Table Of ContentLecture Notes in Networks and Systems 382
Alexiei Dingli · Alexander Pfeiffer ·
Alesha Serada · Mark Bugeja ·
Stephen Bezzina Editors
Disruptive
Technologies in
Media, Arts and
Design
A Collection of Innovative Research
Case-Studies that Explore the Use
of Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain
within the Media, Arts and Design Sector
Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems
Volume 382
SeriesEditor
JanuszKacprzyk,SystemsResearchInstitute,PolishAcademyofSciences,
Warsaw,Poland
AdvisoryEditors
FernandoGomide,DepartmentofComputerEngineeringandAutomation—DCA,
SchoolofElectricalandComputerEngineering—FEEC,UniversityofCampinas—
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OkyayKaynak,DepartmentofElectricalandElectronicEngineering,
BogaziciUniversity,Istanbul,Turkey
DerongLiu,DepartmentofElectricalandComputerEngineering,University
ofIllinoisatChicago,Chicago,USA
InstituteofAutomation,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing,China
WitoldPedrycz,DepartmentofElectricalandComputerEngineering,Universityof
Alberta,Alberta,Canada
SystemsResearchInstitute,PolishAcademyofSciences,Warsaw,Poland
MariosM.Polycarpou,DepartmentofElectricalandComputerEngineering,
KIOSResearchCenterforIntelligentSystemsandNetworks,UniversityofCyprus,
Nicosia,Cyprus
ImreJ.Rudas,ÓbudaUniversity,Budapest,Hungary
JunWang,DepartmentofComputerScience,CityUniversityofHongKong,
Kowloon,HongKong
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· ·
Alexiei Dingli Alexander Pfeiffer
· ·
Alesha Serada Mark Bugeja Stephen Bezzina
Editors
Disruptive Technologies
in Media, Arts and Design
A Collection of Innovative Research
Case-Studies that Explore the Use
of Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain
within the Media, Arts and Design Sector
Editors
AlexieiDingli AlexanderPfeiffer
DepartmentofArtificialIntelligence EmergentTechnologiesLab
FacultyofICT Danube-UniversityKrems
UniversityofMalta Vienna,Austria
Msida,Malta
MarkBugeja
AleshaSerada DepartmentofArtificialIntelligence
SchoolofMarketingandCommunication InstituteofClimateChangeandSustainable
UniversityofVaasa Development
Vaasa,Finland UniversityofMalta
Msida,Malta
StephenBezzina
DepartmentofArtificialIntelligence
FacultyofICT
UniversityofMalta
Msida,Malta
ISSN2367-3370 ISSN2367-3389 (electronic)
LectureNotesinNetworksandSystems
ISBN978-3-030-93779-9 ISBN978-3-030-93780-5 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93780-5
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Preface
Disruptionofthealreadyestablishedpatternsanddesignshasbeenthemajorcreative
impulsebehindmanytechnologicalbreakthroughstoday.Thisanthologyintroduces
aselectednumberofthelatestartificialintelligenceandblockchainusecasesapplied
tothemedia,artsanddesignsector.Theinspirationbehindthisbookoriginatedfrom
theannualMedia,ArtsandDesignConferencethatstartedbackin2019,bringing
together the transcontinental community of researchers, educators and engineers.
Growing from this cooperation, the contents of this book draw from the MAD
Blockchain2020andMADArtificialIntelligence2020conferencesthatcontinued
to gather industry and academic professionals from a broad spectrum of creative
andscientificfieldsofstudy.Theworkthattheypresentedexploredblockchainand
artificialintelligenceinthecontextofdigitalgames.
This publication is divided into two parts that cover two aforementioned major
fieldsofinnovation.Initially,severalblockchainitemsarepresented,followedbya
showcaseofAIusecasesandresearch.Part1highlightsuniqueaspectsofblockchain
technologyanddiscussescasestudiesthatunderlinehowblockchaintechnologycan
beusedingames,educationandsocietyingeneral.JoshuaEllulandGordonJ.Pace
combine the capabilities of blockchain and the classical design of Nomic game to
generateinsightsaboutself-regulatingorganizationsofplayers.DanielKrafttackles
thechallengeofblockchainscalabilitybydecouplingthegamestatefromthecore
network.AcollaborationbetweenseveralAustrianuniversitiesandcompanies,repre-
sentedbyThomasWernbacherandhiscolleagues,presentstheresultsofdeveloping
andtestingablockchain-basedapplicationthatgamifiesreportingonwasteheatin
thecity.AndreThomasandAlexanderPfeifferpresenttheprototypeoftheireduca-
tionalgameonblockchainthatenhanceslearningexperienceinthehistoryofarts.
J. Tuomas Harviainen, Alesha Serada and Tanja Sihvonen collaborate to present
themultidimensionalpictureofblockchaintechnologiesincommercialgamesand
virtual worlds. Zooming into particular design challenges of such games, Alesha
Serada evaluates blockchain technologies as the basis for fairness in play. Finally,
Tanja Sihvonen, Merja Koskela and Liisa Kääntä describe the results of linguistic
analysisperformedonthetopicsofblockchainandartificialintelligenceinFinnish
journalistictexts.
v
vi Preface
Artificial intelligence has gained a lot of prominence in the last decade, and it
would be very unlikely to meet someone who has not heard of it. The scalability
withwhichartificialintelligencehasgrownisattributedtodecadesofpreviouswork
pushedbymachinelearningpioneerssuchasGeofferyHinton,YoshuaBengioand
YannLecun,whoseworkhasbeenactualizedthroughhardwareimprovements.The
state of the area today has led to all major industries, including the digital games
sector investing heavily into the use of artificial intelligence applied to different
facetsoftheindustry,fromautomatinggamedevelopmentprocessestodeveloping
autonomous agents that are able to challenge human players better. This part of
this anthology presents a number of technical works, such as the work presented
by Siracuse et al. and Sammut Bonnici et al., that illustrate the use of generative
adversarial networks and reinforcement learning, respectively. Neundlinger et al.
alsopresenttheirinterestingwork thatcombines virtualrealityand artificialintel-
ligence to understand the limitations of conversational artificial intelligence and
provideinsightsonhowtodesignimmersiveVRtrainingforsocialskills.Thispart
also includes work that delves into ethical issues, an area of research increasingly
becomingmorepopularastheuseofartificialintelligenceaswellasthejustification
ofhowitcomestocertainconclusionsisbeingquestionedfurther.Thispartincludes
the work presented by Adnan that explores how AI can be encompassed through
a legal framework to protect citizens from misuse and how the ethics of care can
be applied to AI. Another viewpoint on ethics and AI is also presented by Giulia
Taurino that attempts to present an approach to shape AI practice and understand
howinformationfilteringsystemstransformmediacultures.Finally,AlexanderK.
SeewaldpresentsworkexploringthefutureofAIandhowfurtherdevelopmentin
thisareawilltakeustowardartificialgeneralintelligence.
This volume is a collection of recent research that was made possible through
thecollaborationofmultipleresearchersandacademicsintheindustry.Theeditors
wouldliketotaketheopportunitytothankalltheparticipantsthatattendedtheconfer-
ence and contributed to the book proceedings. Special gratitude goes to Nicholas
JushchyshynandMichaelWagnerfromDrexelUniversity,Philadelphia,ScotOster-
weil from the MIT Education Arcade, Natalie Denk from Danube University, for
theirongoingsupportwiththeconferencesandtheanthology.
Msida,Malta MarkBugeja
Contents
Blockchain
SoliNomic:ASelf-modifyingSmartContractGameExploring
ReflexivityinLaw ................................................. 3
JoshuaEllulandGordonJ.Pace
HotCity—AGamifiedTokenSystemforReportingWasteHeat
Sources ........................................................... 15
ThomasWernbacher, AlexanderPfeiffer,
ErnstGebetsroither-Geringer, MarkoGoels, JakobWorster,
ErnstMeißner,AngelikaGraf,RomanaStollnberger,RomanGeyer,
Ralf-RomanSchmidt,andAleshaSerada
“BlockchainMayAutomateJobsDonebytheBossandAICan
PredictaHeartAttack” ............................................ 29
TanjaSihvonen,MerjaKoskela,andLiisaKääntä
Gallery Defender: Integration of Blockchain Technologies
intoaSeriousGameforAssessment:AGuidelineforFurther
Developments ..................................................... 43
AndréThomasandAlexanderPfeiffer
CryptogamesasDriversforBlockchainApplicationDevelopment ...... 55
J.TuomasHarviainen,AleshaSerada,andTanjaSihvonen
Fairness by Design: The Fair Game and the Fair Price
onaBlockchain-BasedMarketplace ................................. 63
AleshaSerada
HorizontalScalabilityofBlockchainGamesUsingtheGSPModel ..... 77
DanielKraft
vii
viii Contents
AI
ACriticismoftheTechnologicalSingularity ......................... 91
AlexanderK.Seewald
Algorithms,EthicsandJustice ...................................... 121
AdnanHadzi
Training Social Skills in Virtual Reality Machine Learning
asaProcessofCo-Creation ......................................... 139
KlausNeundlinger, MichaelMühlegger, SimoneKriglstein,
ThomasLayer-Wagner,andGeorgRegal
TheBrokennessinOurRecommendationSystems:Computational
ArtforanEthicalUseofA.I. ....................................... 157
GiuliaTaurino
Exploring Reinforcement Learning: A Case Study Applied
tothePopularSnakeGame ......................................... 169
RussellSammutBonnici,ChantelleSaliba,GiuliaElenaCaligari,
andMarkBugeja
An Approach Towards Architecture-Independent Output
for Generative Networks: Texturing Aerial Town Maps
forRoleplayingGames ............................................. 193
GianfrancoSiracusa,DylanSeychell,andMarkBugeja
AuthorIndex ...................................................... 221
Blockchain
