................................. 118
The Drain of Wealth ............................................................................................................................ 119
TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION ............................................................................... 120
Development of Railway ..................................................................................................................... 120
Postal & Telegraph System .................................................................................................................. 122
LAND REVENUE POLICY ................................................................................................... 123
The Permanent Settlement ................................................................................................................. 123
Ryotwari Settlement ........................................................................................................................... 125
Mahalwari System .............................................................................................................................. 126
ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE ......................................................................................... 127
Strength of British Administrative System ........................................................................................... 127
JUDICIAL ORGANIZATION ................................................................................................ 133
SOCIAL AND CULTURAL POLICY ....................................................................................... 137
Spread of Modern Education ............................................................................................................... 138
Weakness of Educational System ........................................................................................................ 140
SOCIAL AND CULTURAL AWAKENING .............................................................................. 141
Raja Ram Mohan Roy .......................................................................................................................... 141
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Indian History
Henry Vivian Derozio ........................................................................................................................... 144
Tatvabodhini Sabha............................................................................................................................. 145
Pandit Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar ...................................................................................................... 146
Jotiba Phule ........................................................................................................................................ 147
THE REVOLT OF 1857 ...................................................................................................... 149
Immediate Cause of Revolt ................................................................................................................. 149
MAJOR CAUSES OF 1857 REVOLT .................................................................................... 151
Economic Cause .................................................................................................................................. 151
Socio-Political Cause ........................................................................................................................... 151
Religious Cause ................................................................................................................................... 153
Historical Cause ................................................................................................................................... 153
Beginning of Revolt - Views ................................................................................................................. 154
DIFFUSION OF 1857 REVOLT ........................................................................................... 155
CENTERS OF 1857 REVOLT............................................................................................... 158
Delhi.................................................................................................................................................... 158
Kanpur ................................................................................................................................................ 158
Lucknow .............................................................................................................................................. 159
Jhansi .................................................................................................................................................. 159
Arrah (Bihar) ....................................................................................................................................... 160
OUTCOME OF 1857 REVOLT ............................................................................................ 161
Weaknesses of Revolt ......................................................................................................................... 162
CRITICISM OF 1857 REVOLT............................................................................................. 163
ADMINISTRATIVE CHANGES AFTER 1858 ......................................................................... 165
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 165
PROVINCIAL ADMINISTRATION ........................................................................................ 168
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Indian History
LOCAL BODIES ................................................................................................................. 170
CHANGE IN ARMY ............................................................................................................ 171
PUBLIC SERVICE ............................................................................................................... 173
RELATIONS WITH PRINCELY STATES ................................................................................ 174
ADMINISTRATIVE POLICIES .............................................................................................. 176
Divide and Rule Policy ......................................................................................................................... 176
Hostility to Educated Indians ............................................................................................................... 176
Attitude towards Zamindars ............................................................................................................... 177
Attitude towards Social Reforms ......................................................................................................... 177
Restrictions on the Press ..................................................................................................................... 178
Racial Antagonism ............................................................................................................................... 179
EXTREME BACKWARDNESS OF SOCIAL SERVICES ............................................................. 180
Labor Legislation ................................................................................................................................. 180
INDIA & HER NEIGHBORS ................................................................................................ 182
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 182
RELATION WITH NEPAL ................................................................................................... 184
War with Nepal, 1814 ......................................................................................................................... 184
RELATION WITH BURMA ................................................................................................. 186
First Burmese War, 1824-26 ................................................................................................................ 186
Second Burmese War (1852) ............................................................................................................... 188
Third Burmese War (1885) .................................................................................................................. 190
Freedom Struggle of Burma ................................................................................................................ 193
RELATION WITH AFGHANISTAN ....................................................................................... 194
The First Afghan War ........................................................................................................................... 196
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Indian History
Policy of Non-Interference .................................................................................................................. 198
Second Afghan War ............................................................................................................................. 198
Third Anglo-Afghan War ...................................................................................................................... 200
RELATION WITH TIBET ..................................................................................................... 202
RELATIONS WITH SIKKIM ................................................................................................. 205
RELATIONS WITH BHUTAN .............................................................................................. 207
ECONOMIC IMPACT OF BRITISH RULE ............................................................................. 208
Disruption of Traditional Economy ...................................................................................................... 208
Poverty and Famines ........................................................................................................................... 210
NATIONALIST MOVEMENT (1858-1905) .......................................................................... 212
Consequence of Foreign Domination .................................................................................................. 212
PREDECESSORS OF INC .................................................................................................... 218
Major Public Associations ................................................................................................................... 218
INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS ......................................................................................... 222
Aims of INC ......................................................................................................................................... 223
INC & REFORMS .............................................................................................................. 225
Constitutional Reforms ....................................................................................................................... 225
Economic Reforms .............................................................................................................................. 226
Administrative Reforms ...................................................................................................................... 226
Methods of Political Work ................................................................................................................... 227
Attitude of the Government ................................................................................................................ 228
RELIGIOUS & SOCIAL REFORMS ....................................................................................... 229
Religious Reforms ............................................................................................................................... 229
Brahmo Samaj ..................................................................................................................................... 229
8
Indian History
Religious Reform in Maharashtra ........................................................................................................ 230
Theosophical Society ........................................................................................................................... 230
Religious Reform among Muslims ....................................................................................................... 231
Religious Reform among Parsis ........................................................................................................... 232
Religious Reform among Sikhs ............................................................................................................ 232
RELIGIOUS REFORMERS ................................................................................................... 233
Ramakrishana and Vivekananda ......................................................................................................... 233
Swami Dayanand (Arya Samaj)............................................................................................................ 234
Sayyid Ahmad Khan (Aligarh School) ................................................................................................... 235
Muhammad Iqbal ................................................................................................................................ 236
WOMEN’S EMANCIPATION ............................................................................................. 237
STRUGGLE AGAINST CASTE.............................................................................................. 239
NATIONALIST MOVEMENT (1905-1918) .......................................................................... 241
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 241
Recognition of True Nature of British Rule .......................................................................................... 241
Growth of Self-respect and Self-confidence ........................................................................................ 242
Existence of Militant Nationalist School of Thought ............................................................................ 242
PARTITION OF BENGAL .................................................................................................... 244
Swadeshi and Boycott ......................................................................................................................... 244
Role of Students, Women, Muslims, & Masses ................................................................................... 245
Growth of Revolutionary Terrorism .................................................................................................... 246
INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS (1905-1914) ..................................................................... 248
Nationalists & World War I ................................................................................................................. 249
MUSLIM LEAGUE & GROWTH OF COMMUNALISM ......................................................... 250
HOME RULE LEAGUES ..................................................................................................... 253
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