Diseases of the thyroid

397 Pages·2003·2.639 MB·English

by  Braverman, Lewis E (ed.)

CONTEMPORARY ENDOCRINOLOGY™
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Edited by
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EWIS RAVERMAN MD
Chief, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition
Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
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ISEASES OF THE HYROID
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ONTEMPORARY NDOCRINOLOGY
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ERIES DITOR
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Diseases of the thyroid / edited by Lewis E. Braverman.-- 2nd ed.
p. ; cm. -- (Contemporary endocrinology)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 1-58829-176-6 (alk. paper); 1-59259-352-6 (e-book)
1. Thyroid gland--Diseases. I. Braverman, Lewis E., 1929- II. Contemporary endocrinology (Totowa, N.J.)
[DNLM: 1. Thyroid Diseases. 2. Iodine--deficiency. 3. Thyroid Hormones--physiology. WK 200 D6109 2003]
RC655 .D56 2003
616.4'4--dc21
2002069071
P
REFACE
In the past five years, so much additional progress has been made in our understanding
of both the basic and clinical aspects of a wide variety of thyroid disorders that a second
edition of Diseases of the Thyroid was considered a necessary addition to the Contem-
porary Endocrinology series. Fresh perspectives also seemed warranted, so we recruited
new authors for many of the chapters and believe that this edition will provide the reader
with further insights into the pathophysiology and clinical presentation and treatment of
thyroid disease. It includes topics ranging from neonatal thyroid screening, thyroid
dysfunction during infancy and childhood, peripartum thyroid disorders, thyroid disease
in the elderly, and the clinical relevance of the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) to the
pathogenesis and treatment of nodular goiter, thyroid cancer, thyrotoxicosis, and
hypothyroidism. The worldwide problem of iodine deficiency and its eradication is also
discussed, along with environmental goitrogens and iodine-induced thyroid disease.
I am indebted to all the contributors for their cooperation and expertise in providing
their chapters in an extremely timely fashion, to Mr. Thomas Moore and Mr. Craig
Adams from Humana Press for their expert assistance, and to Ms. Christine Archung for
providing superb administrative assistance.
Lewis E. Braverman, MD
v

C
ONTENTS
Preface................................................................................................v
Contributors......................................................................................ix
1 Molecular Mechanisms of Nuclear Thyroid Hormone Action
William W. Chin and Paul M. Yen.................................................1
2 Nongenomic Actions of Thyroid Hormone
Paul J. Davis and Faith B. Davis..................................................19
3 Thyroid Testing: A Clinical Approach
Laurie A. Kane and Hossein Gharib............................................39
4 Neonatal Screening for Thyroid Disease
Marvin L. Mitchell and Cecilia A. Larson...................................53
5 Thyroid Disease in Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence
Rosalind S. Brown..........................................................................63
6 Thyroid Disease in Older Persons
Clark T. Sawin................................................................................85
7 Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases
Stefano Mariotti and Giovanni Pinna........................................107
8 Problems in the Management of Hypothyroidism
Paul W. Ladenson........................................................................161
9 Management of the Various Causes of Thyrotoxicosis
Douglas S. Ross............................................................................177
10 Resistance to Thyroid Hormone
Joshua D. Safer............................................................................199
11 Evaluation and Management of the Euthyroid Nodular
and Diffuse Goiter
Peter A. Singer .............................................................................217
12 Radiation and Thyroid Cancer:
Lessons from a Half Century of Study
Arthur B. Schneider and Elaine Ron .........................................239
13 Management of Thyroid Cancer
Stephanie L. Lee...........................................................................263
14 Thyroid Dysfunction During Pregnancy and After Delivery
John H. Lazarus...........................................................................291
15 Goitrogens in the Environment
Arnold Engel and Steven H. Lamm
(based on Eduardo Gaitan).......................................................307
vii
viii Contents
16 Iodine Deficiency and Its Elimination by Iodine Supplementation
John T. Dunn ...............................................................................329
17 Iodine-Induced Thyroid Disease
Wilmar M. Wiersinga and Lewis E. Braverman........................347
18 Clinical Relevance of the Thyroid Sodium/Iodide Symporter
Peter H. K. Eng and Su-Chin Ho ...............................................363
Index...............................................................................................377
C
ONTRIBUTORS
LEWIS E. BRAVERMAN, MD, Chief, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition,
Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
ROSALIND S. BROWN, MD, CM, FRCP(C), Endocrinology Division, Children’s Hospital;
Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
WILLIAM W. CHIN, MD, Lilly Research Labs, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN
FAITH B. DAVIS, MD, The Ordway Research Institute of the Wadsworth Center, New
York State Department of Health; Albany Medical Center; Stratton Veterans
Affairs Medical Center, Albany, NY
PAUL J. DAVIS, MD, The Ordway Research Institute of the Wadsworth Center, New
York State Department of Health; Albany Medical Center; Stratton Veterans
Affairs Medical Center, Albany, NY
JOHN T. DUNN, MD, Professor, Department of Endocrinology, University of Virginia
Health System, Charlottesville, VA
PETER H. K. ENG, MBBS, MRCP, FAMS, Thyroid Unit, Department of Endocrinology,
Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
ARNOLD ENGEL, MD, MPH, Consultant in Epidemiology and Occupational Health,
Washington, DC
EDUARDO GAITAN, MD, FACP, Division of Endocrinology, University of Mississippi
School of Medicine, Jackson, MS
HOSSEIN GHARIB, MD, FACP, FACE, Consultant, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes,
Metabolism, Nutrition, and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic; Professor
of Medicine, Mayo Medical School, Rochester, MN
SU-CHIN HO, MBBS, MMed, MRCP, FAMS, Thyroid Unit, Department of Endocrinology,
Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
LAURIE A. KANE, MD, Consultant, Department of Endocrinology, Northern Michigan
Hospital, Petoskey, MI
PAUL W. LADENSON, MD, John Eager Howard Professor of Endocrinology, Professor
of Medicine, Pathology, and Oncology, Director, Division of Endocrinology
and Metabolism, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
STEVEN H. LAMM, MD, DTPH, Consultant in Epidemiology and Occupational Health,
Washington, DC
CECILIA A. LARSON, MD, New England Newborn Screening Program, University
of Massachusetts Medical School, Jamaica Plain, MA
JOHN H. LAZARUS, MA, MD, FRCP (LOND, GLAS, & EDIN), Professor of Clinical
Endocrinology, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales, UK
STEPHANIE L. LEE, MD, PhD, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Boston
Medical Center, Boston, MA
STEFANO MARIOTTI, MD, Department of Medical Science M. Aresu, University
of Cagliari; Policlinico Universitario–Presidio di Monserrato, Monserrato, Italy
MARVIN L. MITCHELL, MD, New England Newborn Screening Program, University
of Massachusetts Medical School, Jamaica Plain, MA
ix