Table Of Content©EntomologicaFennica.10September2019
Discovery of Xestophanopsis gen. n. from China
and taxonomic revision of two species misplaced in Ceroptres
Hartig, 1840 (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea: Cynipidae)
JuliPujade-Villar,YipingWang*,ZhiweiLiu,XuexinChen,JunhuaHe&MarFerrer-Suay
Pujade-Villar,J.,Wang,Y.*,Liu,Z.,Chen,X.,He,J.&Ferrer-Suay,M.2019:
DiscoveryofXestophanopsisgen.n.fromChinaandtaxonomicrevisionoftwo
speciesmisplacedinCeroptresHartig,1840(Hymenoptera,Cynipoidea:Cyni-
pidae).—Entomol.Fennica30:126–137.https://doi.org/10.33338/ef.84149
Inthepresentpaper,wedescribeXestophanopsisPujade-Villar&Wanggen.n.
tothetribeDiastrophinibasedonCeroptresdistinctusWang,Liu&Chen,2012
andtransferCeroptresdistinctusWang,Liu&Chen,2012toPericlistusFoerster,
1869asPericlistussetosus(Wang,Liu&Chen,2012)comb.n.Inaddition,we
reportthefirstrecordofPericlistuscapillatusKovalev,1968fromChina,along
withthefirstreportanddescriptionofthemale.Finally,weprovideataxonomic
keytoallEasternPalaearcticspeciesofthegenusPericlistus.
J.Pujade-Villar,DepartmentofAnimalBiology,BarcelonaUniversity,Barce-
lona08028,Catalunya;E-mail:[email protected]
Y.Wang,CollegeofForestandBiotechnology,ZhejiangAgriculturalandFor-
estry University, Lin’an 311300, China; *Corresponding author’s e-mail:
[email protected]
Z.Liu,EasternIllinoisUniversity,DepartmentofLifeSciences,Charleston,Illi-
nois,USA61920,andCentralSouthUniversityofForestry&Technology,Col-
legeofLifeSciences,Changsha,Hunan,China,412006;E-mail:[email protected]
X.Chen&J.He,InstituteofInsectSciences,CollegeofAgricultureandBiotech-
nology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China; E-mail: xxchen@zju.
edu.cn
M.Ferrer-Suay,AmericanMuseumofNaturalHistory,CentralParkWestat79th
Street,NewYork,NY10024,USA;E-mail:[email protected]
Received6March2016,accepted22June2018
1.Introduction few unusual species appear to be seed gallers
(Weld 1957, 1959, 1960, Ronquist & Liljeblad
Gall wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea: Cyni- 2001, Buffington & Morita 2009). Approxi-
pidae) are endophytophagous herbivores whose mately 1,400 gall wasp species are currently
larvaedevelopingallsonvegetativeorgansofthe known(Ronquistetal.2015).
hostplants,eitherasgall-inducers,orasinquiline ThefamilyCynipidaeiscurrentlygroupedin-
inhabitants of galls induced by other cynipids to12tribesbasedonarecentcomprehensivephy-
(Liljeblad & Ronquist 1998, Csóka et al. 2005, logeneticanalysisusingbothmorphologicaland
Pénzesetal.2009,Ronquistetal.2015),whilea molecular data (Ronquist et al. 2015). Several
ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.30 (cid:127) TaxonomyofCynipidaeofChina 127
new tribes, including Diastrophini, have been mongolicusBelizin,1973fromMongolia,P.ca-
erected according to the updated classification pillatus Belizin, 1968 from Russia (Primorskij
scheme.Diastrophiniisapparentlyamonophyle- Kraj),P.natalisTaketani&Yasumatsu,1973and
ticlineagecurrentlyconsistingoftwogeneraof P.quinlaniTaketani&Yasumatsu,1973fromJa-
gallmakers,DiastrophusHartig,1840andXes- pan, and P. qinghainensis Pujade-Villar, Wang,
tophanes Foerster, 1869, previously included in Guo & Chen, 2016 from Qinghai Province of
thetribeAylacini,andtwoinquilinegenera,Pe- China.ThegenusSynophromorphahasaNearc-
riclistus Foerster, 1869 and Synophromorpha tic and Eastern Palaearctic distribution with six
Ashmead,1903,previouslyincludedinthetribe described species (Abe et al. 2007), including
Synergini. As is understood currently, all mem- twospeciesfromtheEasternPalaearctic:S.tobi-
bersoftheDiastrophiniareassociatedwithRosa- asi Belizin, 1973 (from Tajikistan and Kyrgyz-
ceaehostplants. stan,withstatusuncertain)andS.taketaniiAbe,
Comparedtotheothergallwaspsthatinduce 1998 from Japan (Abe et al. 2007). Of the six
gallsonherbaceousorbushhostplants,members known species of Synophromorpha, five are
ofDiastrophus(onRubus)andXestophanes(on known to be associated with Diastrophus galls
Potentilla)differinhavingabasallobeontarsal (Ronquist&Liljeblad2001)whiletheremaining
claws. Diastrophus is widely distributed in the speciesneedstobeconfirmed,althoughitisex-
Holarctic(PalaearcticandNearctic)(Schicketal. pectedtohavesimilarhostgallassociation(Abe
2003, Melika 2006, Abe et al. 2007) and Neo- 1998, Abe et al. 2007). In total, six inquilinous
tropicalareas(Nieves-Aldreyetal.2013).The18 speciesinthetribeDiastrophiniareknownfrom
currently knownspeciesofthegenusallinduce theEasternPalaearctic.
galls on host plants in the family Rosaceae ThegenusCeroptresHartig,1840isthesing-
(Potentilla, Fragaria and Rubus), with one ex- lememberofthetribeCeroptresiniestablishedby
ception, D. smilacis Ashmead, 1896, which in- Ronquist et al. (2015) and is diagnosed by two
duces galls on the monocotyledonous Smilax morphologicalfeatures:(i)presenceoftworaised
(Smilaceae)(Ashmead1896,Schicketal.2003). verticalcarinaeonthelowerfaceand(ii)metaso-
ThegenusXestophanesisendemictoEuropein maltergite2free(notfusedwithmetasomaltergi-
theWesternPalaearcticandconsistsofonlytwo te3)andsmall(ratioofmedianlengthofmetaso-
known species (Nieves-Aldrey 1994, 2001, maltergite2tomedianlengthofmetasomaltergi-
Melika 2006). Both Xestophanes species are te3<1.0).Ceroptresconsistsofabout24known
knowntoinducegallsonPotentilla(Rosaceae), speciesandhasaHolarcticdistribution(Ronquist
but were also reported to induce galls on etal.2015).AllCeroptresspecieswithahostre-
Sibbaldia (Rosaceae) (Belizin 1959), although cordareassociatedwithcrypticcynipidgallson
thelatterhostrecordneedstobeconfirmed(Abe Quercus(Ronquistetal.2015).InEasternPalae-
etal.2007). arctic,atotaloffivespecieshavebeenreported,
The inquilinous members of Diastrophini, includingCeroptressetosusWang,Liu&Chen,
Periclistus and Synophromorpha, differ from 2012 and Ceroptres distinctus Wang, Liu &
otherPalaearcticinquilinegenera(exceptCerop- Chen,2012(Wangetal.2012).
tres)inhavingthemetasomaltergiteIreducedto Inarecenteffortofsystematicsurveyofthe
adorsalcrescent-shapedscale.Periclistushasa Eastern Palaearctic cynipid inquilines not be-
Holarctic distribution with 15 known species longing to Synergini, especially from mainland
(Penzésetal.2012,Pujade-Villaretal.2016).All China, we came to the conclusion that the re-
knownspeciesofthegenusPericlistusareassoci- cently described Ceroptres setosus and C. dis-
atedwithgallsinducedbyDiplolepisandLiebe- tinctus (Wang et al. 2012) were erroneously
lia(Cynipidae:Diplolepidini)onrosehosts,ex- placedbasedonmisinterpretationofkeydiagnos-
cept one Nearctic species, P. smilacis Ashmead ticfeatures,andthattheformershouldbetrans-
1896, which was reared from galls of Diastro- ferredtothePericlistuswhilethelatterrepresents
phussmilacisinFlorida,USA.IntheEasternPa- anewgenusinthetribeDiastrophini.Inthepres-
laearctic,fivespeciesofthegenusareknownup entpaper,wereportthediscoveryofthenewge-
to date (Pujade-Villar et al. 2016), which are P. nus,maketaxonomiccorrectionsandprovidefull
128 Pujade-Villaretal. (cid:127) ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.30
redescriptionsofbothCeroptressetosusandCe- Material examined. 3$, see Xestophanopsis
roptresdistinctus.Inaddition,wereportthefirst distinctus (Wang, Liu & Chen, 2012) comb. n.
record of Periclistus capillatus Kovalev, 1968 below.
fromChinaanddescribethemaleofthespecies Diagnosis. Xestophanopsis gen. n. differs
forthefirsttime.Finally,weprovideanupdated fromDiastrophusandXestophanesinhaving10
taxonomic key to all Periclistus species known very long flagellomeres (11 and shorter in Dia-
fromtheEasternPalaearcticregion. strophus and Xestophanes), F1 shorter than F2
(equal or longer in Diastrophus and Xestopha-
2.Materialsandmethods nes), radial cell very long, at least 4.0 times as
longasbroad(atmost3.5timesaslongaswidein
We follow Liljeblad and Ronquist (1998) and DiastrophusandXestophanes).Itfurtherdiffers
Melika (2006) for morphological terminology, fromXestophanesinhavingastrongtarsaltooth
Ronquist and Nordlander (1989) for abbrevia- (tarsaltoothweakinXestophanes)andfromDia-
tionsofforewingvenation,andHarris(1979)for strophusinhavingmetasomaltergiteIIandIIIfu-
cuticularsurfaceterminology.Themeasurements sed (tergite II and III not fused in Diastrophus)
andabbreviationsusedinclude:F1–F12,firstand andradialcellpartially closedalongthemargin
subsequentflagellomeres;POL,post-ocellardis- (openedinDiastrophus).Xestophanopsisgen.n.
tance;OOL,thedistancebetweentheinnermar- differsfromSynophromorhaandPericlistus(in-
gins of the posterior ocelli; ocellar-ocular dis- quilinous genera) in having a smooth scutum
tance measured as the distance from the outer withoutpiliferouspunctures,withveryshortand
edgeoftheposteriorocellustotheinnermargin verysuperficialnotauli(scutum,ifsmooth,with
ofthecompoundeyeandLOL,thedistancebe- piliferous punctures in Periclistus and notauli
tweenlateralandfrontalocelli.Thelengthofthe completeandstrong,formingdeepgroovesinSy-
radialcellismeasuredfromtheconjunctionofR1 nophromorpha).Inaddition,thenewgenusalso
with2rtothemarginalendofRsoritsprojection differsfromPericlistusinhavingstrongfacialca-
whentheveindoesnotreachwingmargin.The rinae(withdelicatefacialcarinaeinPericlistus).
widthoftheradialcellismeasuredfromtheante- Finally, the new genus differs from all Diastro-
riormarginofforewingtotheconjunctionofRs phinigenerabyfemaleF2beingslightlycurved
with2r. andflagellomeresverylong.
Allpicturesweretakenusingadigitalcamera Despription.Lowerfacewithstrongradiating
(Q-Imaging, Micropublisher 3.3 RTV) attached carinae starting from clypeus, reaching to com-
toaLeicaMZAPOstereomicroscope(Wetzlar, poundeyesandantennalsockets.Medialeleva-
Germany)andprocessedusingthesoftwareSyn- tedareaalmostsmooth,relativelystronglyraised.
opticsAutoMontageversion5.0. Clypeussubquadrangular,slightlyprojectedover
Alltypespecimensandotherexaminedmate- mandibles.Frons,vertexandocciputsmoothand
rialsaredepositedintheHymenopteraCollection shiny. Antenna with 10 long flagellomeres; F1
ofZAFU(HymenopteraCollectioninZhejiangA shorterthanF2;F2slightlycurved(Fig.1b).Pro-
& F University) and UB (University of Barce- notumdorsallylong,smoothandshiny,laterally
lona, JP-Vcoll.). In addition, the type of P. ca- withdensewhitesetae;submedialpronotaldep-
pillatusdepositedinZIN(ZoologicalInstituteof ressionsdeep,transversal,andseparatedmedial-
theRussianAcademySciences,SantPetersburg, ly;pronotalplatelaterallywelldelimitedthroug-
Russia)wasalsoexamined. houttoscutum,alutaceous,shiny,withsomese-
tae.Scutumsmoothandshiny;notauliincomple-
3.Taxonomy te,verysuperficialinanteriorhalf;medianmeso-
scutallineabsent,orrepresentedbyaveryshort,
3.1.XestophanopsisPujade-Villar barelydetectabletriangle;antero-medianparallel
linesabsent;parapsidallinespresent.Mesopleu-
&Wanggen.n.
ronsmoothandshiny.Scutellumrugose-reticula-
Typespecies:CeroptresdistinctusWang,Liu& te and punctate; scutellar foveae present. Fore-
Chen,2012.Presentdesignation. wing pubescent, margin with short cilia; radial
ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.30 (cid:127) TaxonomyofCynipidaeofChina 129
Fig.1.Xestophnopsisdistinctuscomb.n.female.–a.Habitus.–b.Antennaanddetailsoffirstsegments,F2:
curvaturemarkedbyarrow.–c.Headandmesosoma.–d.Propodeum.–e.Metasoma.epreviouslypublished
inWangetal.(2012).
130 Pujade-Villaretal. (cid:127) ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.30
celllong,R1reachingtowingmarginanddistally ventrally, not emarginated medially; anterior
slightlycurvedlaterad.Tarsalclawswithastrong tentorialpitsdistinctandsmall;epistomalsulcus
basal lobe. Metasoma without punctures; first and clypeo-pleurostomal lines indistinct. Trans-
metasomal tergite short, crescent-shaped and facialdistance0.75timesaslongasheightofeye;
smooth;tergitesIIandIIIoffemalesfusedwitha diameterofantennaltorulus1.5timesaslongas
densepatchofwhitesetaeantero-laterally;ven- distance between them. Inner margins of eyes
tralspineofhypopygiumshort. parallel. Frons, vertex and occiput smooth with
Etymology.Thenameofthenewgenusrefers sparse setae; lateral frontal carina absent. POL:
to its morphological similarities to the Western LOL:OOL=4:3:2andlateralocellusaswideas
Palaearctic genus Xestophanes Foerster, 1869. OOL.
Genderismasculine. Antenna (Fig. 1b). 12-segmented, slightly
Xestophanopsis distinctus (Wang, Liu & longer than head plus mesosoma; pedicel 1.5
Chen,2012)comb.n. times as long as broad; F1 1.7 times as long as
Type material (deposited in ZAFU). Holo- pedicel and around 0.6 times as long as F2; F2
type. $, China: Zhejiang, Tianmushan, Xian- slightlycurved;relativelengthsofantennalseg-
rending(119°34’E,30°26’N),20.VI.1999,Zhao ments:6:4:8:13(×2.8):19:14:13:12:11(×3.6):
Ming-shuileg.,Malaisetrap,No.996127.Para- 11:10:21.PlacodealsensillaF2–F10.
types. 1$, same labels as the holotype, No. Mesosoma (Figs. 1c, d, 2d–f). 1.2 times as
996124;theparatypeNo. 995985isnotCerop- longashighinlateralview.Pronotumpubescent,
tresdistinctus(seecommentsbelow). without lateral carina; submedian pronotal pits
Additionalmaterial.1$,samedataasHolo- present,transversal,separatedbyawidemedian
type (not type material, deposited in JP-V coll. carina. Mesoscutum largely smooth and shiny,
UB),No.996123(seecommentsbelow). very sparsely setose without punctures. Notauli
Redescription.Length.Female:2.1–2.2mm, shallowly impressed posteriorly and absent
maleunknown. antero-medially.Anteromedianparallellinesab-
Colour. Head largely bright-brown except sent, barely visible; median mesoscutal line ab-
mandibles dark yellow basal-medially, maxillar sent;parapsidallinespresentandveryshort,al-
andlabialpalpspaleyellow;antennadarkyellow mostabsent.Scutellumslightlywiderthanlong,
basallyandpalebrownmedio-distally;pronotum rugose-reticulate,denselysetose,setaelongerlat-
darkyellow;mesoscutumandmesopleuronyel- erally and posteriorly; scutellar foveae smooth
lowish brown, mesopleural triangle and tegulae and shiny, separated by a wide median carina.
darkyellow;legsyellowish;metasomapaleyel- Mesopleuron smooth and shiny, densely pubes-
lowbasallyanddarkyellowapically;wingmem- centinlowerportion;metapleuralsulcusreach-
branepalegreyandveinsofforewingdarkyel- ing mesopleuron in upper three-fourths of its
low. height in lateral view. Propodeum alutaceous,
Head (Figs 1c, 2b, d). Alutaceous, almost shiny, pubescent; lateral propodeal carinae dis-
smooth, with sparse silver setae. Head slightly tinct, straight, slightly convergent posteriorly;
narrower than mesosoma, 1.2 times as broad as areabetweentwolateralcarinaealutaceous,dull,
highinfrontviewand2.0timesasbroadaslong withdensesetae.
indorsalview.Genanotexpandedbehindeye,al- Forewing(Fig.2a,c).Wingmarginciliated;
mostsmoothwithsparsesetae,andwithoutpili- surfacemostlydenselysetose,sparselysetosein
ferouspunctures.Malarspaceabout1/4timesas basalportion;radialcellpartiallyopened,4.0–4.2
longasheightofeye.Lowerfacewithsparsesil- timesaslongaswide,areoletdistinct.VeinRs+M
versetae,medialraisedareaweaklyalutaceous, well-marked,lessmarkedbeforereachingtohalf
almost smooth, without striae, bordered by two ofbasalvein.
carinaefromventralmarginofantennalsockets, Legs.Tarsalclawswithabasallobeandtooth.
and laterally with strong striae irradiating from Metasoma(Fig.1d,e).Shorterthanheadand
clypeus, reaching eye and ventral margin of mesosoma combined, as long as its maximum
antennal sockets. Clypeus slightly subquadrate, height in lateral view. First metasomal tergite
alutaceous with ventral margin slightly curved short, crescent-shaped and smooth; second and
ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.30 (cid:127) TaxonomyofCynipidaeofChina 131
Fig.2.Xestophnopsisdistinctuscomb.n.female.–a.Wings.–b.Head,frontalview.–c.Detailsofradialcell,
endingofmarginalveinshownbyarrow.–d.Headandmesosoma,dorsalview.–e.Scutum.–f.Scutellum.
apreviouslypublishedinWangetal.(2012).
thirdmetasomaltergitesfused,withapatchofpu- Comments.Onespecimen(No.995985,para-
bescenceantero-laterally;subsequentmetasomal typeintheoriginaltypeseries) wasreportedas
tergiteswithfewscatteredsetaeandsmallpunc- maleintheoriginaldescription.However,itwas
tures.Hypopygiumwithveryminutedensepunc- foundtobeafemaleofadifferentspecies. An-
tures, ventral ridge with white setae, prominent otherspecimen(No.996123)wasapparentlyer-
partofventralspineofhypopygiumshort,aslong roneouslylabeledasaparatypebecauseitwasnot
asbroad. includedintheoriginaldescription(thespecimen
Host.Unknown. isnowdepositedintheJP-Vcoll.).
132 Pujade-Villaretal. (cid:127) ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.30
3.2.PericlistusFoerster,1869 1.2–1.3timesasbroadashighinfrontviewand
2.0timesasbroadaslongindorsalview. Gena
3.2.1.Periclistussetosus(Wang,Liu&Chen,
with setiferous punctures, not expanded behind
2012)comb.n.
eye. Malar space around 0.3 times as long as
CeroptressetosusWang,Liu&Chen,2012
heightofeye.Lowerfacedelicatelycoriaceous,
Type material. Holotype. $, China: Longwang withsparsewhitesetaeanddensedelicatestriae
Mountain (119°24’E, 30°23’N), Anji (Zhejiang irradiating fromclypeus, reaching eye and ven-
Province), 25.VI.1996, Jun-hua He leg., No. tral margin of antennal sockets; medial raised
962775. Paratypes. 4$, China: Shumuyuan, areaweakly coriaceouswithoutstriae,bordered
Shenzhou (Fujian Province), 11.IV.1991, Tang by two carinae fromventral margin of antennal
Yu-qing leg., Malaise trap, No. 20009978; sockets. Clypeus slightly subquadrate, aluta-
Hangzhou(ZhejiangProvince),19.V.1995,Jun- ceous, ventral margin without medial incision;
hua He leg., No. 966136; Hangzhou (Zhejiang anterior tentorial pits small and distinct; epi-
Province), 24.V.1980, Jun-hua He leg., No. stomalsulcusand clypeo-pleurostomallinesin-
801525; Fatou, Deqing (Zhejiang Province), distinct.Transfacialdistancearound0.75timesas
27.V.1996,JunhuaHeleg.,No.954479.Alltype longasheightofeye;diameterofantennaltorulus
materialdepositedinZAFU. around 1.5 times distance between them. Inner
Diagnosis.Thespeciesismorphologicallysi- marginsofeyesparallel.Frons,vertexandocci-
milartoallotherEasternPalaearcticPericlistus put smooth sparsely finely punctate with setae;
species(P.qinghainensis,P.capillatus,P.natalis lateralfrontalcarinaabsent.POL:LOL:OOL=
andP.quinlani)inhavingthemesopleuronenti- 4:3:2andlateralocellusaswideasOOL.
relysmoothandshiny,withoutstriae,andmeso- Antenna (Fig. 3e). 12-segmented, slightly
scutumsmoothoralutaceousandshiny,sparsely longer than head and mesosoma combined;
finelypunctatewithsetae.Periclistussetosusdif- pedicelsubquadrate,1.4timesaslongaswide;F1
fersfromP.qinghainensisandP.capillatusinha- 1.9timesaslongaspedicelandequaltolengthof
vingcompletenotauli(absentinP.qinghainensis F2;relativelengthsofantennalsegmentsfromF1
andincompleteinP.capillatus),fromP.capilla- toF10are:11:11:11:10:9:9:8:7:6:17.
tus by having F1 equal to F2, frons and vertex Mesosoma (Fig. 3b–d). 1.3 times as long as
with fine piliferous punctures and smooth and highinlateralview.Pronotumpubescent,without
shinyscutum(inP.capillatusF1slightlyshorter lateral carina, submedian pronotal depressions
thanF2,frontsandvertexwithoutfinepiliferous narrow,transversal,separatedbyawidemedian
punctures, and scutum partially alutaceous and carina. Mesoscutum with setigerous punctures.
dull).PericlistussetosusdiffersfromthetwoJa- Notaulicomplete,deeplyimpressed,narrowan-
panesespecies(P.natalisandP.quinlani)inha- teriorly and relatively broadened posteriorly.
vingashortandpartiallyopenradialcell,radial Anteromedianparallellinespresentandweakly
cell3.0timesaslongaswide(4.0timesaslongas impressed,extendingposteriorlyto1/4ofentire
wide and completely open in P. natalis and P. length of mesoscutum; median mesoscutal line
quinlani). present in posterior 1/3 of mesoscutum; para-
Redescription.Lengthoffemale1.8–2.0mm, psidallinespresentinposterior1/3ofmesoscu-
maleunknown. tum.Scutellumslightlywiderthanlong,rugose,
Colour.Headlargelyblackwithslightreddish with long dense setae; scutellar foveae smooth
tint, except for mandibles yellowish brown, andshiny,separatedbyanarrowmediancarina.
maxillary and labial palps pale yellow; scapus Mesopleuronsmoothandshiny,pubescentonly
andpedicelpaleyellow,flagellomeresdarkyel- inlowerportion;metapleuralsulcusreachingme-
low;mesosomabrightblack,tegulaebrown;legs sopleuroninupperthree-fifthsofitsheightinlat-
paleyellowexceptcoxadarkyellow;metasoma eral view; metapleuron and propodeum pubes-
blackish brown; wing membrane pale grey and cent; lateral propodeal carinae distinct, straight
veinsofforewingdarkyellow. and slightly convergent posteriorly; median
Head(Fig.3a).Alutaceouswithsparsewhite propodeal area coriaceous, lateral propodeal ar-
setae. Head slightly narrower than mesosoma, easwithdensesetae.
ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.30 (cid:127) TaxonomyofCynipidaeofChina 133
Fig.3.Periclistussetosuscomb.n.female.–a.Head,dorsalview.–b.Body,lateralview.–c,d.Me-
sosoma.–e.Firstsegmentsofantenna.–f.Forewing,endingofmarginalveinshownbyarrow.a,b
andfpreviouslypublishedinWangetal.(2012).
Forewing (Fig. 3f). Margin ciliated; surface Legs.Tarsalclawswithsmallbasallobeand
denselysetoseexceptforsparselysetosebasalpor- tooth.
tion;radialcellpartiallyopened,around3.0times Metasoma (Fig. 3b). Shorter than head and
aslongasbroad,areoletdistinct.VeinRs+Mwell- mesosoma combined, as long as its maximum
marked, except pale for proximal 1/4, reaching height in lateral view. First metasomal tergite
basalveinslightlyposteriorfrommiddle. short, crescent-shaped and smooth; second and
134 Pujade-Villaretal. (cid:127) ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.30
Fig.4.Periclistuscapillatus.–a.Radialcell,endingofmarginalveinshownbyarrow.–b.Firstsegmentsoffe-
maleantenna.–c.Firstsegmentsofmaleantenna.
thirdmetasomaltergitesfused,withapatchofpu- Yunleg.,No.981572(depositedinZAFU).
bescence anterolaterally; subsequent metasomal Comments. This species was originally de-
tergiteswithscatteredsetaeandsmallpunctures, scribedbasedonasinglefemalecollectedinthe
eachsmallpuncturebearingaveryfineseta,ven- FarEastofRussia.AccordingtoPujade-Villaret
tralridgewithwhitesetae,prominentpartofven- al.(2016),themaindiagnosticcharactersforthis
tralspineofhypopygiumshort,atmostaslongas speciesinclude:blackheadandmesosoma,red-
broad. dish brown metasoma, testaceous antennae and
Host.Unknown. legs; 12-segmented antenna, F1 slightly shorter
Comments.ThenewcombinationofP.setosus thanF2(Fig.4b);fronsandvertexsmoothwith-
is well justified. Periclistus is a Holarctic genus outpiliferousfinepunctures,mesoscutumaluta-
andallPericlistusspecieswithahostrecordare ceous to smooth with piliferous fine punctures
inquilinesofDiplolepidinigallsonRosa.Asingle and sparse pubescence; notauli and median
speciesofthegenushasbeenpreviouslyreported mesocutal sulcus present posteriorly, short,
fromChina(Pujade-Villaretal.2016).Periclistus nearlyabsentinanterior3/4to2/3ofscutum;me-
setosussharethesamesetofmorphologicalfea- sopleuronsmooth;radialcellopen(Fig.4a)but
turescharacteristicoftheEasternPalaearcticspe- partially closed (R1 distinctly projected toward
ciesofthegenus(seediagnosisabove),suggesting anterior margin of forewing), 3.0–3.3 times as
thatthesespeciesmayshareacommonoriginand longasbroad;areoletvisible;metasomaltergites
diversified within the region, although formal fused(T2+T3)andsmooth,withananterolateral
phylogeneticanalysisisneededbeforesuchacon- patch of white setae; subsequent segments gla-
clusionisevententativelyproposed. brouswithmicropunctures.Themaleissimilarto
the female except for the following characters:
3.2.2.PericlistuscapillatusKovalev,1968
antenna 14-segmented, F1 slightly shorter than
Type material. 1$, with the following labels: F2, curved and expanded apically and basally
“Kedrovaya pad’[Nature Reserve] Primorie [= (Fig.4c);antennalformulais4:3:5:6:5:5:4.5:
Primorskiykray]O.Kovalev17V60”.Depos- 4:4:3.5:3:3:2.5:4.5;POL:LOL:OOLis4:2.5:
itedinZIN. 2,andlateralocellusaswideasOOL;radialcell
Additionalmaterial.1$,withtheSaphonecus 3.2timesaslongasbroad.
label, Baiyun Mountain, Songxian (Henan Pro- FirstrecordfromChina.
vince), 19.VII.1996, Cai Ping leg., No. 972990
3.2.3.TaxonomickeytoEasternPalaearctic
(deposited UB, JP-V coll.); 1#, with the
speciesofPericlistusFoerster,1869
Synergus chinensis label, Luanchuan (Henan
Province), 12.VII.1996, Cai Ping leg., No. TheknownspeciesofPericlistusintheEastern
974554;1$,withtheSaphonecuslabelZhouzhi, Palaearcticcanbeidentifiedusingthefollowing
Houzhenzi(ShaanxiProvince),2-3.VI.1998,Ma taxonomickey.
ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.30 (cid:127) TaxonomyofCynipidaeofChina 135
1. Radialcelllong,around4.0timesaslongas pleurostomallinesareabsent,thegularsulciare
wide, opened; forewing with small clouded indistinct, the female antenna is 12-segmented,
maculaposteriortoanteriormarginnearapex the longitudinal ridge on F1 of male antenna is
ofradialcell 2 present,thepronotumismediallylongmedially,
– Radialcellshort,around3.0timesaslongas the pronotal plate is distinct, its lateral margins
wide, and partially closed or closed, but if areentirelymarked,almostreachingtheposterior
closed,themarginalveinveryinconspicuous; marginofthepronotum,themesoscutumandthe
forewinghyaline 3 mesopleuron are glabrous (Diastrophus, Xesto-
2. Notaular pits present anteriorly, weakly im- phanes and Xesthophanopsis gen. n.) or sculp-
pressed;metasomareddish-brown.[Distribu- tured with piliferous punctures (Periclistus and
tion:Japan] P.natalis Synophromorpha), the metatarsal claws are
– Notaular pits absent; metasoma blackish stronglybentapicallyandexpandedtoalobeor
brown.[Distribution:Japan] P.quinlani toothbasally,theclawshavelongsubapicalseta,
3. Notauli completely absent. [Distribution: the abdominal terga 3–8 are either free in both
China] P.qinghainensis sexes(Diastrophus)or3+4fusedinfemalesand
– Notaulipresent,completeorincomplete 4 free in males (Xestophanes, Periclistus and
4. Frons and vertex without punctures. F1 Synophromorpha)and,finally,thesternalpartof
shorterthanF2.Radialcellopen,R1present thepetiolarannulus(theventralmarginalflange
alongwingmarginalongatleasttheproximal ofpetiole)ispresentanddistinctlyprojecting.
halfofradialcell,sometimesinconspicuously The Diastrophini tribe includes both gall-
closed.Scutumanteriorlyweaklyalutaceous formingandinquilinousgenera,beingallassoci-
andwithfinepiliferouspunctures,especially atedwithhostplantsinRosaceaefamily,anditis
between anterior parallel lines; notauli in- uncertainastowhetherXestophanopsisdistinctus
complete or very weakly impressed anteri- comp.n.isagall-makeroraninquilinespecies.
orly. Metasoma reddish-brown. [Distribu- Nonetheless,thenewgenussharesmoremorpho-
tion:FarEastandChina] P.capillatus logicalsimilaritieswiththegallmakinggeneraof
– Frons and vertex with fine piliferous punc- the tribe, especially Xestophanes, and does not
tures. F1 as long as F2. Radial cell partially seemto beclosely related to theknown inquili-
open,R1shortlyprojectedalongwingmargin nousgenera.Forexample,Synophromorphahasa
of radial cell. Scutum smooth between complete and very strongly impressed notauli
setiferous points, shiny; notauli complete. whileXestophanopsisgen.n.hasanincomplete
Metasoma blackish brown. [Distribution: andposteriorlyverysuperficialnotauli,although
China] P.setosus theboth generahavethelower facewith strong
striae irradiating from the clypeus, reaching the
eyeandtheventralmarginoftheantennalsockets.
4.Discussion Some Eastern Palaearctic species of Periclistus
haveasmoothmesoscutumwithshortandsuper-
Allthespecimensexaminedinthepresentstudy ficialnotauliasinXestophanopsisgen.n.,butin
werecollectedusingMalaisetraps,andtherefore thesecasesthescutumhasstrongpiliferousfine
donotallowtoelucidatethebiologyofthespe- punctures(absentinXestophanopsisgen.n.)and
ciestheyrepresent.Informationonthehosts,both theirradiatingcarinaeinthelowerfacearedense
gallmakinghostandplanthost,isveryimportant and delicate (not dense and strong as in
in the identification of cynipid inquilines, and Xestophanopsisgen.n.).
consequently, identification of specimens col- Cynipidsasherbgallersaremostlyunknown
lected by Malaise traps can sometimes be very intheEasternPalaearctic(Abeetal.2007).With-
difficult. inthegallmakinggenerainDiastrophini,Species
Thespeciesincludedinthepresentstudyfall of Xestophanes are exclusively associated with
well within the tribe Diastrophini according to herbaceous species of Potentilla while those of
Ronquistetal.(2015),displayingthecharacteris- DiastrophusformgallsonRubusspp.,Potentilla
ticfeaturesofthetribe,includingthattheclypeo- spp., Fragariavirginiana DuchesneandSmilax
