DK Guide to Public Speaking

576 Pages·39.51 MB·english

by  Ford-Brown L.

How to Use
THE CREATIVE PROCESS FOR PUBLIC SPEAKING
This Book
1 2
The tabs in this book correspond
to the parts of the process for
public speaking (Tabs 1 5) and
the types of speaking (Tabs 6 9). STARTING RESEARCHING
The brief contents shown in
the charts to the right give a
quick overview. OVERVIEW OF PUBLIC Chapter 3
SPEAKING LOCATING SUPPORT
Detailed contents appear at Page 1 MATERIALS
the beginning of each chapter, as Chapter 1 Page 69
well as inside the back cover of GETTING TO KNOW Chapter 4
the book. Chapter headings in the YOUR AUDIENCE AND SELECTING AND
SITUATION TESTING SUPPORT
book are in question-and-answer
format to ask common questions Page 25 MATERIALS
that beginning speakers have and Chapter 2 Page 109
SELECTING YOUR
to provide clear answers. Each
TOPIC AND PURPOSE
chapter-opening contents section
also serves as a list of learning Page 49
objectives for that chapter.
TYPES OF SPEAKING
6 7
SPEAKING TO SPEAKING TO
INFORM PERSUADE
Chapter 13 Chapter 14
THE INFORMATIVE TOOLS FOR
SPEECH PERSUADING
Page 333 Page 369
Chapter 15
THE PERSUASIVE
SPEECH
Page 403
Z04_FORD0115_01_SE_NOTE.indd 535 11/15/10 2:20 PM
3 4 5
CREATING PRESENTING LISTENING &
EVALUATING
Chapter 5 Chapter 8 Chapter 11
OUTLINING YOUR USING LANGUAGE LISTENING
SPEECH SUCCESSFULLY * Page 299
* Page 137 * Page 215 Chapter 12
Chapter 6 Chapter 9 EVALUATING SPEECHES
ORGANIZING THE DELIVERING YOUR * Page 317
SPEECH BODY SPEECH
* Page 173 * Page 237
Chapter 7 CHAPTER 10
INTRODUCING AND USING PRESENTATION
CONCLUDING YOUR AIDS
SPEECH * Page 261
* Page 195
NCA STUDENT
OUTCOMES FOR
SPEAKING AND
8 9
LISTENING
* Page 507
GLOSSARY
* Page 523
SPEAKING ON SPEAKING IN
SPECIAL OCCASIONS PROFESSIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHY
& GROUP SETTINGS * Page 533
NOTES
Chapter 16 Chapter 17
SPEECHES FOR SPECIAL ON THE JOB SPEAKING * Page 535
EVENTS * Page 471 CREDITS
* Page 443 Chapter 18 * Page 536
SPEAKING IN SMALL INDEX
GROUPS * Page 541
* Page 493 DETAILED CONTENTS
* Page 554
A01_FORD0115_01_SE_FM.indd 1 11/20/10 12:31 AM
Guide to
Public Speaking
LISA A. FORD BROWN
Columbia College
Allyn & Bacon
Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River
Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montréal Toronto
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A01_FORD0115_01_SE_FM.indd 3 11/20/10 12:31 AM
Text design, page layout, Editorial Director: Daryl Fox
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For permission to use copyrighted material, grateful acknowledgment is made to the copyright holders on pp. 536 540,
which are hereby made part of this copyright page.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Ford-Brown, Lisa A.
DK guide to public speaking / Lisa A. Ford-Brown.
p. cm.
ISBN-13: 978-0-205-75011-5
ISBN-10: 0-205-75011-7
1. Public speaking Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Ford-Brown, Lisa A. II. Title.
PN4129.15.F67 2012
808.51 dc22 2010044658
Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form
or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of
the publisher.
Printed in the United States. To obtain permission to use material from this work, please submit a written request to
Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, 501 Boylston Street, Suite 900, Boston, MA 02116, fax: [phone].
For information regarding permissions, call [phone] or e-mail: [email protected].
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 DOC 13 12 11 10
Allyn & Bacon
is an imprint of
ISBN-13: 978-0-205-75011-5
www.pearsonhighered.com ISBN-10: 0-205-75011-7
A01_FORD0115_01_SE_FM.indd 4 11/20/10 12:31 AM
Preface The inspiration for this book was a 2008 study
by a leading research institution concluding
that students use a textbook for less than
15 percent of their study time for their public
speaking course. The picture that emerged
from 25 hours of interviews and more than
300 diary entries was this: Although students
found textbooks to be useful when studying
for quizzes, they did not nd them at all useful
for guidance while developing their speeches.
As a result, DK Guide to Public Speaking
was created to give students the practical
information and examples they seek right
up front, supported with the concepts and
theories instructors know students need.
To test students experiences, usability
studies were commissioned for this text.
Students from two- and four-year colleges
used DK Guide to Public Speaking for tasks
such as creating oral citations, evaluating
central ideas (thesis statements), and locating
and selecting sources. These studies resulted
in many hours of video feedback that helped
hone the text in areas students nd most
challenging in creating a speech.
The insights of more than 300 public
speaking instructors, including a Faculty
Advisory Board of nearly 50, ensure the text
meets the needs of students and faculty in a
conceptually, theoretically, and pedagogically
sound way.
Combining its comprehensive coverage
with the powerfully visual DK design, the
student- and instructor-tested DK Guide to
Public Speaking offers an easy-to-navigate
resource with dynamic visuals, current
examples, and concise instruction that will
equip students with the tools and con dence
to be effective speakers.
* See pages vi xi for highlights and features
of the book.
PREFACE v
A01_FORD0115_01_SE_FM.indd 5 11/20/10 12:31 AM
Origins of DK Guide
to Public Speaking
Extensive student feedback
Student diary studies and usability testing highlighted the
challenging areas that students need their public speaking
text to address and demonstrated how the design of the
material could help. Students emphasized that they look for
practical information and easy-to- nd examples to provide
them with the guidance they want, when they need it
most during their speech preparation.
Thorough instructor Expert collaboration
reviews To create this vision, DK Guide to Public Speaking paired an
Focus groups, editorial award-winning public speaking teacher with one
reviews, and ongoing of the worlds leading
THE HIERARCHY OF NEEDS MONRO
feedback from the Self-actualization needs guidebook designers.
relate to the need to
reach your highest goal or
Faculty Advisory potential. ACTUNSAEELELIDZFAS TION Working in tandem with
Board helped to ensure Stboee itlnhf-gee vnsiteeeewedem fdo nrb ryee eospdthesec rrtes ol aarts e SELNFEEESDTSE EM the publisher, this team took signi cant
the text facilitates ifmeeplionrgt agnoto, wd haibcohu let aodnse tsoe lf. course content and developed it into an
SOCIAL NEEDS
the conceptual and Social needs relate to engaging visual presentation.
theoretical outcomes for tohr et on ebeed in t ola bsteinlogn g SAFETY NEEDS
relationships, such
as intimate partnerships,
public speaking. fsroiecniadl sghriopusp, fsa.milies, and PHYSNIOELEODGS ICAL
THE HIERARCHY OF NEEDS MONROES MOTIVATED SEQUENCE
Self-actualization needs
relate to the need to ATTENTION STAGE
rpeoatcehn tyioalu. r highest goal or ACTUNSAEELELIZDFAS TION ayYtootuuer nd ttioiroepncic tt .oyowuarr dau ydoiue nacneds
Self-esteem needs relate
tboe itnhge vnieeewde fdo rb rye osptheecrts o ars SELNFEEESDTSE EM
ifmeeplionrgt agnoto, wd haibcohu let aodnse tsoe lf. SOCIAL NEEDS NYaouEudE ideDne mcSeTo tAnhGsattEr athtee yto h yaovuer o ne
Social needs relate to of the needs in the hierarchy.
tohr et on ebeed in t ola bsteinlogn g SAFETY NEEDS
relationships, such
afsrosie cinniatdli msghraioptuesp, pfsaa.mrtnilieerss,h aipnds, PHYSNIOEELODGS ICAL SYmoAeuTe pItS rtoFhpAeo CnseTeeI aOd .sNo lSuTtiAonG tEo
Safety needs are needs
for overall security and
protection, such as a sense
orefl asatifoentys hinip yso, ourr shhoemlteer, . VYoIuS UhAelLpI tZhAeT aIuOdNie nScTeA GE
visualize the benets of the
Physiological needs are solution.
needs for food, water, air,
general comfort, and sex.
ACTION STAGE
You tell the audience what they
must do to adopt the solution
and achieve satisfaction.
*Sfoere m Cohraep otenr u6s (inTagb M 3o) nanrode Cs hmapotteivra 1te5d ( Tab 7)
sequence to structure a persuasive speech.
WHAT ARE THE MODERN APPEALS USED TO PERSUADE?381
vi ORIGINS OF THIS BOOK
A01_FORD0115_01_SE_FM.indd 6 11/20/10 12:31 AM
Features
What Is the Creative Process for
Public Speaking?
Composing and presenting a
sypoeue vcihe wm athye s pereomce dsasu onntliyn ga sif 1 2 3 4 5
a whole, but you can break it
down into workable parts. The
poTurhatic st thcicihsaa lbr iton osfohkr owmwialslt ithohenel p t hyvroeou ub.g ahsi-c STARTING RESEARCHING CREATING PRESENTING LEIVSATLEUNAINTIGN &G
activities you will use to create a
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are speaking. Create a delivery outline to repetition and parallelism to communication process.
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1 16 OVERVIEW OF PUBLIC SPEAKING WHAT IS THE CREATIVE PROCESS FOR PUBLIC SPEAKING? 17
Designed for easy use and navigation: Tabs and process charts help students quickly
nd answers to questions on any part of the speech process or type of speaking. Blue cross-
references guide students to related sections.
What Is the Process of Public speaking is a communication process If you have the ability to carry on an ordinary
and best understood when represented as conversation, you have the ability to speak
Communicating? a model where several parts interact and publicly. The difference between public
inuence each other. speaking and everyday conversation is that
SPEAKER CGORMOUMNODN CHANNEMLE SSAGE & FEEDMBAECSSKAGE FEEDBACK AUDIENCE FNTTTTTcmsnaoearasIemawdaeneopouflnnirinoehhhhheoert hceee unendddnwhetcceeeeemie ssihnasiti covde oossileinarsamcsekevldeshneraaiddbunvpiohu be inrs vtggdsreniiesiatncbreau dutsenniehieeto ssged.cvaaaa tnsrria eggr asi keealbeoagpnoka ntn t na ir tmhrccan rrdo((nnieogecbey a gttorolefn vctdfrhh doeoatlemd efomen ishe teseensls iesiedrr hbis s isp e sciusn mdbiiconepp dv eysa,sdioettaab loncgsrri e es hguhanbstltltoodato ua hheehMenuktstsmaffcccedshcheo see eeiiaceekpomdcs eeha erea relkess,ldtefp a d s r sto m nbseasss.snpa r ttoess co i saiuchyibcsraomnuoordaooaroeno c esyogf gffttssbantnv io dhse eh dtite.lcie vlt io l nnhvs eret eheoo nwoseoafa&snot d e deeu fenrfoasaeaki hi b r ngssa crvrvtburgeFsbeeor has p neeeepypsdeepostxy .lert dyrih e eewia tonpettobaw etie edamrihgnvhtitlrnannssr atikiib eeegefn mlniotdgeccoeo ,a rah )gnase err ntect ta.s.lm)se.th h k anh iseen gde e . cpsYapruirTirsTminnseeetaou ournoh rffscsooFcsratsmTPTamudoodbduepehperiicoso ahh irrlecmtnaetceoeiesem iemmmrurveericrty e hmctnnsncuwsuaatye, iuaia mtosiptsstcoctvtlwrernmi rnea,tettpii,euteveim iaa biiaoupsga nnn,bieooeole e vnrcnindanaaukpi dtgnnuasl pivavsiessi nieecs,l k t otbvlcf itiei toiteye swwtentecdiinnthionarxsnnu oie orwaogepifaoateuoo ee gwgwsno vivpo- nll fant nd nolta. crm vicec frylher dlnemd tg focioataooelioi hkdewh eidt ns tecmnllqpnnmbaa eehmv se ea effg gsfuotprwy os erenmt rsmsaieoiu swo hia oordr da dssrr itspmamuaogeoanmtuee heeleititmh egninncecsln.nrprtearhr a,aie. ewetgtie e niratoaacttbchiktc,ed i- vsi ors h towoaoaaoaeeawtmaa es t te-tnismcn nrct btashl sow apie oye kbrdsawo ayuebremeyqtar l hea nsnc anyratee da raue capiy sudtn ntdti pnterlaoa tafnni wrel nooddeocsr olo tsnlus ai ae fituhr urt vetacca sfran mhse eneoleetseeaace a dtoea rmdrnestatt:wrt y c iist. clthtoo u h hheuswon.nc eltelfal yhti tulal .he srI. e t.
Background refers to the speakers
and the audiences identities and life
experiences.
Common ground refers to the overlap
within the speakers and audiences
identities and life experiences.
BACKGROUND
NOISE SITUATION
2 14 OVERVIEW OF PUBLIC SPEAKING WHAT IS THE PROCESS OF COMMUNICATING? 15
Presents concepts visually, supported by text: The pairing of visuals and detailed
explanations allows students to get an overview at a glance and read on for speci cs.
FEATURES vii
A01_FORD0115_01_SE_FM.indd 7 11/20/10 12:31 AM
3
PREPARATION OUTLINE FOR AN INFORMATIVE SPEECH
Relevance to audience: Yosemite has a similar efect on almost all
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106Chapter 3 LOCATING SUPPORT MATERIALS DESMONDS SPEECH107
4
How Can You 1 3
Overcome a Face Your Fear Head On Practice, Practice, Practice
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6 OVERVIEW OF PUBLIC SPEAKING HOW CAN YOU OVERCOME A FEAR OF PUBLIC SPEAKING? 7
5
Applies public speaking skills in business settings: A practical chapter on On-the-Job
Speaking (Chapter 17) offers strategies for how to create successful business presentations and
speak more effectively in meetings, interviews, and other key workplace settings.
viii FEATURES
A01_FORD0115_01_SE_FM.indd 8 11/20/10 12:31 AM
How Can You Be an Ethical 1 3 4
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8 OVERVIEW OF PUBLIC SPEAKING HOW CAN YOU BE AN ETHICAL PUBLIC SPEAKER? 9 WHAT ARE THE METHODS OF DELIVERY?251
every stage:
Building from the introductory material on ethics and avoiding
PRACTICING ETHICS
plagiarism in the Overview chapter, Practicing Ethics sections Sometimes impromptu speaking will make you feel
are integrated throughout the text to give students insights into like you are being put on the spot or asked to speak
without preparation. Remember: Most of the time you
ethical issues to keep in mind when dealing with each part of the will be asked for impromptu comments because you
are an expert on the subject or have something critical
speech process. to add. Therefore, ethically, it is your responsibility to
never make up information to sound good or to get
through the moment. Be honest.
7
7 8 3
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Tip boxes provide useful
information and advice along CHECKLIST for Evaluating a Special TIP: Responding from the Audience
the way. Occasion Speech As an audience member to a toast, if you pick up your
* Does my introduction include an attention-getter, glass at the beginning of the toast, dont put it down
credibility material, statement of relevance, and until the end. You should always raise your glass and
preview? sip some liquid, or you will appear impolite or seem to
* Does the body of my speech have an appropriate suggest that you dont agree with the toast.
organizational strategy and supported main points?
* Is my language clear, vivid, and appropriate?
* Does my conclusion include a summary, an audience
reaction statement, and a WOW ending?
* Is the length of my speech appropriate?
* Is my delivery dynamic and enthusiastic? If appropriate,
am I delivering the speech extemporaneously? Do I
8 maintain almost constant eye contact?
Highlights how to evaluate speeches: A unique chapter on Evaluating Speeches
(Chapter 12) teaches students how to better evaluate and critique their own work and that of
others. In addition, chapters on subjects such as informative and persuasive speaking offer
further tips on evaluating speci c types of speeches and messages.
FEATURES ix
A01_FORD0115_01_SE_FM.indd 9 11/20/10 12:31 AM