direct energy conversion literature abstracts

237 Pages·2012·13.44 MB·English

UNCLASSI FIED
274070
AD
ARMED SEJtVICES TECHNICAL INFORIAWM
ARLIM HALL SAMI
ARirU W 12, VIEGNIA
UNCLASSIFIED
NOTICB: Nhen goverment or other dawings, speci-
fications or other data are used for any purpose
other than in connection with a definitely related
government procurment operation, the U. S.
Government thereby incurs no responsibility, nor any
obligation whatsoever; and the fact that the Govern-
ment may have formilated, furnished, or in amy way
supplied the said drmwings, specifications, or other
data is not to be regarded by implication or other-
wise as in any manner licensing the holder or any
other person or corporation, or conveying any rights
or permission to manufacture, use or sell any
patented invention that may in any way be related
thereto.
.DISCT ENRGY CONVERSION
UTERATUIE ABSTRACTS
Conzow in OIe BrmIlbc rha
014_ Technical Informaion Division
-,
d:: April 1962
AP R1 3'1:2
* A
U.SL NAVAL RESKA CH LAORATORY
Washington 25, D.C.
N
CONTENTS
pages
iii
INTRODUCTION .....................................
ABBREVIATIONS USED IN CITATIONS TO PERIODICALS ......... v
ABSTRACTS ........... ............................... 1-211
I. Energy Conversion Item number
A. General Information ....................... 1629-1717
B. Bibliographies ........................... 1718-1737
C. Patents ................................ 1738-1775
II. Thermoelectricity
A. General Information ....................... 1776-1789
B. Theory ................................ 1790-1821
C. Related Phenomena ........................ 1822-1828
D. Materials
I. Measurements ...................... 1829-1839
2. Properties ......................... 1840-1971
E. Design, Principles of ...................... 1972-1986
F. pplications
I. Power Generators .................... 1987-2026
2. Heat Pumps (Refrigeration-Temperature
Control) ......................... 2027-2090
3. Thermocouples ...................... 2091-2112
4. Miscellaneous ...................... 2113-2124
Ill. Thermionic Emission
A. General Information ....................... 2125-2138
B. Theory ................................ 2139-2144
I. Emission Phenomena .................. 2145-2165
2. Related Phenomena ................... 2166
C. Electrode Properties. ...................... 2167-2181
D. Plasma Properties ........................ 2182-2192
E. Design Parameters ........................ 2193-2198
F. Devices ............................... 2199-2230
G. Systems ............................... 2231-2239
IV. Photoelectric Processes
A. Photovoltaic
1. Theory ........................... 2240-2267
2. Silicon Cells ....................... 2268-2325
3. Compound Semiconductors .............. 2326-2348
4. Devices ........................... 2349-2386
5. System s .......................... 2387-2411
B. Photoemissive ........................... 2412-2420
C. High Energy Processes ..................... 2421-2436
V. Magnetohydrodynamic s
A. General Information ....................... 2437-2442
B. Principles .............................. 2443-2449
C. Plasma Properties ........................ 2450-2456
D. Devices ..... ............................... 2457-2468
CONTENTS (Cont'd)
VI. Electrochemical Processes .. .. .. .. .. ... ... ... ...... 2469.2473
A. Fuel Cells
1. General Information. .. .. .. ... ... .... .. 2474-2571
2. Theory .. .. .. .. .. ... ... .... ... ... ... 572-2577
3. Electrode Processes .. .. .. .. ... ... ... .. 2578-2593
4. Primary. .. .. .. .. ... ... ... .... ... ... 294
a. Hydrogen-Oxygen .. .. .. .. .... ..... 2595-2629
b. Carbonaceous .. .. .. .. .. ... .... .. 2630-2639
5. Regenerative. .. .. .. .. ... .... ... ... .. 2640-2658
B. Primary Batteries .. .. .. .. .. .... ... ... ...... 2659-2689
C. Storage Cells. .. .. .. .. .. ... ... ... .... ... .. 2690-2702
VII. Energy Storage
A. General Information. .. .. .. .. ... ... .... ... .. 2703-Z705
B. Chemical. .. .. .. .. ... ... ... .... ... ... ... 2706-2709
C. Electromagnetic .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .... ... ... .. 2710
D. Mechanical. .. .. .. .. ... ... ... ... .... ... .. 2711
VIII. Energy Sources
A. General Information. .. .. .. .. ... .... ... ... .. 2712-2713
B. Chemical Fuels. .. .. .. .. ... ... ... .... ... .. 2714-2715
C. Nuclear .. .. .. .. ................. 2716-2730
.GeneralI nformaltio..............no entries
2. Isotopes. .. .. .. .. ... .... ... ... ...... 2731-2761
3. Fission Reactors. .. .. .. ... ... .... .... 2762-2768
4. Fusion. .. .. .. .. ... ... .... ... ... ... 2769 -2772
D. Solar Collection and Concentration .. .. .. ... ... .. 2773-2819
IX. Regulation and Control. .. .. .. .. .. ... .... ... ... ... 2820-2825
pages
AUTHOR INDEX. .. .. .. .. ... ... ... .. ... .... ... .... ...... 212- 225
DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION LITERATURE ABSTRACTS
Introduction
This is the third in a series of bibliographies covering unclassified litera-
ture related to the direct conversion of energy. Subject coverage includes
thermoelectricity, thermionic emission, photoelectric processes, magnetohydro-
dynamics, electrochemical processes, energy storage, and fnergy sources.
Users who are primarily interested in thermoelectricity are referred to
the four-part bibliography which preceded the present undertaking. Entitled
Thermoelectricity Abstracts, it was issued May (PB 151657) and August (PB 151810)
1959, and March (PB 161301) and August (PB 161714) 1960. Copies may be ob-
tained from the Office of Technical Services, U. S. Department of Commerce,
Washington 25, D. C., by citing the PB numbers included above, following the dates.
The NRL Library does not have copies of the listed material available for
outside loan. It is, therefore, suggested that those desiring access to material
cited utilize their usual channels for loan or acquisition.
The majority of the publications referred to should be available for con-
sultation or borrowing at the larger public or research libraries. Research
reports can usually be obtained from the Armed Services Technical Information
Agency (ASTIA), Arlington Hall Station, Arlington 12, Va., through established
borrowing procedures, and from the Office of Technical Services (OTS), by pur-
chase. AD numbers are included, when known, in order to facilitate use of ASTIA
or OTS services.
Reports emanaiing frozi U. S. Government agencies may, in some cases,
also be available from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing
Office, Washington 25, D. C. (Check the Monthly Catalog, U. S. Government
Publications and its indexes for availability). The Office of Technical Services,
Washington 25, D. C., will, upon application, attempt to obtain U. S. Government-
sponsored research reports not obtainable elsewhere.
Translations, when referenced, are usually indicated to be available from
SLA (Special Libraries Association Translation Center, located at the John Crerar
Library, 86 East Randolph Street, Chicago, ll.) or from LC (Library of Congress,
Washington 25, D. C.). Complete information regarding such translations may be
found in the issue of Technical Translations designated in the citation.
Suggestions concerning this bibliography are encouraged by the compiler,
Miss Mildred Benton, Consultant in Research Information, U. S. Naval Research
Laboratory, Code 2023, Washington 25, D. C.
iii
ABBREVIATIONS USED IN CITATIONS TO PERIODICALS
The following is a list of abbreviations used in citing references to period-
icals, followed by the complete title of the periodical.
Acad. Bulg. Sci. Compt. Rend. Acadimie Bulgare des Sciences Comptes
Rendus
Acad. Ray. Belg. Bull. Class. Sci Acad4mie Royale de Belgique Bulletin de
Classe de Sciences
Acad. Sci. Paris. Compt. Rend. Acaddmie des Sciences, Paris. Comptes
Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances
Acts Electron. Acta Electronics
Aero-Space Eng. Aero-Space Engineering
Aerospace Manag. Aerospace Management
Agr. Eng. Agricultural Engineering
Air Cond. Heat & Vent. Air Conditioning, Heating and Ventilating
Akad. Nauk. SSSR. Dok. Akademiya Nauk, SSSR. Doklady
Akad. Nauk. SSSR. Ser. Fiz. Izvest. Akademiya Nauk SSSR. Seriya Fizicheskaya
Izvestiya
Akad. Nauk. Ukrain. SSR. Voprosy Akademiya Nauk Ukralnskoi SSR. Voprosy
Poroshkovoi Met. i Prochnosti Poroshkovoi Metallurgii i Prochnosti
Mater ialov. Mate rialov.
Akust. Zhurn. Akusticheskiy Zhurnal
Am. Acad. Arts Sci.Proc. American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Proceedings
Am. Aviat. American Aviation
Am. Ceram. Soc. J. American Ceramic Society. Journal
Am. Chem. Soc. J. American Chemical Society. Journal
Am. Electrochem. Soc. Trans. American Electrochemical Society.
Transactions
Am. Gas. Assoc. Mon. American Gas Association Monthly
Am. Gas. J. American Gas Journal
Am. Inst. Elec. Engrs. Trans. American Institute of Electrical Engineers.
Transactions
Am. J. Sci American Journal of Science
Am. Nuclear Soc. Trans. American Nuclear Society. Transactions
Am. Phys. Soc. Bull. American Physical Society. Bulletin
Am. Soc. Nay. Engrs. J. American Society of Naval Engineers.
Journal
Ann. Mines Arles des Mines
Ann. Physik Annalen der Physik
Appl. & Indus. Applications and Industry
Appl. Mech. Rev. Applied Mechanics Review
Appl. Sci. Res. Applied Scientific Research
Arch. Forum Architectural Forum
Archly. Kem. Arkiv-for Kemi
ARS. J. ARS Journal
Assoc. In&. Elect. Sortis de l'Inst. Asmociation des Ingenieurs Electriciens
Electrotech. Monteflore Bull. Sortie de l'nstitut Electrotechnique
Monte Flore (Beskrovny) Bulletin
Atlantic Mon. Atlantic Monthly
Atom u. Strom Atom und Strom
Atomic En. Soc. Japan. J. Atomic Energy Society of Japan. Journal
Australian J. Phys. Australian Journal of Physics
iv
Automotive Indus. Automotive Industries
Automatic. Contr. Automatic Control
Aviat. Age Aviation Age
Aviat. Wk. Aviation Week
Aviat. Wk. & Space Tech. Aviation Week and Space Technology
Battelle Tech. Rev. BatteUe Technical Review
Beama J. Bearna Journal
Bell Tel. Mag. Bell Telephone Magazine
Birmingham Univ. Chem. Engr. Birmingham University Chemical Engi-
neer
Brit. Chem. Eng. British Chemical Engineering
Brit. Inst. Radio Engrs. J. British Institute of Radio Engineers.
Journal
Brit. J. Appl. Phys. British Journal of Applied Physics
Bull. Info. Sci. & Tech. Paris Bulietin d'Information Scientifique et
Technique, Paris
Bus. Wk. Business Week
Byull. Izobretenii Byulleten Izobretenii Patentnago
Upravlenija Komiteta
Can. Electron. Eng. Canadian Electronic Engineering
Carnegie Tech. Carnegie Technical
Ceram. Age Ceramic Age
Cert. Engr. Certificated Engineer
Chem. & Eng. News Chemical and Engineering News
Chem. Age Chemical Age
Chem. & Indus. Chemistry and Industry
Chem. Eng. Chemical Engineering
Chem. Eng. Prog. Chemical Engineering Progress
Chem. Listy Chemicke' Listy
Chem. Process Eng. Chemical Process Engineering
Chem. Wk. Chemical Week
Comm. & Electron Communication and Electronics
Commonwealth Engr. Commonwealth Engineer
Compressed Air Mag. Compressed Air Magazine
Contemp. Phys. Contemporary Physics
Contr. Eng. Control Engineering
Coop. Elec. Res. Cooperative Electrical Research
Czechoslov. J. Phys. Czechoslovakian Journal of Physics
Dissertation Abs. Dissertation Abstracts
Elec. Comm. Electrical Communication
Elec. Eng. Electrical Engineering
Elec. J. Electric Journal
Elec. Mfg. Electrical Manufacturing
Elec. Rev. Electrical Review
Elec. Times Electrical Times
Elec. World Electrical World
Electrochem. Soc. J. Electrochemical Society. Journal
Electrochem. Soc. Trans. Electrochemical Society. Transactions
Electrochim. Acta Electrochimica Acta
Electromech. Design Electromechanical Design
Electron. Electronics
Electron. Design Electronic Design
Electron. Eng. Electronic Engineering
Electron. Equip. Electronic Equipment
Electron. Equip. Eng. Electronic Equipment Engineering
Electron. Indus. Electronic Industries
Electron. Indus. & Tele-Tech Electronic Industries and Tele-Tech.
v
Electron. Tech. Electronic Technology
Electron. Wk. Electronic Week
Electron. World Electronic World
Electro-Tech. Electro- Technology
Electrotech. Lab. Bull. (Tokyo) Electrotechnical Laboratory Bulletin
(Tokyo)
Elektron. Rund. Elektronische Rundschau
En. Nucleaire Energie Nucleaire (France)
Eng. Engineering
Eng. & Mining J. Engineering and Mining Journal
Engr. Engineer (London)
Engr.. Dig. Engineers Digest
ETZ Elektrotechnische Zeitschrift
Fiz. Met. i Metalloved. Fizika Metallov i Metallovedeniya
Fiz. Tverdogo Tela. Fizika Tverdogo Tela
Frank. Inst. J. Franklin Institute. Journal
Fuel Effic. Fuel Efficiency
Georgia Tech. Engr. Georgia Tech Engineer
Heat. Heating
Helv. Phys. Acta Helvetica Physica Acts
Hiroshima Univ. Fac. Eng. Bull. Hiroshima University. Faculty of Engi-
neering. Bulletin
Hydrographic Rev. Hydrographic Review
Ilium. Eng. Soc. Trans. Illuminating Engineering Society.
Transactions
Indian Inst. Metals. Trans. Indian Institute of Metals. Transactions
The Indicator (ACS) The Indicator (American Chemical
Society. N.J. Chapter)
Indus. Eng. Chem. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
Indus. Labs. Industrial Laboratories
Indus. Sci. & Eng. Industrial Science and Engineering
Ing. Ingenieur
Ing. Vetens. Akad. Ingeniors Vetenskaps Akademien
Inst. Elec. Engrs. J. Enstitute of Electrical Engineers.
Journal
Inst. Elec. Engrs. Proc. Institution of Electrical Engineers.
Proceedings
Inst. Franc. Petrole & Ann. Institute Francais du Petrole et Annales
Combus. Liquides. Rev. des Combustibles Liquides. Revue
Inst. Heat. & Vent. Engrs. J. Institute of Heating and Ventilating
Engineers. Journal
Inst. Radio Engrs. Proc. Institute of Radio Engineers. Proceedings
Inst. Radio Engrs. Trans CP Institute of Radio Engineers. Transactions.
Professional Group on Component Parts
Instr & Contr. Sys. Instruments and Control Systems
Instr. Construction Instrument Construction
Instr. Soc. Am. J. Instrument Society of Amerita. Journal
Inzhen. Fiz. Zhurn. Inzhenerno-fizicheskii Zhurnal.
Iron & Steel Inst. J. Iron and Steel Institute. Journal
Izvest. Sektora Platiny i Drug. Izvestiya Sektora Platiny i Drugikh
Blagorod. Metall. Inst. Obshchei Blagorodnykh Metallov, Institut Obshchei
i Neorg. Khim. Akad. Nauk. i Neorganischeskoi Khimii imneni N.S.
SSSR. Kurnakova, Akademiya Nauk SSSR
J. Appl. Phys. Journal of Applied Physics
J. Chem. Ed. Journal of Chemical Education
J. Chem. Phys Journal of Chemical Physics
vi
J. Electron. & Contr. Journal of Electronics and Control
J. Four. Elec. Journal dufour Electrique et de L'ectrolyse
J. Geophys. Res. Journal of Geophysical Research
J. Heat Transfer Journal of Heat Transfer
J. Nuclear En. Journal of Nuclear Energy
J. Phys et Radium Journal de Physique et le Radium
J. Phys. Chem. Journal of Physical Chemistry
J. Sci. Instr. Journal of Scientific Instruments
J. Space Flight Journal of Space Flight
Kyltek. Tid. Kylteknisk Tidskrift (Refrigeration
Journal
Latv. PSR. Zinat. Akad. Vestis Latvijas PSR Zinatnu Akademijas Vestis
Mach..Design Machine Design
Mat. Design Eng. Materials in Design Engineering
Mat. Handling Eng. Material Handling Engineering
Mech. Eng. Mechanical Engineering
Mech. World and Eng. Record Mechanical World and Engineering Record
Mil. Sys. Design Military Systems Design
Missile Design & Devlpmt. Missile Design and Developmer',
Mon. Weather Rev. Monthly Weather Review
Motortech. Z. Motortechnische Zeitschrift
N. E. Coast Inst. Engrs. and North-east Coast Institution of Engineers
Shipbuilders. Trans. and Shipbuilders. Transactions.
NTZ Nachrichtentechnische Zeitschrift
Natl. Acad. Sci. Proc. National Academy of Sciences. Proceedings
NatI. Res. Devlpmt. Corp. Bull. National Research Development
Corporation. Bulletin
Naturw. Naturwis senschaften
Nay. Res. (Rev.) Naval Research (Reviews)
Northwestern Engr. Northwestern Engineer
NRC Canada. Radio Elec. Eng. National Research Council. Canada.
Div. Bull. Radio and Electrical Engineering
Division. Bulletin
Nuclear En. Nuclear Energy
Nuclear Sci & Eng. Nuclear Science and Engineering
N.Y. Times New York Times
Ohio J. Sci. Ohio Journal of Science
Oil and Gas J. Oil and Gas Journal
Onde Elec. Onde Electrique
Petrol Petroleum
Petrol Wk. Petroleum Week
Phil. Mag. Philosophical Magazine
Philips Res. Rept. Philips Research Report
Philips Tech. Rev. Philips Technical Review
Phys. & Chem. Solids Physics and Chemistry of Solids
Phys. Fluids Physics of Fluids
Phys. Rev. Physical Review
Phys. Rev. Ltr. Physical Review Letters
Phys. Soc. Japan. J. Physical Society of Japan. Journal
Phys. Soc. Proc. Physical Society (London). Proceedings
Phys. Today Physics Today
Plant & Power Services Engr. Plant and Power Services Engineer
Popular Mech. Popular Mechanics
Power Eng. Power Engineering
Pribory i Tekh. Eksp. Pribory i Tekhnika Eksperimenta
Prod. Design Product Design
vii