do no harm research

80 Pages·2017·1.4 MB·English

DO NO HARM RESEARCH
BOUGAINVILLE
Richard Eves
with Genevieve Kouro
Steven Simiha
and Irene Subalik

DO NO HARM RESEARCH:
BOUGAINVILLE
Richard Eves, with Genevieve Kouro, Steven Simiha
and Irene Subalik
2018

CONTENTS
Notes on the Reseach vii
Executive Summary ix
Key Lesson — Working with Men is Necessary xi
Key Lesson — The Need for Community-Based Gender Transformative Programs xi
Key Lesson — Women’s Economic Empowerment Programming Needs to Adopt
a ‘Do No Harm’ Approach. xii
Part 1. Introduction 1
Women’s Economic Empowerment 1
The Research 3
Research Methodology 4
The Bougainville Conflict 5
Bougainville Context 6
Gender Relations Prior to the Conflict 6
Violence against Women — Pre-Conflict 8
Gender Relations During and After Conflict 8
Part 2. Findings — Case Studies 11
Case Study 1: Kieta District 11
Case Study 2: Panguna District 15
Case Study 3: Tinputz District 19
Part 3. Analysis 25
Challenges for Women’s Income Generation 25
Part 4. What Does the Research Tell Us? 41
Women’s Income Generation 41
Constraints to Bargaining in the Household 41
Violence Erodes Women’s Agency and Power 42
Conflicts and Triggers for Violence 42
Bride Price 43
Women’s Access to Justice is Limited 43
Key Lessons from the Research: 43
Key Lesson — Working with Men is Necessary 43
Key Lesson — The Need for Community-Based Gender Transformative Programs 44
Key Lesson — Women’s Economic Empowerment Programming Needs to Adopt a
‘Do No Harm’ Approach. 46
Appendix 48
Endnotes 52
References 57
Department of Pacific Affairs iii
iv Do No Harm: Bougainville
ABBREVIATIONS
BRA Bougainville Revolutionary Army
CLC Christian Life Centre
DHS Demographic and Health Survey
NGO non-government organisation
DNH Do No Harm
OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
ODI Overseas Development Institute
PMV Public Motor Vehicle
PNG Papua New Guinea
WHO World Health Organization
Department of Pacific Affairs v
vi Do No Harm: Bougainville
NOTES ON THE RESEARCH
The Do No Harm Research
The project is a collaboration between the Department of Pacific Affairs (formerly the State, Society and
Governance in Melanesia Program) at the Australian National University and the International Women’s
Development Agency (IWDA). Richard Eves is the principal investigator, lead researcher and author of this
report. The research team in Bougainville comprised Richard Eves, Genevieve Kouro, Steven Simiha and Irene
Subalik.
Funding
This research and publication has been funded by the Australian Government through the Department of
Foreign Affairs and Trade. The views expressed in this publication are the author’s alone and are not necessarily
the views of the Australian Government.
Acknowledgements
The principal investigator and lead author wishes to thank everyone who participated in or supported the
research in Bougainville. Prior to fieldwork the research team spent a week preparing at the Nazareth Centre
for Rehabilitation and we wish to thank Sister Lorraine Garasu and the other sisters there for their hospitality
and support.
In Arawa the team wishes to thank Stella Tunim, who organised interviews for us with women business leaders,
and Josephine Harepa, the owner of the Sarama Inn, who looked after us extremely well during our stay there.
At Panguna, we wish to thank Beverly Tamis, who organised interviews for us, and Chris Tarosi, who runs the
guest house where we stayed and who was great and informative company. At Tinputz, we wish to thank
Ursula Rakova of the NGO Tulele Peisa, who organised interviews for us with some women from the Caterets.
Roselyn Kenneth from the Australian High Commission accompanied us during the fieldwork and we wish
to thank her for her support. We also wish to thank Marlon for his support and his insights into the cocoa
industry at Tinputz.
Special thanks go to Tessa Walsh for exemplary organisation of the Bougainville fieldwork logistics.
Note on Names
Apart from the acknowledgements above, all names used in this report are pseudonyms.
Department of Pacific Affairs vii
Source: Richard Eves
viiiDo No Harm: Bougainville