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United States Diffuse and Spotted Knapweed Biological Control Project Manual
Department of
Agriculture
Animal and
Plant Health
Inspection
Service
Plant Protection
and Quarantine
Biological Control
Operations
DEPT. OF A
NATIONDEE ha
AGRICULTURAL ees
Fiscal Year 1995
Contents Diffuse and Spotted Knapweed
CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION
Orientation to the Biological Control Project Against
Diffuse and Spotted Knapweed (DSK Project) ..................
RLOLCSTALICUR CSO UIISIOLICICCMEES Raat teat: oa nr MWR ets ee ister
PLOW ALOT SCHL LIS MVAANUA LM emmi a, Es gwen en) chu eket ween aaah es
ESTABLISHING A PHASE 1 FIELD INSECTARY SITE (FIS)
LSE OUCUO eee ee ime oe coum fe Moet eet Sees Ga ke Za)
Screc tra DUlLaDle SitesOR Mie INGeClACyare aa a ees ec ey jas
Fill Out a Field Insectary Site Preliminary
IDFOLOTauON OLLCCE CE LS Fld emma we eRe eh ar coc s ene og acere ns hone ese hes
Release the, Biocontrol: Agents at a PhaseseriS.. 2. a 4 ve |
Fill Out Forms AD-943 (Biological Shipment
Record-Non-Quarantine) and AD-943A (Supplemental
Lata) ere acer eee EON MT nc Sete Cer eed ACS cond toeat Wes te Mace eeo es Zeal
Collect Samples of Biocontrol Agents From the
PASC TSE LS grew tag ee cher. oan 0. RARE oh Les a 5 ohare, Sta S oho ten ee yids
Fill Out a Diffuse and Spotted Knapweed Biocontrol
A Pen UR CCOVCLYEANCEOANIDIN 2 RCDOLL anes Un tence tenors tn a Peers Piegal|
ESTABLISHING A PHASE 2 FIELD INSECTARY SITE (FIS)
ECCOCUCUIOi Manama wet hoger en e R a hee ks e jal
Selectca Suitable mite iol, Ler INSeClary aumeen ete ane et ee ee res aye)
Collect Biocontrol Agents From a Phase 1
PLS Or Registrioutlonio as pldSere ttL oree rarest s.c ows ge es aren ee =n
Release theiBiocontrol A gents. atra Phase: 23 bIS 2 oe) Ghee ye tes 5219
APPENDIXES
Appendix 1: Diffuse and Spotted Knapweed Plants ............... 4.1
Appendix 2: Biology and Identification of
IBIOCONULOL DAV COLS apt rae Men Me hrs ete S Gone arg ee es S|
Appendix 3: Summary of Diffuse and Spotted Knapweed
BIGCOntrOlAG CUS are eae ear gi tee. Taha A ooe ek A Soe! son eee 6.1
Appendix 4: Operation of Transpak II Global
POSIUOMIN SES VStClf CIES) Smee feck ee ee coals are ea are tie
Appendix 5: APHIS Process to Release Exotic Natural
Enemies of Weeds for Establishment and Redistribution ............ 8.1
PNDDENC XAOme ER aTpe CTOC REO LING ccaee sne pte oh aa oe a w bo oat
AD Peni key mr lOstemtalveoDeCllicityaleStIN 92. ae aos ee 10.1
PADDCOINaS ml ClleCHONey ACUI Gen sie they Bice ie bona ol woe) sow as Lick
ENPDYESE 5k Se By cicada Lege ct Se Sa 12.1
)
LOIN VERSE PY DUE soos a oa aera ae a Psat
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PHOTOGRAPHS
Number
Spotted and Diffuse Knapweed Plants
Centaurea maculosa Lam. (spotted knapweed) flower headed knapweed plant, showing
branching form’: 2c. 3 sal, es Boe Hees Scene lee SO ee aie eg 1-2
Spotted knapweed infested an S6.fy acces en ke ee 9 ee 1-3
Spotted :knapweed. rosette: = ene. ek ee oes Cle a 1-4
Mature spotted. kKnapweed*seedheadsS= Sepa < acres 0 steerer ene ean ee 1-5
Centaurea diffusa Lam. (diffuse knapweed) uncommon purple flower head ............... 1-6
Ditfuse knapweed normal white tlower Meads hye scree ae tele cv 1-7
Diffuse knapweed plant showing branching andstOmn sce. ce. ee 1-8
Diffuse: knapweedsintested range gen. .c. aac ce mene er et eer ee ce 1-9
Biocontrol Agents
Avapeta zoegana adult TOOt DOTINS MOC oe ere oe ee ee 2-1
Agapeta zoegana larva and root feeding damagee sera 0. eee ee AERee C arat 2-2
Pierolonche inspersa adult LOOU DOLIMG title ees eer cep cee 2-3
Cyphocléonus achates adult: TOOt DOLIN gw CCVi ) ameg s eo ai ee ee ea 2-4
Cyphocleonus achates larvae and ‘rooUteeding damage ee gee eee eee ee 2-5
Earinus minutus adult seednead ‘weevil 220. cas). tee 2-6
Larinus minutusadult emergencesole in. knapweed) Seed Gad ic. cey meee aan ens essen 2-7
Larinus obtusus adult;seedbéad weevil an eae eel ae ee ee 2-8
Bonegasternus faustt.adult seedhead Weevil nme. ieee 2-9
Metzneria paucipunctella adult seedheadsmothinws: cee one as ee 2-10
Metzneria paucipunctella larva and seedhead feeding damage ....................000- 2-11
Urophora afjinis adult seedhead lyon plant/ gall Gai, scree aoe eee 2-12
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Urophora affinis larva and gall in knapweed seedhead ......00. 0c. e.ee. .eee. ee s 2-13
Dy OPROLG OUGOIIOSCICIA AUUtESeCONCAGI Vaavearammentara eens curr. a4. oe 3 GS as ee 2. 2-14
Urophora guganyasciaia gallicompared to knapweed S6eG: = nine) ce ss a 2-15
Chaelorel hatacrolopiisaduirrscedncag lly me wee me ete en eas ee, | ene ee, ce 2-16
POL CLILGEVELENISEAU UI ESCOUNCAG Sl ¥ marae tm oe emer Tee te Wen Nr Gees ene Beko a.S ee cate ke 2-17
Sphenoptera jugoslavica adult root boring beetle on diffuse knapweed ................... 2-18
wpnenoplera jugosiavica larva and root feeding damage "ie 2... oe ee = 2-19
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