Differential diagnosis in small animal cytology: the skin and subcutis

209 Pages·2019·13.078 MB·English

by  Cian, Francesco, Monti, Paola

Differential
Diagnosis in
Small Animal
Cytology
The Skin and Subcutis

Differential
Diagnosis in
Small Animal
Cytology
The Skin and Subcutis
Francesco Cian
and
Paola Monti
CABI is a trading name of CAB International

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© Francesco Cian and Paola Monti 2019. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any
form or by any means, electronically, mechanically, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior
permission of the copyright owners. All figures sourced by and used with permission of Francesco Cian, Paolo
Monti and associates.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library, London, UK.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Cian, Francesco, author. | Monti, Paola (Consultant veterinary
clinical pathologist), author. | C.A.B. International, issuing body.
Title: Differential diagnosis in small animal cytology : the skin and
subcutis / Francesco Cian and Paola Monti.
Description: Oxfordshire, UK ; Boston, MA : CABI, [2019] | Includes
bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2019013159 (print) | LCCN 2019014194 (ebook) | ISBN
9781786392268 (ePDF) | ISBN 9781786392275 (ePub) | ISBN 9781786392251 (pbk
: alk. paper)
Subjects: | MESH: Dog Diseases--diagnosis | Skin Diseases--veterinary | Cat
Diseases--diagnosis | Cytodiagnosis--veterinary | Diagnosis, Differential
| Pets
Classification: LCC SF992.S55 (ebook) | LCC SF992.S55 C53 2019 (print) | NLM
SF 992.S55 | DDC 636.089/075--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019013159
ISBN-13: 978 1 78639 225 1 (paperback)
978 1 78639 226 8 (ePDF)
978 1 78639 227 5 (ePub)
Commissioning Editor: Alex Lainsbury
Editorial Assistant: Emma McCann
Production Editor: Kate Hill
Typeset by SPi, Pondicherry, India
Printed and bound in the UK by Bell & Bain Ltd, Glasgow
‘When we read, we are not looking for new ideas, but to see our own thoughts given the seal of
confirmation on the printed page. The words that strike us are those that awake an echo in a
zone we have already made our own – the place where we live – and the vibration enables us to
find fresh starting points within ourselves.’
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un suggello di conferma. Ci colpiscono degli altri le parole che risuonano in una zona già nostra – che
già viviamo – e facendola vibrare ci permettono di cogliere nuovi spunti dentro di noi.’
Cesare Pavese,
Il mestiere di vivere: Diario 1935–1950

Contents
Authors x
Preface xi
PART I: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CYTOLOGY 1
1. Guide to the choice and correct use of the microscope (Ian Baldwin) 3
1.1 Choosing a supplier 3
1.2 Parts of a microscope 3
1.3 Setting up a microscope 7
1.4 Care of the microscope 9
1.5 Taking pictures of microscope images 9
2. Collection, preparation and staining of cytology specimens 11
2.1 Materials 11
2.2 Sampling techniques 11
2.3 Smear preparation techniques 13
2.4 Slide staining 15
3. Guidelines to cytology smear examination 16
3.1 Step-by-step approach to the slide examination and description 17
3.2 Interpretation of the cytological findings 21
4. Cytological criteria of malignancy 22
4.1 General criteria of malignancy 22
4.2 Nuclear criteria 23
4.3 Cytoplasmic criteria 24
PART II: CYTOLOGY OF SKIN AND SUBCUTIS 25
5. Skin and subcutis anatomy 27
5.1 Main components of the skin and subcutis 27
5.2 Main cell types observed on cytology 29
6. Inflammatory lesions 31
6.1 Neutrophilic inflammation 32
6.2 Macrophagic inflammation 35
6.3 Eosinophilic inflammation 38
6.4 Lymphocytic inflammation 41
6.5 Inflammation caused by infectious agents 43
vii
Cont e nts
viii
6.6 Panniculitis 46
6.7 Xanthoma 48
6.8 Injection site and foreign body reaction 50
6.9 Pemphigus foliaceus (PF) 53
7. Cysts, tumour-like lesions and response to tissue injury 55
7.1 Follicular cysts 56
7.2 (Sweat gland) apocrine cyst 59
7.3 Fibroadnexal hamartoma 60
7.4 Haematoma and haemorrhage 62
7.5 Necrosis 65
7.6 Calcinosis 68
7.7 Granulation tissue 71
7.8 Nodular fasciitis 74
8. Epithelial tumours 76
8.1 Tumours without squamous or adnexal differentiation 78
Basal cell tumour and basal cell carcinoma 78
8.2 Epidermal tumours 80
Papilloma 80
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) 82
8.3 Follicular tumours 87
Trichoblastoma 87
Trichoepithelioma 91
Infundibular keratinizing acanthoma (IKA) (dog) 94
Pilomatricoma 97
8.4 Sebaceous tumours 100
Sebaceous adenoma, epithelioma and carcinoma 100
Perianal gland adenoma, epithelioma and carcinoma (dog) 104
8.5 Apocrine gland tumours 107
Sweat gland adenoma and carcinoma 107
Ceruminous gland adenoma and carcinoma 111
Anal sac adenocarcinoma (ASAC) 114
8.6 Clear cell adnexal carcinoma (dog) 119
8.7 Merkel cell tumour 121
8.8 Diagnostic algorithms 123
9. Mesenchymal tumours and other neoplasms 124
9.1 Mesenchymal tumours 126
Fibroma and fibrosarcoma 126
Myxoma and myxosarcoma 130
Keloidal fibroma and fibrosarcoma 132
Perivascular wall tumours (PWTs) 134
Lipoma 138
Liposarcoma 140
Haemangioma 143
Haemangiosarcoma 144
Anaplastic sarcoma with giant cells and pleomorphic sarcoma 148
Injection site sarcoma 150
Rhabdomyoma and rhabdomyosarcoma 152
Contents
ix
9.2 Histiocytic tumours 155
Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) 155
Feline progressive dendritic cell histiocytosis (FPH) 158
Other canine histiocytic disorders 161
9.3 Melanocytic tumours 164
10. Round cell tumours 168
10.1 Canine mast cell tumour (canine MCT) 169
10.2 Feline mast cell tumour (feline MCT) 174
10.3 Cutaneous histiocytoma (dog) 178
10.4 Plasma cell tumour 181
10.5 Transmissible venereal tumour (TVT) 185
10.6 Cutaneous lymphoma 187
11. Metastatic lesions 192
12. Suggested further reading and references 194