Digital Video and HDTV Algorithms and Interfaces

701 Pages·2002·4.683 MB·English

by  Charles Poynton

Digital Video and HDTV
Algorithms and Interfaces
The Morgan Kaufmann Series in Computer Graphics and Geometric Modeling
Series Editor: Brian A. Barsky, University of California, Berkeley
Digital Video and HDTV Algorithms Andrew Glassner’s Notebook:
and Interfaces Recreational Computer Graphics
Charles Poynton Andrew S. Glassner
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Rendering with Radiance: The Art
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Library of Congress Control Number: 2002115312
ISBN: 1-55860-792-7
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Dedication
In memory of my mother,
Marjorie Johnston
1926—2002
and
to Quinn and Georgia,
and the new family tree
Digital Video and HDTV
Algorithms and Interfaces
Charles Poynton
Part 1
Introduction
1 Raster images 3
2 Quantization 17
Brightness contrast
3 and controls 25
4 Raster images in computing 31
5 Image structure 43
6 Raster scanning 51
7 Resolution 65
8 Constant luminance 75
9 Rendering intent 81
10 Introduction to luma and chroma 87
11 Introduction to component SDTV 95
12 Introduction to composite NTSC and PAL 103
13 Introduction to HDTV 111
14 Introduction to video compression 117
15 Digital video interfaces 127
1

Raster images 1
This chapter introduces the basic features of the pixel
array. Iexplain how the pixel array is digitized from the
image plane, how pixel values are related to brightness
and color, and why most imaging systems use pixel
values that are nonlinearly related to light intensity.
Imaging
In human vision, the three-dimensional world is imaged
by the lens of the eye onto the retina, which is popu-
lated with photoreceptor cells that respond to light
having wavelengths ranging from about 400 nm to
700 nm. In video and in film, we build acamera having
alens and aphotosensitive device, to mimic how the
world is perceived by vision. Although the shape of the
retina is roughly asection of asphere, it is topologi-
cally two dimensional. In acamera, for practical
reasons, we employ aflat image plane, sketched in
Figure 1.1 below, instead of asection of asphere. Image
science concerns analyzing the continuous distribution
of optical power that is incident on the image plane.
Figure 1.1 Scene,
lens, image plane
3