Table Of ContentDISNEYIZATION OF DRUG USE
Disneyization of Drug Use ofers an innovative, ground-up understanding of the
atypical patterns of illegal drug use that often permeate multi-day party zones
such as nightlife tourist resorts and music festivals.
Drawing on ethnographic research conducted over three summers in Ibiza,
the book contextualizes the drug and alcohol-related experiences of tourists and
seasonal workers operating in the island’s infamously hedonistic party spaces.
Through an innovative application of Alan Bryman’s (2004) seminal work, The
Disneyization of Society, the book argues how the same marketing principles
that generate consumption in the legal economy of Disney theme parks also
drives illicit drug use in Ibiza and music festivals, where the line between legal
and illegal substances rapidly blurs to the point of collapse. This highly innova-
tive book ofers rich insights into the complex interplay between drug and alco-
hol use, agency, pleasure, risk, consumerism, and social context.
It will be of great appeal to academics and students interested in the felds of
cultural criminology, deviant leisure, drug and alcohol studies, youth culture,
and ethnographic research methods.
Tim Turner is an Assistant Professor of Criminology at Coventry University.
His research interests focus on atypical patterns of drug and alcohol use in music
festivals and other party zones. He is a volunteer research ofcer with The Loop,
a ground-breaking service providing drug checking and harm reduction inter-
ventions within music festivals and city centres. Prior to his academic career,
Tim was employed as a Forensic Mental Health Nurse in Camden Town, north
London, working with violent mentally disordered ofenders in the community,
prisons, secure units, and police stations.
Drugs, Crime and Society
Series Editors: Jack Spicer and Mark Monaghan
This new series will be a natural home for research on the topic of drugs and
crime, bringing together original, innovative and topical books that, broadly
conceived, address the role and impact of drugs and drugs policy on crime, crim-
inality the criminal justice system and its agents. Aiming to showcase cutting
edge theory and research in the area, it will serve as a focal point around which
the field can continue to develop and flourish. Welcoming both research mono-
graphs and edited volumes, the series will serve as an outlet for exceptional early
career researchers, established scholars and productive collaborations between
those working in the field, across the globe.
The Cannabis Social Club
Mafalda Pardal
Cannabis Criminology
Johannes Wheeldon and Jon Heidt
Disneyization of Drug Use
Understanding Atypical Intoxication in Party Zones
Tim Turner
DISNEYIZATION OF
DRUG USE
Understanding Atypical
Intoxication in Party Zones
Tim Turner
Cover image: Tim Turner
First published 2023
by Routledge
4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2023 Tim Turner
The right of Tim Turner to be identified as author of this work has been
asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs
and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced
or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other
means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and
recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without
permission in writing from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks
or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and
explanation without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Turner, Tim, 1970- author.
Title: Disneyization of drug use : understanding atypical intoxication in
party zones / Tim Turner.
Description: Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY :
Routledge, 2022. |
Series: Drugs, crime and society | Includes bibliographical references
and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2022037158 (print) | LCCN 2022037159 (ebook) |
ISBN 9780367743727 (hardback) | ISBN 9780367743734 (paperback) |
ISBN 9781003157533 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Music festival attendees—Drug use. | Parties. | Drug traffic—
Social aspects.
Classification: LCC HV5824.M87 T87 2022 (print) | LCC HV5824.M87
(ebook) | DDC 306/.1—dc23/eng/20220819
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022037158
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022037159
ISBN: 978-0-367-74372-7 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-0-367-74373-4 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-003-15753-3 (ebk)
DOI: 10.4324/9781003157533
Typeset in Bembo
by codeMantra
For Jude, Scarlett, and Seb
In memory of Ann Turner (1938–2020)
CONTENTS
Acknowledgements ix
1 Introduction 1
Drugs and Disneyization in the Secondary World 2
Ibiza: Secondary World, Par Excellence 3
The Research Lens 3
The Structure of the Book 4
2 The Call of the Wild: Drugs, Pleasure, and Escape 8
Introduction 8
Nightlife Tourism: Going Wild in the Secondary World 8
Drugs and Pleasure: The Great Unmentionable 14
Drugs, Pleasure, and Social Context 20
Conclusion 22
3 Messy Methods, Dirty Knowledge 26
Introduction 26
The Research Approach 26
Conclusion 42
4 Disneyized Theming: Welcome to the Pleasure Dome 45
Introduction 45
Disneyization, Theming, and Sense of Place 46
Themed Ibiza: Top-Down and Bottom-Up 48
Drugs, Disneyization, and Spectacular Experiences 53
Conclusion 57
viii Contents
5 Disneyized Hybrid Consumption: Space, Drugs, and
Normalization 61
Introduction 61
Drugs in Liminal Travel Spaces 62
Drugs, Disconnection, and Disorientation 65
Down the Rabbit Hole: Deep Disconnection and Flow 68
Conclusion 77
6 Disneyized Branding and Merchandize: Drugs and
Hierarchies of Cool 79
Introduction 79
Buying into Lifestyle: Identity, Youth, and Drugs 80
Ever Decreasing Circles: Branding, Merchandize, and Hierarchies of Cool 85
Drinking the Right Drinks, Taking the Right Drugs 91
Conclusion 96
7 Disneyized Performative Labour: Drug Use and
Dealing Amongst Ibiza’s Seasonal Workers 99
Introduction 99
Disneyization and Performative Labour 100
Performative Labour in Ibiza 101
From Drug Use to Dealing 105
Conclusion 112
8 The Disneyization of Drug Use: From Ibiza to Festivals 115
Introduction 115
Understanding Drug Use from the Ground Up: The Case for
Cultural Criminology 115
The Disneyization of Drug Use: Atypical Intoxication in Music Festivals 119
Drugs and Risk Distortion in Disneyized Space 124
Conclusion 128
9 Conclusion 132
What Next? Future Directions for Research 134
Final Thoughts 135
I ndex 137
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This research was only possible thanks to the generosity of the many tourists
and seasonal workers in Ibiza who invited me for nights out, took me for break-
fast, introduced me to friends, met me with hangovers, and generally gave up
valuable leisure time to recount their thoughts, feelings, opinions, and Ibiza sto-
ries. Their warmth, honesty, energy, humour, and engagement made feldwork a
constant source of fun and fascination. Thanks to Tony Colombo. His constant
advice, knowledge, feedback, and canal-side debate transformed the clarity of
my w riting and made me (re)consider every sentence. For academic inspiration,
I owe thanks to Jock Young, Jef Ferrell, and Fiona Measham. Heartfelt mention
to Brina for Balearic insight, hilarity, and an efortless ability to get us on every
guest list in Ibiza. Thanks to everyone who made feldwork in Ibiza and Majorca
such a pleasure – Keith Hayward, Ruth White, Karlie Stonard, Lauren Holdup,
Jon Davies, Tom Swift, Luci Stevenson, Claudine Morris, Becky Bush, Steph
Gater, Natalie Rayns, Sophie Petrie, Kate O’Brien, Sebastien Tutenges, and Dan
Briggs. Thanks go to Tom Thurnell-Read for his insightful feedback, and to the
editorial team at Routledge for their patience. I’m grateful to a host of friends and
family for always being there … Andy Da, Guy Powell, Clare Tomlinson, Ash
Crump, Jill and Jim Lewis, Steve Brennan, Milda Rushworth, Sean Vickery, Al-
abama Worley, Ken Nagasaki, Zuko, Mark Newman, Holly Kirwan-Newman,
Doc, Liz Orton, Micky Fence, Rich and Laura, Adam Longley, Jon Hoey, Mez
Hennessy … and to Maria for her support, sense of fun, and kindness. Finally,
I raise a large glass to the memory of Dr Bob Tummey – a great friend, inspira-
tional mentor, festival buddy, and all-round hilarious man.
