Doctor of Philosop in Textile and Apparel Des Doctor of Philosophy in Textile and Apparel ...

129 Pages·2016·4.14 MB·English

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CERTIFICATE I
This is to certify that this thesis entitled, “UV Protective and Antibacterial Finish
on Cotton Using Plant Extracts” submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in the
subject ofTextile and Apparel Designing,to Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural
University, Hisar is a bonafide research work carried out by Vandana (Admission No.
2012HS13D) under my supervision and that no part of this thesis has been submitted for any
other degree.
The assistance and help received during the course of investigation have been fully
acknowledged.
Dr.Nirmal Yadav
(Major Advisor)
Professorand Head
Department of Textile and ApparelDesigning,
I.C. College of Home Sciences,
CCS Haryana Agricultural University,
Hisar-125004, India
CERTIFICATE II
This is to certify that this thesis entitled, “UV Protective and Antibacterial Finish
on Cotton Using Plant Extracts” submitted by Vandana (Admission No. 2012HS13D), to
the Department of Textile and Apparel Designing, I.C.College of Home Sciences, Chaudhary
Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, in partial fulfilmentof the requirements
for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in the subject of Textile and Apparel Designing,
has been approved by the Student’s Advisory Committee after an oral examination on the
same in collaboration with an External Examiner.
MAJORADVISOR EXTERNAL EXAMINER
HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT
DEAN, POST-GRADUATE STUDIES
CERTIFICATE III
FORMAT FOR P. G. THESIS
“It is certified that the thesis submitted by Vandana, Adm. No. 2012HS13D, Ph.D.
student of this department has been checked and found as per specification of the format
circulated by the Dean, PGS vide his Memo No. PGS/A-1/09/6926-90 dated26.08.2009”.
MAJOR ADVISOR
PROFESSOR AND HEAD
Acknowledgements
It is the moment of great pleasure and immense satisfaction to acknowledge my debt to my
teacher and my mentor Professor & Head, Dr. Nirmal Yadav for her support and guidance at every
step. It is because of her priceless intellectual guidance, innovative and constructive ideas for having
given me complete independence, a great sense of precision, parental care and ever smiling face are
remarkable, affectionate encouragement to put my desire and thought, which paved the way for the
successful fulfilment ofthis work. It is indeed my privilege to work under her guidance.
With sincerity and immense pleasure, I express my indebtedness and deep sense of gratitude
to Dr. Krishna Khambra, Professor, member of my advisory committee whose intellectual guidance,
ever-ready help and cooperation gave me afillipto accomplish this manuscript.I would like to express
my indebtedness to the other members of my advisory committee Dr. Rajveer, Professor (Chem. &
Biochem.), Dr. Seema Rani,Professor(Extension Education & Communication Management)andDr.
Manju Dahiya, Pr. Scientist (Extension Education & Communication Management) for their
inspiration and critical suggestions foraccomplishmentofthis manuscript successfully.
I am extremelygrateful to Dr. Parveen Punia, Dean (I.C.College of Home Sciences).Sincere
thanks are also due to the other faculty members and staff of the Department of Textile and Apparel
Designingfor their cooperation and timely help.
Thanks are also due to Dr. Rakesh Kumar, Assistant Scientist, Department of microbiology,
for providing me valuable guidance and providing me the lab facilities during the course of
experimental work. I am obliged to Dr. Anshu Sharma, Senior Bacteriologist, College of veterinary
scientist, LUWAS) and Bhupender Singh (Lab Technician) for their timely assistance and co-
operation. I am extremely thankful to my friendsDeepika, Khushboo and Rashmi for their timely help
and co-operation.
From the core of my heart, I owe my affectionate gratitude to my parents and my siblings;
Nidhi, Saloni, Neha, and Nitin for theirinspiring attitude, constant encouragement, unfailing patience,
endless affection, timely suggestions and constructive criticism throughout the pursuit of this study,
without which it would have never been possible for me to reach this stage.
With all my profound feelings, sentiments and gratitude, I would like to thanks Dr. Savita
Singal, Professor, Department of Family Resource Management for her blessings, support and ever-
ready help at each and every step. I express my indebtedness and deep sense of gratitude to her from
the core of my heart.
I gratefully acknowledge the support, whole hearted help and co-operation provided by my
dearest friends; Madhavi Chopra, Hemani Puri, Mamta Rana and Suman Sodhi in my difficult times
during my research work.It would be wrong if I forget to thank Hoshiyar Singh, Lab Assistantfor his
timely help.
My sincere thanks to all of them, whom I am not recalling this moment, who helped me in any
way during my research work. Last but not the least, I once again thank my parents and my family
members for their encouragement andmotivation at every step.
Place: Hisar (Vandana)
Date:January, 2016
CONTENTS
Chapter No. Description Page(s)
No.
I INTRODUCTION 1-3
II REVIEW OF LITERATURE 4-13
III MATERIALAND METHODS 14-33
IV RESULTS 34-71
V DISCUSSION 72-88
VI SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 89-94
BIBLIOGRAPHY i-ix
ANNEXURE I-VI
LIST OF TABLES
Table Description Page(s)
No. No.
3.1 List of plants selected for the present study 16
3.2 Fresh and dried parts ofselected plants 19
3.3 Dry powder obtained after grinding plant material 19
3.4 Values of EExI used in the calculation of SPF 21
3.5 Range of variables tried foroptimization 23
3.6 The optimized conditions obtained 28
4.1 Preliminary data of theselected cotton fabrics 35
4.2 Effect of pre-treatment process on water absorbency of cotton fabrics 35
4.3 Qualitative phytochemical analysis ofhotmethanolic extract of plants 37
4.4 Comparative analysis of plant species 39
4.5 Antibacterial and UV protective property of control cotton fabrics 41
4.6 Optimization of concentration ofSyzygium cumini(L.) leaves extracton 41
the basis of antibacterial and UV protective properties of woven fabric
4.7 Optimization of concentration ofSyzygium cumini(L.) leaves extract on 42
the basis of antibacterial and UV protective properties of knitted fabric
4.8 Optimization of material to liquor ratio on the basis of antibacterial and 43
UV protective properties of woven fabric
4.9 Optimization of material to liquor ratio on the basis of antibacterial and 44
UV protective properties of knitted fabric
4.10 Optimization of concentration of resin cross linking agent on the basis 45
of antibacterial and UVprotective properties of woven fabric
4.11 Optimization of concentration of resin cross linking agent on the basis 45
of antibacterial and UV protective properties of knitted fabric
4.12 Optimization of concentration of magnesium chloride on the basis of 46
antibacterial and UV protective properties of woven fabric
4.13 Optimization of concentration of magnesium chloride on the basis of 47
antibacterial and UV protective properties of knitted fabric
4.14 Optimization of pH on the basis of antibacterial and UV protective 47
properties of woven fabric
4.15 Optimization of pH on the basis of antibacterial and UV protective 48
properties of knitted fabric
4.16 Optimization of treatment time for on the basis of antibacterial and UV 49
protectiveproperties of woven fabric
4.17 Optimization of treatment time on the basis of antibacterial and UV 49
protective properties of knitted fabric
4.18 Antibacterial and UV protective property of finished fabrics 51
4.19 Wash durability of finishedwoven fabric 53
4.20 Wash durability of finished knitted fabric 54
4.21 Geometrical properties of finished woven fabrics 55
4.22 Mechanical properties of finished woven fabrics 55
4.23 Comfort properties of finished woven fabrics 57
4.24 Comfortproperties of finished woven fabrics 58
4.25 Geometrical properties of finished knitted fabric 59
4.26 Mechanical properties of finished knitted fabrics 59
4.27 Comfort properties of finished knitted fabrics 61
4.28 Comfort properties of finishedknitted fabrics 61
4.29 Effect of washing on geometrical properties of finished woven fabrics 63
4.30 Effect of washing on mechanical properties of finished woven fabric 63
4.31 Effect of washing on comfort properties of finished woven fabric 65
4.32 Effect of washing on comfort properties of finished woven fabric 65
4.33 Effect of washing on geometrical properties of finished knitted fabric 67
4.34 Effect of washing on mechanical properties of finished knitted fabric 67
4.35 Effect of washing oncomfort properties of finished knitted fabric 68
4.36 Effect of washing on comfort properties of finished knitted fabric 68
4.37 Consumers’ awareness regarding the performance finishes applied on 70
cotton fabrics
4.38 Consumers’ opinion regarding thedeveloped finished fabrics 71
LIST OF PLATES
Plate Description
No.
Paramount Pick Glass
1
2 Round cutter
3 Quadrant balance
4 Paramount thickness tester
5 Soxhlet Process
6 Zone of inhibition ofS. aureusagainst different plant extracts
7 Zone of inhibition ofB. subtilisagainst different plant extracts
8 Control and finished cotton fabrics
9 Bacterial count on control and finished cotton fabrics
10 Quantitative bacterial analysis after number of wash cycles (finished woven
fabric)
11 Quantitative bacterial analysis after number of wash cycles (finished woven
fabric)
12 Quantitative bacterial analysis after number of wash cycles (finished knitted
fabric)
13 Quantitative bacterial analysis after number of wash cycles (finished knitted
fabric)
LIST OFFIGURES
Figure Description Page(s)
No.
No.
1 Yield obtained from plants under study 36
2 Ultraviolet absorption property of plant extracts 37
3 SPF value of plant extracts 38
4 Antibacterial activity of plant extracts 38
5 Optimisation of extraction time forSyzygium cumini(L.) leaves 40
6 Wash durability of antibacterial property of finished woven fabric 53
7 Wash durability of UV protective property of finished woven fabric 53
8 Wash durability of antibacterialproperty of finished knitted fabric 54
9 Wash durability of UV protective property of finished knitted fabric 54
10 Preferred fabric for summer wear by the respondents 69
11 Properties that attracts the respondents to preferred fabric 69
12 Consumers’preferences regarding the utility of the developed finished 71
fabrics for apparel use