Diseases of Edible Oilseed Crops

476 Pages·2015·11.186 MB·English

by  C. Chattopadhyay, S. J. Kolte, F. Waliyar

AGRICULTURE C
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Diseases of Edible Oilseed Crops presents an unprecedentedly thorough collection of information iy
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on the diseases of cultivated annual oilseed crops, including peanut, rapeseed–mustard, sesame,
soybean, sunflower, and safflower. Written by internationally recognized researchers, this book
Oilseed Crops
covers and integrates current worldwide literature in the field, setting it apart from other books that
are only of regional importance. D
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The book focuses on major diseases of economic importance to each crop. Each chapter is e
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devoted to a type of crop and a profile of affecting diseases according to geographical occurrence,
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epidemiology, symptoms, causal pathogens, host–pathogen interactions, biotechnological aspects,
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and the latest approaches to understanding host–pathogen interactions. It also includes discussions o
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on developments on controversial subjects in research in order to stimulate thinking and further
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conversation with an eye toward improvements and resolutions.
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Research on oilseed crop diseases has expanded tremendously in the past 30 years, primarily as an
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effort to reduce losses to various stresses, including crop diseases. In the war against hunger and b
malnutrition, it is necessary to enhance and update knowledge about crop diseases and managing l
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them. By compiling decades of information from previously scattered research into a single

globally minded volume, Diseases of Edible Oilseed Crops provides these much-needed updates and O
enhancements.
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C. Chattopadhyay
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S.J. Kolte
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6000 Broken Sound Parkway, NW
Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487
711 Third Avenue
New York, NY 10017
an informa business
2 Park Square, Milton Park
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Diseases of
Edible
Oilseed Crops

Diseases of
Edible
Oilseed Crops
C. Chattopadhyay
Director
ICAR: National Research Centre for Integrated Pest Management
New Delhi, India
S.J. Kolte
Professor of Plant Pathology (Retired)
G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology
Pantnagar, India
F. Waliyar
Principal Plant Pathologist
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)
Bamako, Mali
Boca Raton London New York
CRC Press is an imprint of the
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Version Date: 20150831
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Contents
Foreword .........................................................................................................................................xxi
Preface..........................................................................................................................................xxiii
Acknowledgments ..........................................................................................................................xxv
Authors .........................................................................................................................................xxvii
Section i introduction
Chapter 1 Edible Oilseed Crops ....................................................................................................3
Chemical Nature of Edible Oils and Fats .....................................................................3
Trends in World Production and Consumption of Vegetable Oils and Fats .................4
Commonly Cultivated Annual Edible Oilseed Crops .............................................4
Linola: A New Annual Edible Oilseed Crop ..........................................................6
Production Constraints .................................................................................................7
Basic Constraints .....................................................................................................7
Other Constraints in Developing Countries ............................................................7
Crop Management ........................................................................................................7
Disease Problems .........................................................................................................8
References ....................................................................................................................9
Section ii Peanut
Chapter 2 Fungal Diseases ..........................................................................................................13
Seed Rot and Seedling Disease Complex ..................................................................13
Symptoms ..............................................................................................................13
Geographical Distribution and Losses ..................................................................13
Pathogens ...............................................................................................................14
Factors Affecting Infection ...................................................................................14
Disease Management .............................................................................................14
Cultural Control ................................................................................................15
Chemical Control: Fungicidal Seed Treatment ................................................15
Biological Control .............................................................................................16
Early and Late Leaf Spots ..........................................................................................16
Symptoms ..............................................................................................................16
Geographical Distribution and Losses ..................................................................17
Pathogens: C. arachidicola Hori (Perfect Stage, Mycosphaerella arachidis
Deighton) and P. personata (Berk & M.A. Curtis) Arx (Perfect Stage,
Mycosphaerella berkeleyi W. Jenkins) ..................................................................19
Epidemiology and Disease Cycle ..........................................................................20
Disease Management .............................................................................................21
Host Plant Resistance .......................................................................................21
Chemical Control ..............................................................................................25
v
vi Contents
Cultural Control ................................................................................................27
Biological Control .............................................................................................28
Effect of Plant Extracts .....................................................................................29
Rust Disease of Peanuts .............................................................................................29
Symptoms ..............................................................................................................29
Geographical Distribution and Losses ..................................................................30
Pathogen: P. arachidis Speg. .................................................................................31
Epidemiology and Disease Cycle ..........................................................................31
Disease Management .............................................................................................33
Host Plant Resistance .......................................................................................33
Chemical Control ..............................................................................................35
Cultural Control ................................................................................................36
Biological Control .............................................................................................36
Effect of Plant Extracts .....................................................................................36
Sclerotium Stem Rot ...................................................................................................37
Symptoms ..............................................................................................................37
Geographical Distribution and Losses ..................................................................37
Pathogen: Asexual Anamorph Stage (S. rolfsii Sacc); Sexual Stage
(Teleomorph, A. rolfsii (Curzi) Tu & Kimbrough) ................................................38
Epidemiology and Disease Cycle .....................................................................39
Disease Management .............................................................................................40
Host Plant Resistance .......................................................................................40
Chemical Control ..............................................................................................41
Cultural Control ................................................................................................42
Biological Control .............................................................................................42
Effect of Plant Extract ......................................................................................44
Aspergillus Collar Rot or Crown Rot .........................................................................44
Symptoms ..............................................................................................................44
Geographical Distribution and Losses ..................................................................44
Pathogen ................................................................................................................45
Epidemiology and Disease Cycle ..........................................................................45
Disease Management .............................................................................................46
Host Resistance .................................................................................................46
Chemical Control ..................................................................................................46
Effects of Fungicides ........................................................................................46
Effects of Nonconventional Chemicals ............................................................47
Cultural Control .....................................................................................................47
Biological Control ..................................................................................................47
Effects of Plant Extracts ........................................................................................48
Yellow Mold and Aflaroot ..........................................................................................48
Symptoms ..............................................................................................................48
Yellow Mold Phase ...........................................................................................48
Aflaroot Phase ..................................................................................................49
Geographical Distribution and Losses ..................................................................50
Pathogen: A. flavus (Link) ex. Fries ......................................................................50
Epidemiology and Disease Cycle ..........................................................................51
Disease Management .............................................................................................51
Charcoal Rot ...............................................................................................................51
Symptoms ..............................................................................................................51
Geographical Distribution and Losses ..................................................................52
Contents vii
Pathogen: M. phaseolina (Tassi) Goid (Syns. M. phaseoli (Maubl.)
Ashby, R. bataticola (Taub.) Briton-Jones, Sclerotium bataticola (Taub.),
and Botryodiplodia phaseoli (Maubl.) Thrium) ....................................................52
Epidemiology and Disease Cycle ..........................................................................52
Disease Management .............................................................................................53
Host Plant Resistance .......................................................................................53
Chemical Control ..............................................................................................53
Cultural Control ................................................................................................54
Biological Control .............................................................................................54
Effects of Plant Extracts ...................................................................................54
Sclerotinia Blight .......................................................................................................54
Symptoms ..............................................................................................................54
Geographical Distribution and Losses ..................................................................55
Pathogen(s): S. minor Jagger and S. sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary .........................55
Epidemiology and Disease Cycle ..........................................................................56
Disease Management .............................................................................................56
Host Plant Resistance .......................................................................................56
Chemical Control ..............................................................................................57
Cultural Control ................................................................................................57
Biological Control .............................................................................................58
Cylindrocladium Black Rot ........................................................................................58
Symptoms ..............................................................................................................58
Geographical Distribution and Losses ..................................................................58
Pathogen: Anamorph, Cylindrocladium parasiticum Crous,
Wingfield & Alfenas (Teleomorph, Calonectria ilicicola Boedijn & Reitsma)....59
Epidemiology and Disease Cycle ..........................................................................59
Disease Management .............................................................................................60
Host Plant Resistance .......................................................................................60
Chemical Control ..............................................................................................60
Cultural Control ................................................................................................60
Peg and Pod Rots ........................................................................................................61
Symptoms ..............................................................................................................61
Geographical Distribution and Losses ..................................................................61
Pathogens: Complex of Fungi in Preharvest Peg and Pod Rots ............................62
Epidemiology and Disease Cycle ..........................................................................62
Disease Management .............................................................................................62
Host Resistance .................................................................................................62
Chemical Control ..............................................................................................63
Cultural Control ................................................................................................63
Biological Control .............................................................................................63
Problem of Aflatoxin Causes ......................................................................................63
Geographical Distribution and Losses ..................................................................63
Chemical Nature of Aflatoxins ..............................................................................64
Aflatoxin Management ..........................................................................................66
Host Plant Resistance .......................................................................................66
Chemical Control ..............................................................................................68
Cultural Control ................................................................................................68
Biological Control .............................................................................................69
Effect of Plant Extracts .....................................................................................69
Other Fungal Diseases ...............................................................................................71
References ..................................................................................................................71
viii Contents
Chapter 3 Virus Diseases of Peanut ..........................................................................................101
Peanut Rosette Disease Complex .............................................................................101
Symptoms ............................................................................................................101
Geographical Distribution and Losses ................................................................101
Pathogen(s): The Causal Virus Complex .............................................................103
Diagnosis .............................................................................................................104
Transmission ........................................................................................................104
Epidemiology and Disease Cycle ........................................................................105
Disease Management ...........................................................................................105
Host Plant Resistance .....................................................................................105
Chemical Control ............................................................................................106
Cultural Control ..............................................................................................106
Peanut Stem Necrosis Disease .................................................................................107
Symptoms ............................................................................................................107
Geographical Distribution and Losses ................................................................107
Pathogen: The Causal Virus ................................................................................107
Diagnosis .............................................................................................................107
Transmission ........................................................................................................107
Epidemiology and Disease Cycle ........................................................................108
Disease Management ...........................................................................................108
Host Plant Resistance .....................................................................................108
Chemical Control ............................................................................................109
Cultural Control ..............................................................................................109
Peanut Bud Necrosis Disease ...................................................................................109
Symptoms ............................................................................................................109
Geographical Distribution and Losses ................................................................109
Causal Virus: Peanut Bud Necrosis Virus ...........................................................110
Transmission .......................................................................................................110
Diagnosis .............................................................................................................111
Epidemiology and Disease Cycle ........................................................................111
Disease Management ...........................................................................................111
Host Plant Resistance .....................................................................................111
Cultural Control ..............................................................................................112
Effect of Botanicals ........................................................................................112
Spotted Wilt..............................................................................................................112
Symptoms ............................................................................................................112
Geographical Distribution and Losses ................................................................113
Pathogen ..............................................................................................................113
Diagnosis .............................................................................................................114
Transmission, Epidemiology, and Disease Cycle ................................................114
Disease Management ...........................................................................................115
Host Plant Resistance ....................................................................................115
Vector Control through Insecticides ...............................................................116
Cultural Control ..............................................................................................116
Peanut Stripe ............................................................................................................116
Symptoms ............................................................................................................116
Geographic Distribution and Losses ...................................................................117
Causal Virus: Peanut Stripe Virus.......................................................................117
Transmission ........................................................................................................117
Diagnosis .............................................................................................................118