Donald School Textbook of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology

1035 Pages·25.84 MB·English

by  editors, Asim Kurjak, Frank A. Chervenak.

Donald School
Textbook of Ultrasound in
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Donald School
Textbook of Ultrasound in
Obstetrics and Gynecology
THIRD EDITION
Editors
Asim Kurjak
MD PhD
Professor and Chairman
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Medical School University of Zagreb
Sveti Duh Hospital
Zagreb, Croatia
Frank A Chervenak
MD PhD
Professor and Chairman
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
The New York Weill Hospital-Cornell Medical Center
New York, USA
®
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Donald School Textbook of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
© 2011, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers
All rights reserved. No part of this publication should be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in
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permission of the editors and the publisher.
This book has been published in good faith that the material provided by contributors is original. Every effort is
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inadvertent error(s). In case of any dispute, all legal matters are to be settled under Delhi jurisdiction only.
First Edition: 2004
Second Edition: 2008
Third Edition: 2011
ISBN 978-93-5025-259-8
Typeset at JPBMP typesetting unit
Printed in India
To
Ian Donald
(Our Teacher and Friend)
CONTRIBUTORS
Badreldeen Ahmed María J Barco Romina Castagno
Head Gynecologic Centre “Bolonia” Hospital Vall d´ Hebron
Feto-Maternal Unit Zaragoza, Spain Barcelona, Spain
Department of Obstetrics and
Gynecology Jill Beithon Gabriele Centini
Women’s Hospital Ultrasound Services Sanford Prenatal Diagnosis Unit
Hamad Medical Corporation Health University of Siena
Doha, State of Qatar Fargo, ND, USA Siena, Italy
Juan Luis Alcázar Isaac Blickstein Giovanni Centini
Department of Obstetrics and Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Diagnosis Unit
Gynecology Gynecology University of Siena
University Clinic of Navarra Kaplan Medical Center Siena, Italy
School of Medicine Rehovot, and
University of Navarra Hadassah-Hebrew University Aleksandar Cetkovic
Pamplona, Spain School of Medicine Clinical Center of Serbia
Jerusalem, Israel Belgrade, Serbia
Cristian Andrei
Department of Obstetrics and Tatjana Bozanovic
Stephen T Chasen
Gynecology School of Medicine
Weill Medical College of Cornell
Elias University Hospital Belgrade University, and
University, New York, USA
Carol Davila University of Institute for Obstetrics and
Medicine Gynecology
Frank A Chervenak
Bucharest, Romania Clinical Center of Serbia
Chairman
Belgrade, Serbia
Aris Antsaklis Department of Obstetrics and
Head Gynecology
Lluis Cabero
1st Department of Obstetrics and Joan and Sanford I Weill Medical
Department of Obstetrics and
Gynaecology College of Cornell University
Gynecology
“Alexandra” Maternity Hospital The New York Presbyterian
Hospital Vall d'Hebron
University of Athens Hospital, New York, USA
Barcelona
Medical School
Spain Judith L Chervenak
Athens, Greece
New York University School of
José M Carrera
Silvia Arevalo Medicine
Senior Member
Fetal Medicine Unit New York, USA
Department of Obstetric and
Hospital Vall d’Hebron
Gynaecology Carmina Comas Gabriel
Barcelona, Spain
University Institute Dexeus Fetal Medicine Unit
Guillermo Azumendi Pérez Autonomous University of Department of Obstetrics and
Clinica Gutenberg Barcelona Gynecology
Malaga, Spain Barcelona, Spain University Institute Dexeus
Barcelona, Spain
Kazunori Baba Elena Carreras
Center for Maternal, Fetal and Fetal Medicine Unit Antonella Cromi
Neonatal Medicine Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Obstetrics and
Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Department Gynecology
Medical University Hospital Vall d’Hebron University Medical School of
Saitama, Japan Barcelona, Spain Insubria, Varese, Italy
viii Donald School Textbook of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Vincenzo D’Addario Alessandra Giocolano Sanja Kupesic Plavsic
Department of Obstetrics and Department of Obstetrics and Department of Medical Education
Gynecology, University of Bari Gynecology Paul L Foster School of Medicine
Bari, Italy III Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit Texas Tech University
University Medical School of Bari El Paso, Texas, USA
Luca Di Cagno
Bari, Italy
Fetal Medicine Unit
Asim Kurjak
Department of Obstetrics and
Teresa Higueras Department of Obstetrics and
Gynecology, University of Bari
Fetal Medicine Unit Gynecology
Bari, Italy
Hospital Vall d'Hebron Medical School
Barcelona University of Zagreb
Edoardo Di Naro
Spain Zagreb, Croatia
III Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit
University Medical School of Bari
Ulrich Honemeyer Mario Lituania
Bari, Italy
Head Centro di Fisiopatologia
Department of Obstetrics and Preconcezionale e Prenatale.
Marko Dosen
Gynecology Ospedali Galliera Genova
Department of Reproductive
Welcare Hospital Genova, Italy
Medicine and Gynecologic
Dubai, UAE
Endocrinology
Aleksandar Ljubic
University Clinical Center Maribor
School of Medicine
Jon Hyett
Maribor, Slovenia
University of Belgrade, and
Head
Institute for Obstetrics and
High Risk Obstetrics
Alaa Ebrashy Gynecology
RPA Women and Babies
Director Clinical Center of Serbia
Royal Prince Alfred Hospital
Fetal Medicine Unit Belgrade, Serbia
Central Clinical School
Kasr El Aini Hospital
University of Sydney
Faculty of Medicine Kazuo Maeda
Sydney, Australia
Cairo University Department of Obstetrics and
Cairo, Egypt Gynecology (Professor Emeritus)
Shigenori Iwagaki
Tottori University Medical School
Department of Maternal and Fetal
A Kubilay Ertan
Yonago, Japan
Medicine
Head
National Hospital Organization
Department of Obstetrics and Jaideep Malhotra
Nagara Medical Center
Gynecology Malhotra Nursing and Maternity
Nagara Gifu, Japan
Hospital of Leverkusen Home (P) Ltd
Leverkusen, Agra, India
Robin B Kalish
Germany
Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Narendra Malhotra
Department of Obstetrics and Malhotra Nursing and Maternity
Francesc Figueras
Gynecology Home (P) Ltd
Service of Fetal Medicine
Weill Medical College of Cornell Agra, India
Clinical Institute of Gynecology
University, New York, USA
Obstetrics and Neonatology
Neharika Malhotra
University of Barcelona
Ichiro Kawabata Malhotra Nursing and Maternity
Barcelona,
Department of Maternal and Fetal Home (P) Ltd
Spain
Medicine Agra, India
National Hospital Organization
Biserka Funduk Kurjak Alexandra Matias
Nagara Medical Center
Department of Obstetrics and Department of Obstetrics and
Nagara Gifu, Japan
Gynecology Gynecology
Medical School Ashok Khurana Porto Medical Faculty of Medicine
University of Zagreb The Ultrasound Lab Hospital of S João
Zagreb, Croatia New Delhi, India Porto, Portugal
Contributors ix
Eva Meler Zehra Nese Kavak Ritsuko K Pooh
Department of Obstetrics and Director Director
Gynaecology Fetal Medicine Unit CRIFM Clinical Research Institute
University Institute Dexeus Department of Obstetrics and of Fetal Medicine PMC
Autonomus University of Gynecology Osaka, Japan
Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Marmara University Teaching and
Research Hospital, Pendik KyongHon Pooh
Luis T Mercé
Istanbul, Turkey Department of Neurosurgery
CENEGO (National Center of
Kagawa National Children’s
Gynecology and Obstetrics US) Agnieszka Nocun
Hospital, Zentsuji,
and Assisted Reproduction Unit Gynecology and Oncology Clinic
Japan
International Ruber Hospital University Hospital in Krakow
Madrid, Spain Krakow, Poland
Maja Predojevic
Department of Physiology
Eberhard Merz
Aleksandra Novakov
Medical School
Chairman
School of Medicine
University of Zagreb
Department of Obstetrics and
University of Novi Sad
Zagreb, Croatia
Gynecology
Clinical Center of Vojvodina
Krankenhaus Nordwest
Novi Sad, Serbia
Luigi Raio
Frankfurt/Main, Germany
Department of Obstetrics and
Zoltán Papp
Srboljub Milicevic Gynecology, University of Bern
Maternity Private Clinic
Institute for Obstetrics and Bern, Switzerland
Semmelweis University
Gynecology
Budapest, Hungary
Jai Prakash Rao
Clinical Center of Serbia
Malhotra Nursing and Maternity
Belgrade, Serbia George A Partsinevelos
Home (P) Ltd
1st Department of Obstetrics and
Berivoj Miskovic Agra, India
Gynaecology
Head
University of Athens
Department of Obstetrics and Medical School Frederico Rocha
Gynecology Athens, Greece Division of Maternal Fetal
Clinical Hospital Sveti Duh Medicine
Zagreb, Croatia Bhargavi Patham Department of OB/GYN and
Department of Medical Education Women’s Health
Giovanni Monni
Paul L Foster School of Medicine John A Burns School of Medicine
Head
Texas Tech University University of Hawaii
Department of Obstetrics and
El Paso, Texas, USA Honolulu, Hawaii,
Gynecology
USA
Prenatal and Preimplantation Vincenzo Pinto
Genetic Diagnosis Department of Obstetrics and
Carlota Rodó
Microcitemico Hospital Gynecology
Fetal Medicine Unit
Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy University of Bari
Hospital Vall d'Hebron
Bari, Italy
Nuno Montenegro Barcelona, Spain
Porto Medical Faculty of Medicine Armando Pintucci
Department of Obstetrics and Department of Obstetrics and Lucia Rosignoli
Gynecology, Hospital of S João Gynecology Prenatal Diagnosis Unit
Porto, Portugal University of Bari P Palagi Hospital
Bari, Italy Florence, Italy
Ajlana Mulic-Lutvica
Department of Women’s and Branko M Plavsic Cristina A Rossi
Children’s Health Department of Radiology Fetal Medicine Unit
Obstetrics and Gynaecology Paul L Foster School of Medicine Department of Obstetrics and
Uppsala University Texas Tech University Gynecology, University of Bari
Uppsala, Sweden El Paso, Texas, USA Bari, Italy
x Donald School Textbook of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Aida Salihagic Kadic András Tankó Radu Vladareanu
Department of Physiology, and Department of Obstetrics and Chairman
Croatian Institute for Brain Gynecology Department of Obstetrics and
Research Medical School County Hospital Gynecology
University of Zagreb Kecskemét, Hungary Elias University Hospital
Zagreb, Croatia Carol Davila University of
H Alper Tanriverdi Medicine
Cihat en Head Bucharest, Romania
Chairman Maternal-Fetal Medicine Unit
Department of Perinatology Department of Obstetrics and Veljko Vlaisavljevic
Cerrahpasa Medical School Gynecology Department of Reproductive
University of Istanbul Adnan Menderes University Medicine and Gynecologic
Istanbul, Turkey Faculty of Medicine Endocrinology
Aydin, Turkey University Clinical Center Maribor
Geeta Sharma Maribor, Slovenia
Weill Medical College of Cornell Sakshi Tomar
University Malhotra Nursing and Maternity Marcin Wiechec
New York, USA Home (P) Ltd Obstetrics and Perinatology Clinic
Agra, India University Hospital in Krakow
Kohei Shiota Krakow, Poland
Department of Anatomy and Nuria Toran
Developmental Biology and Department of Pediatric Pathology Tevfik Yoldemir
Congenital Anomaly Research Hospital Vall d'Hebron Department of Obstetrics and
Center Barcelona Gynecology
Kyoto University Graduate School Spain Marmara University Teaching and
of Medicine Research Hospital, Pendik
Kyoto, Japan Zoltán Tóth Istanbul, Turkey
Department of Obstetrics and
Daniel W Skupski
Gynecology Nadah B Zafar
Director
Debrecen University Department of Medical Education
Maternal-Fetal Medicine
Debrecen, Hungary Paul L Foster School of Medicine
Associate Chairman
Texas Tech University
Department of Obstetrics and
Boris Ujevic El Paso, Texas, USA
Gynecology
Department of Obstetrics and
The New York Hospital of Queens
Gynecology Ivica Zalud
Flushing, New York, USA
Clinical Hospital Sveti Duh Chief,
Zagreb, Croatia Division of Maternal Fetal
Jiri Sonek
Medicine
Department of Obstetrics and
Martina Ujevic Department of OB/GYN and
Gynecology
Polyclinic “Vili” Women’s Health
Wright State University
Zagreb, Croatia John A Burns School of Medicine
President
University of Hawaii
Fetal Medicine Foundation of
Gino Varga Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
the United States of America
Polyclinic “Nemetova”
Dayton, Ohio, USA
Zagreb, Croatia Mona Zvanca
Yuichiro Takahashi Department of Obstetrics and
Department of Maternal and Fetal Oliver Vasilj Gynecology
Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Elias University Hospital
National Hospital Organization Gynecology Carol Davila University of
Nagara Medical Center Clinical Hospital Sveti Duh Medicine
Nagara Gifu, Japan Zagreb, Croatia Bucharest, Romania
PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION
The Ian Donald International School of Ultrasound bears testament to globalization in its most successful and
worthwhile form. The school was founded in Dubrovnik in 1981; in the preface of the first edition in 2004 we were
proud to announce that the School had grown to 8 branches. Since then, the growth has been meteoric and now
consists of 55 branches in almost every corner of the globe. The reason for this success has been the tireless and
selfless efforts of the world’s leading authorities in ultrasound who are willing to dedicate their valuable time
without reimbursement to teach sonologists and sonographers throughout the world. Our teachers put national,
religious, political, and other parochial considerations aside as they strive to improve the care of all women
and fetal patients. Politicians in the countries represented by our School have much to learn from the purity of
spirit that exists throughout our international family. We believe that Ian Donald is smiling down from heaven at
the School that bears his name.
In the educational efforts of the 55 branches of the Ian Donald School, there is clearly a need for a textbook to
complement and supplement lectures and didactic sessions. The first and second textbooks were successful in this
endeavor, but with the explosion of knowledge, it was clear that an expanded and updated third edition would
be invaluable. For the sake of simplicity, our book is divided into three sections. Section One deals with a variety
of topics that lay the foundation for the rest of the book. Section Two addresses the myriad subtopics in obstetric
ultrasound that optimize the care of pregnant women and fetal patients. The last section addresses the essential
role that ultrasound plays in the many dimensions of clinical gynecology.
A special word of thanks to Jadranka, our tireless secretary for her hundreds of dedicated hours of quality
work.
We are grateful to many course directors and lecturers of the Ian Donald School who have enabled its growth
and have selflessly contributed to this volume. In order to maximize the reach of this textbook by minimizing its
price, all contributors have waived any honorarium or royalty. Their dedication to the dream of globalized quality
ultrasound has enabled its reality.
Asim Kurjak
Frank A Chervenak