Differential Diagnosis for Physical Therapists: Screening for Referral 4th Edition (Differential Diagnosis In Physical Therapy)

932 Pages·2006·23.27 MB·English

by  Catherine C. Goodman MBA PT CBP, Teresa Kelly Snyder MN RN OCN CS

A. TOTAL RED BLOOD CELL (RBC) COUNT; HEMOGLOBIN A N D HEMATOCRIT VALUES
FOR ADULTS

Total RBC Count
Hematocrit (HCT)
Hemoglobin (HGB)
Sed Rate (ESR; m/hr)

Women
4 to 5.5 million/mm 3
36-46%
12-15 g/dl
1-25 (increases during pregnancy)

Men
4.5 to 6.2 million/mm 3
42%-52%
14-16.5 g/dl
0-17

B. TOTAL W H I T E BLOOD CELL (LEUKOCYTE) COUNT A N D DIFFERENTIAL COUNT IN ADULTS
A N D CHILDREN OVER 2 Y E A R S OF AGE

Total W B C Count
4 , 5 0 0 - 1 1 , 0 0 0 / m m 3

Differential Count

Granulocytes

Segs (segmented neutrophils; mature)

Bands of stabs (immature neutrophils)

EOs (eosinophils)

BASOs (basophils)

Monos (monocytes)

Lymphs (lymphocytes)

45%-62%

3%-5%

l % - 3 %

0-0.75%

3%-7%

25%-33%

C. PLATELET (THROMBOCYTE) COUNT

Adult and Child (over 1 year of age)
1 5 0 , 0 0 0 - 4 0 0 , 0 0 0 / m m 3

Critical low

Critical high

Less than 30,000/mm 3

Greater than 1,000,000/mm 3

URINE ANALYSIS (URINALYSIS)
RENAL FUNCTION BLOOD STUDIES

Test
N o r m a l Result
Test

General

Measurements

Other

Components

Sediment

Color

Turbidity

pH

Specific gravity

Glucose

Ketones

Blood

Protein

Bilirubin

RBCs

WBCs

Casts

Mucous threads

Crystals

Yellow-amber

Clear to faintly hazy

4.5-8.0

(average: 5.5-6.0)

1.003-1.030 (usually

1.016-1.022)

None or <15mg/dl

None

None

2-8mg/dl

None

0-2 per high power

0-4 per high power

Occasional

Occasional

Occasional

Normal Result
Significance of

Findings

From Chernecky C, Berger B: Laboratory tests and diagnostic proce-
dures, ed 4, Philadelphia, 2003, WB Saunders.

Creatinine

Males

Females

Elderly

Children

BUN

BUN/

Creatinine

ratio

10:1 to 2 0 : 1

0.6-1.2 mg/dl

0.5-1.1 mg/dl

May be lower

Vary by age

and sex

10-20 mg/dl

Elderly: may

be slightly

higher

Measure of

kidney function

Age-related

decline (reduced

muscle mass)

Increased: hepatic or

renal disease,

dehydration, infection,

steroid use, GI bleed

Decreased: malnutrition,

fluid volume excess,

or severe hepatic

damage

Increased ratio: fluid

volume deficit,

dehydration

Decreased ratio: fluid

volume excess,

malnutrition

No changes in the ratio

with increases in both

BUN and creatinine

indicates renal

impairment

From Chernecky C, Berger B: Laboratory tests and diagnostic proce-
dures, ed 4, Philadelphia, 2003, WB Saunders.

Differential
Diagnosis
PHYSICAL THERAPISTS

Screening for Referral

Differential
Diagnosis For

PHYSICAL THERAPISTS

Screening for Referral

Catherine Cavallaro Goodman, MBA, PT

Medical Multimedia Group

Faculty Affiliate

University of Montana

Missoula, Montana

Teresa E. Kelly Snyder, M N , R N , OCN

Oncology Treatment Area

Montana Cancer Specialists

Missoula, Montana

SAUNDERS

ELSEVIER

11830 Westline Industrial Drive
St. Louis, Missouri 63146

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS FOR PHYSICAL THERAPISTS: SCREENING FOR
REFERRAL ISBN-13: 978-0-7216-0619-4
ISBN-10: 0-7216-0619-9
Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any
information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier's Health Sciences Rights Department in
Philadelphia, PA, USA: phone: [phone], fax: [phone], e-mail: