Documents to Accompany America's History, Volume Two: Since 1865

511 Pages·2007·5.17 MB·English

by  James A. Henretta

This page intentionally left blank
Documents to Accompany
America’s History
Volume 2: Since 1865
Cover art:Expansive View ofNewly Built Houses Jammed Side-by-side,Divided by
aNever-ending Street Clogged with Moving Vans Unloading Families’
Possessions on Moving Day.© J.R.Eyerman.Getty Images/Time & Life
Pictures;Levittown,PA;Detailed Map.© State Museum ofPennsylvania,
Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission,and The Historical
Society ofWashington,DC.
Copyright © 2008 by Bedford/St.Martin’s
All rights reserved.No part ofthis book may be reproduced,stored in a retrieval
system,or transmitted in any form or by any means,electronic,mechanical,
photocopying,recording,or otherwise,except as may be expressly permitted by the
applicable copyright statutes or in writing by the Publisher.
Manufactured in the United States ofAmerica.
21098
f edcba
For information,write:Bedford/St.Martin’s,75 Arlington Street,Boston,
MA 02116 (617-399-4000)
ISBN-10: 0-312-45441-4
ISBN-13: 978-0-312-45441-8
S I X T H E D I T I O N
Henretta Brody Dumenil
Documents to Accompany
America’s History
Volume 2: Since 1865
Kevin J. Fernlund
University of Missouri—St. Louis
Bedford / St. Martin’s
Boston ● New York
This page intentionally left blank
Preface
Volume 2 ofDocuments to Accompany America’s History,Sixth Edition,brings together almost
two hundred primary source documents to enrich the study of America’s History,Sixth Edi-
tion.It is our goal that this reader will enhance the educational experience of both students
and instructors by adding breadth and depth to many facets ofAmerican history that deserve
a closer look.In addition to key speeches,laws,contemporary accounts,letters,oral histories,
autobiographies,and other written documents,the collection includes political cartoons,sta-
tistical tables,and figures that shed light on all aspects ofpolitical,social,and cultural history.
Following the chapter organization ofAmerica’s History,Sixth Edition,the documents in
each chapter of this reader are grouped into three or four sets corresponding to the main
headings ofthe textbook chapter.Each set begins with an introduction that places that group’s
documents within their wider historical context.The individual documents follow,each with
its own headnote and questions,allowing instructors the flexibility to focus on an individual
document or explore a particular section in depth.The wide array ofreadings enriches a stu-
dent’s learning experience,offering interesting comparisons and contrasts to specific features
in the textbook itself. Many of the document sets also present pieces with opposing views
meant to stimulate debate in the university classroom. The document set concludes with
Questions for Further Thought designed to help students recognize connections among the
documents and realize how the documents illustrate or exemplify larger themes.
Upon concluding the preparation ofthis volume,I would like to take this opportunity to
acknowledge the editors ofprior editions ofthe reader;to offer a special note ofthanks to one
of my graduate students, Elizabeth Pickard, for her assistance; to thank the students in my
course “The Curriculum and Methods for Teaching History and the Social Studies”(fall 2005)
for their questions and insights;to thank the librarians and staffat the St.Louis Mercantile Li-
brary (University of Missouri–St.Louis) and the McFarlin Library (University of Tulsa) for
their help. And I would above all like to express my appreciation for the support my wife,
Sharon Corn Fernlund,has given to me.
Kevin J.Fernlund
v
This page intentionally left blank
Contents
Preface v
CHAPTER 15
Reconstruction,1865–1877 1
Presidential Reconstruction 1
15-1 Andrew Johnson,Plan ofReconstruction (1865) 2
15-2 Carl Schurz,Report on Conditions in the South (1865) 3
15-3 Philip A.Bell,Reconstruction (1865) 7
15-4 The Mississippi Black Codes (1865) 8
15-5 The Civil Rights Act of1866 10
Radical Reconstruction 12
15-6 Thaddeus Stevens,Black Suffrage and Land Redistribution (1867) 12
15-7 The Fourteenth Amendment and Woman Suffrage (1873,1875) 14
15-8 Richard H.Cain,An Advocate ofFederal Aid for Land Purchase (1868) 17
The Undoing ofReconstruction 19
15-9 Thomas Nast,The Rise and Fall ofNorthern Support for Reconstruction
(1868,1874) 20
15-10 President Grant Refuses to Aid Republicans in Mississippi (1875) 22
15-11 The Slaughterhouse Cases (1873) 24
15-12 Susan Myrick Interviews Ex-Slave Catherine Beale (1929) 27
PART FOUR
A Maturing Industrial Society,1877–1914
CHAPTER 16
The American West 29
The Great Plains 29
16-1 Custer’s Last Stand,Helena Daily Herald(July 4,1876) 30
16-2 Helen Hunt Jackson,A Century ofDishonor(1881) 31
16-3 The Dawes Severalty Act (1887) 33
16-4 Buffalo Bird Woman,Beginning a Garden (1917) 34
16-5 Howard Ruede,Letter from a Kansas Homesteader (1878) 37
vii
viii Contents
16-6 John Wesley Powell,Report on the Lands ofthe Arid Region (1878) 38
16-7 William E.Smythe,On Irrigation (1905) 40
The Far West 43
16-8 On Chinese Immigration (1876,1882) 44
16-9 The White Caps,Nuestra Platforma:Hispanics Protest Anglo Encroachment
in New Mexico (1890) 45
16-10 Charles Fletcher Lummis,The Land ofPoco Tiempo(1893) 46
16-11 Mormon Renunciation ofPolygamy,WoodruffManifesto (1890) 48
16-12 John Muir,A Perilous Night on Shasta’s Summit (1888) 49
CHAPTER 17
Capital and Labor in the Age ofEnterprise,1877–1900 53
Industrial Capitalism Triumphant 53
17-1 Justin Smith Morrill,On the Origin ofthe Land-Grant College Act (c.1874) 53
17-2 Henry George,Progress and Poverty(1879) 55
17-3 Andrew Carnegie,The Gospel ofWealth (1889) 57
The World ofWork 60
17-4 On Child Labor (1877) 61
17-5 Lillie B.Chase Wyman,Studies ofFactory Life: Among the Women (1888) 62
17-6 Anonymous (A Black Domestic),More Slavery at the South (c.1912) 63
17-7 Frederick Winslow Taylor,Principles ofScientific Management(1911) 65
The Labor Movement 68
17-8 On Agrarian Discontent,1887 68
17-9 Terrence V.Powderly,The Army ofUnemployed (1887) 69
17-10 Eugene V.Debs,How I Became a Socialist (1902) 71
17-11 Testimony Before the U.S.Strike Commission on the Pullman
Strike (1894) 73
CHAPTER 18
The Industrial City:Building It,Living in It 77
Urbanization 77
18-1 Frederick Law Olmsted,Calvert Vaux,Central Park (1858) 77
18-2 Julian Ralph,Colorado and Its Capital (1893) 80
18-3 Louis H.Sullivan,The Tall Office Building Artistically Considered (1896) 83
Upper Class/Middle Class 85
18-4 Thorstein Veblen,Conspicuous Consumption (1899) 86
18-5 Catharine E.Beecher,The Christian Family (1869) 88
18-6 Theodore Dreiser,Sister Carrie(1900) 90
City Life 93
18-7 Jacob Riis,How the Other HalfLives(1890) 93
18-8 The Immigrant Experience:Letters Home (1901–1903) 96
18-9 Giuseppe Giacosa,A Visitor in Chicago (1892) 98
18-10 Josiah Strong,The Dangers ofCities (1886) 100
CHAPTER 19
Politics in the Age ofEnterprise,1877–1896 103
The Politics ofthe Status Quo,1877–1893 103
19-1 James Bryce,The American Commonwealth(1888) 103
19-2 William Graham Sumner,The Forgotten Man (1883) 107