Disorders of Menstruation

207 Pages·2011·14.6 MB·English

by  Paul Marshburn

Disorders of Menstruation
Disorders of Menstruation, 1st edition. Edited by Paul B. Marshburn and Bradley S. Hurst.
© 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. ISBN: 978-1-444-33277-3
gynecology in practice: series editor aydin arici
Disorders of Menstruation
edited by
Paul B. Marshburn MD
Director of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility
Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility,
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Carolinas Medical Center,
Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
Bradley S. Hurst MD
Director, Program for Assisted Reproduction
Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility,
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Carolinas Medical Center,
Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Disorders of menstruation / edited by Paul B. Marshburn, Bradley S. Hurst.
p. ; cm. – (Gynecology in practice)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4443-3277-3 (pbk. : alk. paper)
1. Menstruation disorders. I. Marshburn, Paul B. II. Hurst, Bradley S. III. Series: Gynecology in
practice.
[DNLM: 1. Menstruation Disturbances–pathology. 2. Menstrual Cycle–physiology. WP 550]
RG161.D57 2011
618.1'72–dc22
2010036449
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
This book is published in the following electronic formats: ePDF 9781444391800; Wiley Online Library
9781444391824; ePub 9781444391817
Set in 8.75/11.75 pt Utopia by Toppan Best-set Premedia Limited
01 2011
Contents
Series Foreword vi
Dedications vii
Contributors viii
1 Overview: Disorders of Menstruation 1
Paul B. Marshburn and Bradley S. Hurst
2 Prepubertal Genital Bleeding 10
Kristin M. Rager, Preeti P. Matkins, and Tara M. Vick
3 Irregular Vaginal Bleeding and Amenorrhea During the Pubertal Years 19
Bradley S. Hurst
4 Menstrual Disorders During the Reproductive Years 43
Michelle L. Matthews
5 Abnormal Menstrual Bleeding in Hyperandrogenic Ovulatory Dysfunction 62
Rebecca S. Usadi
6 Abnormal Uterine Bleeding due to Anatomic Causes: Diagnosis 86
Bradley S. Hurst
7 Abnormal Uterine Bleeding due to Anatomic Causes: Treatment 108
Bradley S. Hurst
8 Infrequent Menstrual Bleeding and Amenorrhea During the
Reproductive Years 124
Paul B. Miller
9 Menstrual Cycle-related Clinical Disorders 139
Paul B. Marshburn
10 Irregular Bleeding During the Menopause Transition 153
Isiah D. Harris and William D. Schlaff
11 Postmenopausal Bleeding 166
Karen D. Bradshaw and David Tait
Index 184
Colour plate section can be found facing page 88.
v
Series Foreword
In recent decades, massive advances in medical gifted clinicians to address many relevant clini-
science and technology have caused an explo- cal questions in their chapters. The fi rst volumes
sion of information available to the practitioner. in the series are on Chronic Pelvic Pain, one of
In the modern information age, it is not unusual the most challenging problems in gynecology,
for physicians to have a computer in their offi ces Disorders of Menstruation , I nfertility, and Con-
with the capability of accessing medical data- traception. These will be followed by volumes
bases and literature searches. On the other hand, on Sexually Transmitted Diseases , Menopause ,
however, there is always a need for concise, read- Urinary Incontinence, Endoscopic Surgeries , and
able, and highly practicable written resources. Fibroids , to name a few. I would like to express
The purpose of this series is to fulfi ll this need in my gratitude to all the editors and authors, who,
the fi eld of gynecology. despite their other responsibilities, have contrib-
The Gynecology in Practice series aims to uted their time, effort, and expertise to this series.
present practical clinical guidance on effective Finally, I greatly appreciate the support of the
patient care for the busy gynecologist. The goal staff at Wiley- Blackwell for their outstanding
of each volume is to provide an evidence - based editorial competence. My special thanks go to
approach for specifi c gynecologic problems. Martin Sugden, PhD; without his vision and per-
“ Evidence at a glance ” features in the text provide severance, this series would not have come to life.
summaries of key trials or landmark papers that My sincere hope is that this novel and exciting se-
guide practice, and a selected bibliography at the ries will serve women and their physicians well,
end of each chapter provides a springboard for and will be part of the diagnostic and therapeutic
deeper reading. Even with a practical approach, armamentarium of practicing gynecologists.
it is important to review the crucial basic science
necessary for effective diagnosis and manage- Aydin Arici, MD
ment. This is reinforced by “ Science revisited ” Professor
boxes that remind readers of crucial anatomic, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and
physiologic or pharmacologic principles for Reproductive Sciences
practice. Yale University School of Medicine
Each volume is edited by outstanding interna- New Haven, USA
tional experts who have brought together truly
vi
Dedications
This book is dedicated to my wife Nancy and my I have been fortunate to work with many of
sons Aaron and Jonathan. the leaders in obstetrics, gynecology and repro-
I owe a great debt to my mentors for their ductive endocrinology during my career. My
instruction, guidance, and inspiration. These approach to medicine, surgery, patient care, and
leaders include: Arthur “ Cap ” Haney, Charles B. teaching has been profoundly infl uenced by
Hammond, Bruce R. Carr, Paul C. MacDonald, each, beginning with my brilliant and inspira-
and Wallace C. Nunley, Jr. tional mentor in medical school, Dr. Griff Ross.
I am grateful to Aydin Arici for the opportunity As important as these have been in shaping my
to edit this book and for the example of his intel- career, my wife Linda has helped me immeasur-
ligence and inquisitive nature. ably and unwaveringly since college. I dedicate
Paul B. Marshburn, M.D. this book to my wife, mentors, friends, and family,
including my beautiful daughters Kelly and Lisa.
All have enriched my life and career.
Bradley S. Hurst, M.D.
vii
Contributors
Karen D. Bradshaw, MD, Strauss Chair in Medical Group, Greenville Hospital System,
Women ’ s Health and Medical Director of the Greenville, South Carolina; GHS Associate
Lowe Foundation Center for Women ’ s Professor of Clinical Obstetrics and
Preventative Healthcare, Division of Gynecology, University of South Carolina
Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Medical School, Columbia, South Carolina,
Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of USA
Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas,
Dallas, Texas, USA Kristin M. Rager, MD, MPH, Director of
Adolescent Medicine, Department of
Isiah D. Harris, MD, Instructor and Clinical Pediatrics, Levine Children ’ s Hospital at
Fellow, Advanced Reproductive Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center, Teen Health
University of Colorado Health Sciences Connection, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
William D. Schlaff, MD, Professor and Director
Jennifer Kulp, MD, Clinical Instructor and of Reproductive Endocrinology, University of
Fellow in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora,
of Reproductive Endocrinology, Yale Colorado, USA
University School of Medicine, New Haven,
Connecticut, USA David Tait, MD, Associate Director, Division of
Gynecologic Oncology, Department of
Preeti P. Matkins, MD, Director of Child Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carolinas Medical
Maltreatment, Department of Pediatrics, Center, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
Levine Children ’ s Hospital at Carolinas
Medical Center, Teen Health Connection, Rebecca S. Usadi, MD, Associate Director,
Charlotte, North Carolina, USA Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility,
Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and
Michelle L. Matthews, MD, Associate Director, Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and
Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Gynecology, Carolinas Medical Center,
Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carolinas Medical Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
Center, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
Tara M. Vick, MD, Director of Ambulatory Care,
Paul B. Miller, MD, Director of In Vitro Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Fertilization, Division of Reproductive Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North
Endocrinology and Infertility, University Carolina, USA
viii
Plate 2.4 Urethral prolapse. Plate 3.6 L aparoscopic image of nonfunctional
rudimentary uterine horns with normal ovaries.
Plate 4.5 E ndometrial polyps as visualized by
hysteroscopy.
Plate 2.5 L ichen sclerosis et atrophicus.
Disorders of Menstruation, 1st edition. Edited by Paul B. Marshburn and Bradley S. Hurst.
© 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. ISBN: 978-1-444-33277-3
Plate 5.6 L aparoscopic ovarian drilling.
Plate 5.2 F acial hirsutism.
Plate 5.4 A canthosis nigricans.
Plate 7.2 H ysteroscopic fi nding of an
endometrial polyp .
(a)
Plate 7.3 H ysteroscopic myomectomy .
(b)
Plate 8.2 A canthosis nigricans of (a) the neck
and (b) the axilla. Reproduced from (a)
www.fromyourdoctor.com and (b) webmd.com.
Plate 7.5 L aparoscopic myomectomy initial
incision .
Plate 7.6 L aparoscopic myomectomy
placement of an adhesion barrier .