Table Of ContentDisability and Accessibility in the
Music Classroom
Disability and Accessibility in the Music Classroom provides college music
history instructors with a concise guide on how to create an accessible and
inclusive classroom environment.
In addition to providing a concise overview of disability studies,
highlighting definitions, theories, and national and international policies
related to disability, this book offers practical applications for implementing
accessibility measures in the music history classroom. The latter half of this
text provides case studies of well-known disabled composers and musicians
from the Western Art Music canon from the Middle Ages to the Twentieth
Century as well as popular music genres, such as the blues, jazz, R&B, pop,
country, and hip hop. These examples provide opportunities to integrate
discussions of disability into a standard music history curriculum.
Alexandria Carrico is Assistant Professor of Music History at the
University of South Carolina, Columbia.
Katherine Grennell is Senior Education and Training Specialist and
Anthology Lecturer of History instructor at Buffalo State College.
Modern Musicology and the College Classroom
Series Editor: James A. Davis, SUNY Fredonia
Modern Musicology and the College Classroom is a series of professional
titles for current and future college instructors of musicology in its broadest
definition—encompassing music history, ethnomusicology, music theory,
and music courses for all majors. Volumes feature a basic introduction to a
significant field of current scholarship, a discussion of how the topic impacts
pedagogical methodology and materials, and pragmatic suggestions for
incorporating these ideas directly into the classroom.
Listening Across Borders
Musicology in the Global Classroom
Edited by James A. Davis and Christopher Lynch
Teaching Electronic Music
Cultural, Creative, and Analytical Perspectives
Edited by Blake Stevens
Race and Gender in the Western Music History Survey
A Teacher’s Guide
Horace J. Maxile, Jr. and Kristen M. Turner
Music, Gender, and Sexuality Studies
A Teacher’s Guide
Jacqueline Warwick
Disability and Accessibility in the Music Classroom
A Teacher’s Guide
Alexandria Carrico and Katherine Grennell
Disability and Accessibility in
the Music Classroom
A Teacher’s Guide
Alexandria Carrico and
Katherine Grennell
First published 2023
by Routledge
605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158
and by Routledge
4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2023 Alexandria H. Carrico and Katherine Grennell
The right of Alexandria H. Carrico and Katherine Grennell to be identified as
authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of
the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or
utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now
known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any
information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the
publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered
trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent
to infringe.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Carrico, Alexandria, author. | Grennell, Katherine, author.
Title: Disability and accessibility in the music classroom: a teacher’s
guide / Alexandria Carrico and Katherine Grennell.
Description: [1.] | New York: Routledge, 2023. | Series: Modern musicology
and the college classroom | Includes bibliographical references and
index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2022023028 (print) | LCCN 2022023029 (ebook) | ISBN
9781032119366 (hardback) | ISBN 9781032119373 (paperback) | ISBN
9781003222224 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Music--Instruction and study. | College students with
disabilities--Education. | People with disabilities in music. | Musicians with
disabilities.
Classification: LCC MT18.C307 2023 (print) | LCC MT18 (ebook) | DDC
780.71--dc23/eng/20220517
LC record available at https://lccn. loc .gov /2022023028
LC ebook record available at https://lccn. loc .gov /2022023029
ISBN: 9781032119366 (hbk)
ISBN: 9781032119373 (pbk)
ISBN: 9781003222224 (ebk)
DOI: 10.4324/9781003222224
Typeset in Times New Roman
by Deanta Global Publishing Services, Chennai, India
This book is dedicated to our students.
Contents
Acknowledgments xi
Glossary xiii
Introduction 1
Disability Inclusion 1
The Purpose of This Book 2
Chapter Overview 3
Language and Positionality 4
Notes 5
References 6
1 Contextualizing Disability Studies in the Music Classroom 8
Definitions and Models 8
Impairment and Disability 8
The Medical, Rehabilitation, and Social Models of
Disability 9
Ableism and Disablism 10
Intersectionality 11
History and Legislation 11
Accessibility as Inclusion 13
Notes 15
References 16
viii Contents
2 Accessible and Inclusive Applications in the Music Classroom 19
Universal Design for Learning 20
WCAG and Accessibility Checkers 22
Assessment 26
Course Design 29
Implementation and Engagement 35
Follow-Up Activities and Resources 39
Conclusion 40
Notes 41
References 43
3 Case Studies of Disabled Composers and Musicians in the
Western Art Music Canon 45
The Middle Ages (400–1400) 46
Zeitgeist and Institutions: Disability as Punishment or
Divine Inspiration? 46
Case Studies: Hildegard von Bingen and Francesco
Landini 48
Additional Reading/Listening for Students 51
The Renaissance (1400–1600) 51
Zeitgeist and Institutions: Humanism and
Melancholia 51
Case Studies: Gioseffo Zarlino and John Dowland 53
Additional Reading/Listening for Students 55
The Baroque (1600–1750) 55
Zeitgeist and Institutions: The Doctrine of Affections and
the Seconda Pratica 55
Case studies: George Frideric Handel and Farinelli
(Castrati) 56
Additional Reading/Listening for Students 60
The Classical Era (1750–1800) 60
Zeitgeist and Institutions: The Enlightenment 60
Case Studies: The Decline of Castrati and Disability in
Haydn’s Instrumentals Works 62
Additional Reading/Listening for Students 64
Romantic Era (1800–1900) 65
Contents ix
Zeitgeist and Institutions: Medical Model of Disability,
Statistics, and the “Norm” 65
Case studies: Ludwig van Beethoven and Robert
Schumann 66
Additional Reading/Listening for Students 70
Twentieth Century (1900–2000) 70
Zeitgeist and Institutions: Musical Modernism and the
Social Model of Disability 70
Case studies: Arnold Schoenberg, Igor Stravinksy, and
Evelyn Glennie 72
Additional Reading/Listening for Students 75
Conclusion 75
Notes 75
References 81
4 Case Studies of Disabled Composers and Musicians in
Popular Music 86
The Blues 87
Case Studies: Blind Lemon Jefferson, Bessie Smith, and
Amy Winehouse 88
Additional Reading/Listening for Students 91
Jazz 91
Case Studies: Connie Boswell, Art Tatum, and Django
Reinhardt 92
Additional Reading/Listening for Students 96
Rhythm and Blues, Rock and Roll, and Pop Music 96
Case Studies: Ray Charles, Teddy Pendergrass, Britney
Spears, and Lady Gaga 96
Additional Reading/Listening for Students 101
Country 101
Case Studies: Hiram “Hank” Williams and
Lil Nas X 103
Additional Reading/Listening for Students 107
Hip Hop, Krip-Hop, and Dip Hop 107
Case Studies: Kenrick Lamar, Leroy Moore, and Warren
“Wawa” Snipe 108
Additional Reading/Listening for Students 110
