Table Of ContentPACIFLIINCG UISTICS
C
Series- 1 14
DnNANGA ND DJINBA - AG RAMMATICALA ND
mSTORICAPLE RSPECTIVE
BrucEe. W aters
DepartmeonftL inguistics
ResearScchh ooolfP acifSitcu dies
THE AUSTRALIANN ATIONALU NIVERSITY
Waters, B.E. Djinang and Djinba A Grammatical and Historical Perspective.
C-114, xvi + 421 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1989. DOI:10.15144/PL-C114.cover
©1989 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative.
PACIFILCI NGUISTIiCsiS s sutehdr outghheL inguiCsitriccol feC anberarnadc onsiosft s
fousre ries:
SERIEAS: OccasiPoanpaelr s SERIECS: B ooks
SERIEBS: M onographs SERIESD :S pecPiualb lications
FOUNDINEGD ITORS:. AW.u nn
EDITORIBAOLA RD:T .ED.u ttoMn.,DR .o ss, TDr.yTo.n
EDITORIAADLV ISERS:
B.WB.ender H.MPc.K aughan
UniveorfHs aiwtayi i UniveorfHs aiwtayi i
DavBirdad ley P.M iihlhl1usler
LaT roUben iversity BonUdn iversity
MichaCelly nGe. G.NO'.G rady
MonaUsnhi versity UniveorfVs iicttyBo .rCi.a ,
S.EHl.b ert A.KP.aw ley
UniveorfHs aiwtayi i UniveorfAs uictkyl and
KJF.r alnikn K.LPi.k e
SummIenrs toifLt iuntgeu istics SummIenrs tiotfLu itneg uistics
W.WG.l over E.CPo.l ome
SummIenrs toifLt iuntgeu istics UniveorfTs eixtays
G.WG.race GilSlainakno ff
UniveorfHs aiwtayi i Univeorfs niPntesyy lvania
M.A.HKa.l liday W.A.SLt.o khof
UniveorfSs yidtnye y UniveorfLs eiitdye n
E.H augen B.KT'.s ou
HarvUarndi versity CiPtoyl ytoecfHh onniKgco ng
A.H ealey E.MU.h Ienbeck
Summer IonfLs itnigtuuitset ics UniveorfLs eiitdye n
L.AH.e rcus J.w.VMe.rh aar
AustrNaaltiiaUonnn iavle rsity DivWionreId n stMiatduatneg,
JohLny nch ClV.oo rhoeve
UniveorPfsa iptNuyea wG uinea UniveorfLs eiitdye n
K.AM.c Elhanon
SummIenrs toifLt iuntgeu istics
Allc orresponcdoenncceern iPnAgC IFILCI NGUISTIiCnSc,l udoirndgea rnsds ubscriptions,
shoubel add dressed to:
PACIFILCI NGUISTICS
DepartomfeL nitn guistics
ReseaSrcchho oofPl a ciSfitcu dies
TheA ustralian UNnaitvieornsailt y
.C anberAr.aC,.2 T6.10
Australia
Copyri©g ThhteA uthor FirPsutb lis1h89e9d
TypesbeyAt n ne Rees Mapdsr awbnyT heBoa umann
PrinbtyeA d. N.PUr.i ntSienrgv ice Bounbdy A driaBtoiock binPdteLyrt sd
Thee ditaorreis n debttoet dh Aeu straNlaitaino Unnailv erfsoiarts ys istiantn hcpeer oduction
oft hisse ries
Thipsu blicwaatismo and peo ssibbyal nei nitgiraaflnr to tmh Heu ntDeoru glFausn d
ISS0N0 787-558 ISBN0 858833921
TABLEO FC ONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vi
ABBREVIATIONS vii
MAPS
MAP 1: Locatioonft hDej inapnego polfte h Neo rthern Territory, Australiixa
MAP 2:N eighboulrainnggub aoguen daries x
MAP 3:D jinacnlgat ne rritories xi
MAP 4:D jinasnmgoo tahn dd isjundcitiavlee cts xii
MAPS: Djinadnegi cftiocr ms xii
MAP 6: Djinanmgo ieties xiii
INTRODUCTION xiv
CHAPTER1 :P HONOLOGY 1
1.1 Phonemaensdf eatures 1
12. Phonefrmeeq uencies 4
13. Djinadnigal ects 11
1.4 Consoncalnuts ters 13
CHAPTE2R: W ORD CLASSEASN DC ASE 18
21. Descrimpodteilv e 18
2.2 Wordc lasses 21
2.3 Casmea rkers 25
2.4 Pronoaunndsc ase 30
2.5 Deictiacnsdc ase 37
2.6 Interrogativper/oinnodauennftdcsn a istee 43
2.7 Ergatmiavreki ng 48
2.8 Transiatinvdis teym anrtiocl e 54
2.9 AccusaatinvdDe a tivcea ses 61
21.0 Allaticvaes e 67
21.1 Ablaticvaes e 68
21.2 Locaticvaes e 72
21.3 Originactiavsee 76
2.14 Perlactiavsee 79
2.15 Genitciavsee 80
111
IV
CHAPTE3R :N ON-CASMEO RPHOLOGAYN DM INORW ORD CLASSES 83
3.1 ProprieAtliiveen,aa bnldPe ri,v ataifvfiex es 83
3.2 PlurPaalu,c Eaxlc,e ssainvdDe y,a daifcf ixes 86
3.3 ArchetyIpnahla,b iatnadTn hte,m aPtirco mineanfficxee s 89
3.4 ¥i..n.shPirpo prieKtiinGv reo,ua pf fiaxnedps a rtgicujlduew 95
3.5 DeicatincdE mphasaifsfi xes 97
3.6 Definiatfefi Ixn,d efianfifitaxen, dF rampea rticlet/iecl i 99
3.7 Contrasctliivatienc dC, o mpletafafix/ptivea rticle 130
3.8 Word-fvmoawle al;D u ratiavnedV ocative 121
3.9 OwnerB,e yon-dm,i naynd - pnigi()a ffixes 171
3.10 Derived avnedDr ibsstri butriedvuep lication 181
3.11 Derivneodu nasn dn ominaliser 127
3.12 Adverbs 192
31.3 Auxilviearrbys 131
3.14 Reducperdo nouns 136
3.15D irectiboiHn iatlhsae nrdm injyiTd hither 104
3.16N egatives 146
3.17 ReciprocaVreflexive/mutpuartiaclliiesn /jyiidn transitiviser 174
3.18C ollecntiovuemn a la 125
3.19 Particlaensdl inks 145
3.02 TemporFaolc ucsl i-tibca 'nn ow''t,h en' 106
CHAPTE4R :V ERBM ORPHOLOGYA NDT IIEF UNCTIONOSF
VERBALI NFLECTIONS 166
41. Vercbo njugactliaosns es 176
4.2 Djinvbear mbo rphology 171
4.3 Functioofvn esri bn flections 177
4.4 Future 181
4.5 Presceonntt inaunodyu ess terday past 158
4.6 Pasitn flectiroenmso:pt aes tto,d ay pastp,a scrtoe nmtiontueao nudts o dapya st
continuous 188
4.7 Imperaatinvdpe r esenpta sairtnreali ds inflections 191
CHAPTER5 :S YNTAX 159
5.1 Nounp hrases 159
5.2 Thev ercbo mplex 200
5.3 Thec lause 202
5.4 Verblcelsasu ses 209
5.5 Senteanncdhe i ghleerv els 212
TEXTS 218
Tex2t2 (l\1aarnrarrba) 219
Tex2t4 (Malan.gi) 222
Tex3t2 (l\1urrurirl) 231
Tex3t4 (Gigarri) 241
v
APPENDIX 1: Dialevcarita tiobentsw eenD jinacnlga ns 248
APPENDIX 2: Diffusiiontn h wee steYrno lngaure a 275
APPENDIX 3: Djinang-Djinba (Ganalbingu) comparative diction2a9ry0
APPENDIX 4: Djinba-Djrienvaenrgcs oemdp aratidviec tionary 353
APPENDIX 5: SomeD jinsbean tednacteaa n dt ext 381
BmLIOORAPHY 404
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Thek inadn dg enerhoeulsop ft hAeb origpienoaplal tRe a mingiannidan dgj acent oiust stations
gratefauclklnyo wledIgnpe artidc.u lIaw ro ulmde ntimoynp rinctiepaaclh Mearnsb:a rrGairgraar,r i,
Merritji, Malana.ngdMi i,l pMuirlrIuhu rarrvraue.l r sbroe nefictoends idefrraobtmlh ywe o rdko ne
onD japbuy F rancMeosr phy. Prsetvuidoiiunets sh aer ebay L oweS,c hebeAclkp,h eHre,a th,
BuchanMacnK,a ya ndC apehlalv ael scoo ntribumtaendyh elpifnusli gahntdus s efdualt aM.y
thangkost oD rH .JK.o cahn dP roRf..M .WD.i xofno ern couragaenmdhe enltp cfoumlm enMtys .
thanaklsst oom yw ifGel enaynsdt om yd aughtfeobrres a ringa h wuistbhaa nnddf athwehrow asa
virtrueacll fuossree vemroanlt hIsw .o uladl sloi kteot haJnak nEezta rfdoh re hre lpcfoumlm enotns
thed ramfatn uscrainpdft o,hr e rw orikn r ewritanidni gm provtihneig n telliogfip bairlotifst y
Chapt1e.r
vi
ABBREVIATIONS
A agen(ts yntactic context)D jn Djinang
ABL ablat(icvaes e) du duanlu mber
ABS absolu(ticvaes e) DUR durati(vfem avlo wel
ACC accusative (case) lengthening, biyn. d.)i. c ated
ALIEN alienable proprietive (DaYfAfiDx ) kin dyadi(ca ffix)
ALL allati(vcea se)
EMPH emphas(iasf fix)
ARCHE archety(paaflfi x.)
ERG ergative (case)
ASSOC associati(vcea se) n(odtoo cecsu r
ESS ('essiivnee ar'l ipeurb lications,
inD jinaonrgD jinba)
reanalynsoewda sK INPROP)
AUX auxili(avreyr b)
exc exclus(iovafed dressee)
BEY 'beyon(da'ff ix) EXCE excess(iafvfixe )
Bro brother EXCL exclus(iavfef (iaxc)t ually,
reduplicOaRt ceads e)
C consonant
EXIST existeanstipael(c atu xiliary)
CAU causiti(vcea se)
CAUS causitive (verbal affixF)a father
Ch child FACT factit(ivveer baalf fIX)
COL collec(tinvoem inpaartilc le) FRAME constituent-frpaartimcilneg/ clitic
(affix)
COMIT' comitative FUT futu(rien flection)
COMPL completa(tipvartiec le/affIX)
GEN geniti(vcea se)
CONTR contrasti(vaef fIX)
G-DIR goal-directed
CRE complerxe fereenxtiparels sion
G-TERM goal-terminative
(seroifej su xtapoNsPesd)
HABIT habitausaple (catu xiliary)
DAT dativ(ec ase)
HAST hastitaisvpee (catu xiliary)
Da daughter
HITH 'hithdeirr'e ctiopnaarlt icle
DEF anaphodreifcm ite (affIX)
(affix) HU human
DEIC deictic
DELIM delimitfautinvceti (oonTf HPRO IMP imperati(vien flection)
clitic) inc inclus(iovafed dressee)
DIRECT directio(npaartilc le) INCHO inchoati(vaef fIX)
DIS distribu(tirveed uplication)I NCOM incomplet(aptiartivcel e)
dj Djadiwictjliabni INDEF indefin(iaftfixe )
Dj Djuwin(gm oiety) INHAB inhabi(taanftfi x)
Djb Djinba INSTR instrumen(tcaals e)
vii
viii
INTENS inten(saifvflex /particle)R PI remoptaesi tr re(ailnifsl ection)
INTER] interjection S subj(escytn tcaocnttiecx t)
INTERM intermaistptee(cnattu xiliarys)g singunluamrb er
INTERR interrogativep/irnodneoflunni Stie sister
10 indiorbejcet(c sty ntcaocnttiecx tS)o son
Irreg irreg(uvlearrb )
SPEC speci(fIoscrp ecinfalmce d)
KINGRP kignr oup (afflx) loca(laiftfIyx )
KINPROP kinsphriopp ri(eatfiflvxe)
TEMP tempofruanlc titoenm;p oral
LOC locati(vcea se) mark(eordn e icsttiecmc )a;si en
othYeo rl nglua nguages
Mo mother
TF temporal( cfloic(tuwishc a)t
NEG negati(vpearti cle) Morphcya l'lIsM mediate')
NF non-fl(naainlv oweclh anges THEMSR themati(sveerr abfafllx )
toa ) TmTH 'thither' directpiarotniacll e
NMLSR nominaliser THPRO themaptriocm ine(ncclei tic)
NOM nomina(ticvaes e) TPA todapays (ti nflection)
NP noupnh rase TPC todpaays cto ntinu(oiunsfl ection)
TPI todpaays itrr ea(liinsfl ection)
0 obje(csty cnttciaco ntext)
TRVSR transitiviser
OBL oblique (afflx)
OR origin(actaisvee) UNM unmark(euds teodi ndicfaotrem s
OWN owne(ra ffIx) inc itaftioornm )
PAUC paucnaulm be(ra ffii.x'e)a.f e w' V vowel
PERF perfec(tipvaer ticle) VC vercbo mplex
PERL perlative (case) VOC vocativ(ew ord-vflonwaell
pI plurnaulm ber( semantic change)
category) Y Yirrmiotjiae ty
PL plurnaulm be(ra fflx) YPA yesterda(yi npflaesctt ion)
POT poten(tDijailvn ebraib n flection)Y PC yestepradsactyo ntinuous
PRES presceonntt in(uionuflse ction) (inflec)ti on
PRI presiernrte (ailnifsl ection) YPI yestepradsaityr re(ailnifsl ection)
PRIV priva(tiavfefl x)
as eparianct hoarr ascetqeure nces
PROG progreassspiev(ceat u xiliary)
whetnh ecyo ulodt herwbies e
PROM promine(nacfefl x)
interpreted ambiguously
PROP propri(eatifvflex )
PURP purpos(imvoerp hological + morphemboeu ndary
construction) (portmanotrue nacul eoartr h)e;
positivvael oufea f eature
RAMBL rambliatisvpee( catu xiliary)
RECIP reciprocaVreflexive/mutualis/m orphebomuen dary
intransiti(vpiasretri cle) (unambigourot uhsne)e ;g ative
REDUP reduplication valoufea f eature
RED-PRO reducperdo noun
1 firspte rson
RPA remoptaes (ti nflection)
RPC remoptaesc to ntinuous 2 secopnedr son
(inflection)
3 thipredr son
ARAFURA SEA
. -
GULF
OF
CARPENTARIA
o 100
, ' .
Kilometres,
MAP 1:L OCAn ONO FT HE DJINANG PEOOPFTL HEE NORTHERTNE RRIYTO,AR USTRALIA
IX
x
o 10 20
, , , ARAFURA SEA
Kilometres
..........
RITHARRNGU
�
MAP 2:N EIGHBOULRINAGN GUABGOEU NDARIES
