DOE Ela ADD DETEDNEE OM (20

594 Pages·2013·14.91 MB·English

DOE Ela ADD DETEDNEE
OM (20
- '1103'11
by
Maria Fatima L. T. da Silva Gracias
Thesis submitted to the Goa University for the degree of
Doctor of Phifosophj in kistorj
1
54.79
under the guidance of
Dr. Teotonio R. de Souza
D i rector
Xavier Centre of Historical Research, Goa.
Goa, INDIA
1992
(cid:9)
A statement under Ordinance 0.770
I hereby state that the research work carried out by
me for the Ph.D. thesis entitled (cid:9) Health and Hygiene in Goa
1510-1961 is my original work. I am also to state that
have not been awarded any degree or diploma or any other
academic award by this or any other (cid:9) University or body for
the thesis to be submitted by me.
A statement under Ordinance 0.771
This thesis on "Health and Hygiene in Goa, 1510-1961"
contains an historical inquiry into the conditions and
problems of health and hygiene during the period of the
Portuguese colonial rule in Goa. I have gone through the
existing and relevant published works related directly and
indirectly to different aspects of this theme, but the
substance of the present research is drawn from archival
documentation and from published contemporary reports. This
has enabled to provide for the first time a comprehensive
picture of the Goan Society from the perspective of health and
hygiene and related issues. In the process much documentary
evidence is also made available for understanding the socio-
economic conditions of life in Goa during the period covered
by this study.
It is hoped that the contribution made by this thesis
will enable those concerned about improving the quality of
life in Goa to understand better the necessary background that
has influenced and shaped many social attitudes and
institutional strengths as well as handicaps. Hence, far from
being a purely antiquarian exercise, this research is aimed at
assisting in the present day and future efforts at
implementing policies and programmes that do not perpetuate
the past colonial and discriminatory approaches.
1 61-eAll'
Ijr
Maria Fatima (cid:9) T. da Silva Gracias
Certified that the statements made
by the candjdate are correct.
(Guiding
Date:
4zil c ei f (cid:9) aliaTrq
XAVIER CENTRE OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH
Alto - Porvorim, Goa 403 521 (INDIA) Grams : HISTCENT Phone [phone]
In Thy LIgnt
5(cid:127)4, LIOnt
Certificate from the Ph.D. Guide
I hereby state that Ms. Maria Fatima L.T. da Silva
Gracias has done her reseach under my guidance for her
Ph.D. thesis in History on "Health and Hygiene in Goa,
1510-1961".
I wish to further state that she has done independent
and original research on the said topic and has given
us for the first time a connected, comprehensive and
well-documented account of the state of Health and related
factors in this territory during the entire period of
the Portuguese rule. Besides consulting the relevant
published material on the subject, she has utilised hitherto
unused archival material, and has also tapped oral infor-
mation. Samples of the new archival information, plus
statistical/graphed data based on such information have
been appended to the thesis as a proof of authenticity. The
topic has also been treated in a manner that is relevant
for our times, taking note of the questions being raised
nowadays about health in the various world fora, and
with special reference to the Third World.
I state hereby also that Ms. Maria Fatima L.T. da
Silva Gracias has not submitted the result of this research
in full or in part for any other degree or diploma, asso-
ciationship, fellowship or any other similar title.
Dr. (cid:9) Teotonio (cid:9) de Souza,S.J.
PH.D. (cid:9) '.SEARCH GUIDE
3/
CONTENTS
MAP (cid:9) after p. 278
ABBREVIATIONS (cid:9) 2
GLOSSARY (cid:9) 3
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS (cid:9) 8
INTRODUCTION (cid:9) 11
CHAPTER I (cid:9) : STANDARDS OF LIVING IN GOA (cid:9) 19
CHAPTER II (cid:9) : POPULATION TRENDS AND HEALTH
IMPLICATIONS (cid:9) 68
CHAPTER III : PERSONAL CARE AND ENVIRONMENTAL
HYGIENE (cid:9) 106
CHAPTER IV (cid:9) : DISEASES AND EPIDEMICS (cid:9) 151
CHAPTER V (cid:9) : INSTITUTIONAL HEALTH CARE (cid:9) 211
CHAPTER VI (cid:9) : FOLK MEDICINE AND TRADITIONS (cid:9) 279
CHAPTER VII : WESTERN MEDICINE: TRAINING
FACILITIES AND TRAINED DOCTORS (cid:9) 336
CHAPTER VIII : HEALTH LEGISLATION (cid:9) 395
CHAPTER IX (cid:9) : OVERVIEW (cid:9) 467
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY (cid:9) 480
STATISTICAL AND DOCUMENTARY APPENDICES (cid:9) 509
BIBLIOGRAPHY (cid:9) 560
ABBREVIATIONS
APO (cid:9) Archivo Portuguez-Oriental
ARSJ (cid:9) Archivum Romanum Societatis Jesu, Rome
BNL (cid:9) Bibloteca National, Lisboa
BG (cid:9) Boletim do Govern() do Estado da India
BO (cid:9) Boletim Oficial
CD (cid:9) Correspondencia Diversa
CPL (cid:9) Central Library, Panjim
DI (cid:9) Documenta Indica
EPB (cid:9) Enciclopaedia Portuguesa Brasileira
HAG (cid:9) Historical Archives of Goa
LRE1 (cid:9) Legislagao Relativa ao Estado da India
MR (cid:9) MongOes do Reino
PAR (cid:9) Provisbes, Alvaras e Regimentos
PP (cid:9) Patriarchal Palace
RC (cid:9) Rois de Christandade
* Re. (cid:9) Rupee
VP (cid:9) Visita Pastoral
XCHR (cid:9) Xavier Centre of Historical Research
Glossary
(+) (cid:9) The cross-mark (cid:9) indicates words of Portuguese
origin. (cid:9) The (cid:9) remaining (cid:9) words (cid:9) are (cid:9) of (cid:9) local (cid:9) vernacular
derivation.
Alvara+ (cid:9) = (cid:9) A decree issued either by King, Viceroy or
Government official and valid for one year
without the royal confirmation
Almude+ = A measure equal to 16.8 litre§
Arratel+ = A pound of weight
Arroba+ = A fourteen and a half kilograms
Arroz preto+ = Black rice
Asilo dos Alienados+ = Mental Asylum
Bailadeira+ = Temple dancer
Baili-pidda = Foreign disease
Bakri = Rice bread
Bindul = Copper vessel used to draw and carry water from the
well
Boia = Palanquin' bearer
Bonguis = Scavengers
Boticario+ = Apothecary, pharmacist
Bajus (cid:9) = Dress worn by women of upper strata
Cabayas = A kind of overcoat worn by Christian middle class
men in Goa
Canarins = Native Christians of Goa
Canis+ = Boiled rice with water
C.. os+ = Portuguese married settlers in the city of Goa.
Codel : = (cid:9) Chair (an item of. Goan furniture)
Choli = Tight fitting blouse worn on saree by women
Comprador+ = Purchaser
Confrarias+ = Pious confraternity
Curandeiros+ = Quacks
Dal = Native midwife
Delegado de Saude+ = Health Officer t.
Delegacia de Saude+ = Health Office
Dobo = Disease of the liver
T.IROJP = (cid:9) 01='!A414 P4; tP4i-ii:ort f.p.ied by women, priests
Dotes+ = Endowment, gifts
Escorbuto+ = Scurvy
Escrivao+ = Clerk
Fidalgo+ = Nobleman
Firinghi rog = European disease
Fardo+ = Bale
Feiticeiro+ = Witch-doctor
Ghadi = Shaman
Girasal = Superior quality of rice.
Hakim = Practitioner of Unani medicine
Hatar = Mat used to dry boiled paddy
'Hatri = Small mat
Herbolario+ = Herbalist
Hospital de Misericordia+ = Hospital of House of Mercy
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Hospital Militar+ = Military Hospital
Hospital dos Pobres+ =
Hospital for the Poor
Hospital Real+ = Royal Hospital
Kail = Frying pan
Kanso = Bowl used to eat soft boiled rice with water
Khandi = 480 lbs. wt.
Kolso = Large vessel used to carry water from the well
Kompro = Vessel used to steam rice bread
Langoti = Loin cloth passing between the thighs and held by
a cord or chain tied around the waist
Machila = A sedan chair carried by four to six men
Mainato+ = Washerman
Merces+ = Gifts, benefits
Modki = A vessel used to boil rice
Morambas+ = Knee-length shorts
Moradias+ = House rent
Mordomo+ = Superintendent
Mukdam = Leader of a professional group
Mundkar = Tennant attached to the land
Munz = Thread worn around the waist
Namasy (cid:9) = (cid:9) Rent-free land (cid:9) granted to village servants in
lieu of service
Nachini = Eleusine caracona
Oitava+. = An eighth part of an ounce
Ouvidor+ = Judge
Quvidor Geral+ = Senior Crown Judge
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Ordenado+ = Salary
Pandito = Native physician
PatrAo for de Ribeira+ =
Chief superintendent of shipyard
Fatt = A low stool used by Hindus to sit
Pauta das mezinhas+ = Price list of medicines
Febo = Cup used to drink water
Pobre mendigo+ = Beggar
Provedor+ = Purveyor
Provedoria+ = Institution of Public Assistance
Fostura+ = Municipal legislation.
Pudvem = Garment worn by Hindu men
Quintal+ (cid:9) = (cid:9) 128 lbs. wt.
Recolhimento+ = Home for the destitutes
Regedor+ = Justice of peace.
Regimento+ = Standing order
Renda Verde+ = Income from market fines on vegetables
Saguates+ = Gifts
Sangrador+ = Bleeder
Santa Casa Misericordia+ = Holy House of Mercy
Senado+ = Municipal Council
Shevgo = Machine used to prepare Goan rice noodles
Sigmo = Hindu festival corresponding to Holi
Soldo+ = Basic pay
Sotel (cid:9) = Copper vessel used to prepare traditional Goan
sweets
Sub-cheie+ = Assistant chief
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Sup = Winnowing fan
Tambio = Small vessel for water
Tanador = Chief revenue and judicial authority of a province
Taverna + = Liquor shop
Tirtha = Holy water
Tonga+ = Horse-drawn carriage
Vaidya = Ayurvedic practitioner
Vatam (cid:9) = Copper plate used to eat food
Vatli = Metal plate for food .
Vedor de Fazenda+ = Chief revenue superintendent
Xeipal+ = Portuguese wine
Xetam = Devil
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